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X/Y精子分离技术是目前最先进、最经济的性别控制手段,该技术不仅能提高母犊率,加快优质奶牛群扩繁速度,而且可显著提高奶牛种群质量以及其繁殖效益.试验用X/Y种畜(天津)有限公司生产的奶牛性控冻精在兰州城关奶牛场进行试验,共授配奶牛40头,情期受胎率平均为67.5%;共产犊牛21头,其中母犊19头,公犊2头,死亡3头,母犊率达到90.48%,犊牛的成活率为85.71%;对其中11头母犊的体重、体尺进行了阶段性测定,与本场使用常规冻精所产母犊的生长发育指标进行检验,差异不显著(P>O.05).试验表明,奶牛性控冻精在受胎率和提高母犊率方面具有良好的综合试验效果,对实现规模化奶牛场的快速扩群和品质提高具有较高的实用价值. 相似文献
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为了掌握性控冻精和普通冻精授配效果,采用性控冻精和普通冻精分组授配奶牛进行对比试验.性控冻精授配奶牛平均受胎率为89.2％;常规冻精授配母牛平均受胎率89.4％,差异不显著（P＞0.05）;性控冻精母犊率达到92.02％,普通冻精产母犊率51.63％,差异极显著（p＜0.01）.经对性控冻精所产母犊的体重、体尺进行测定,并与常规冻精所产母犊的生长发育指标进行比较,两者差异不显著.试验表明,奶牛性控冻精对实现规模化奶牛场的快速扩群和品质提升具有较高的实用价值. 相似文献
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宝山区开展性控冻精在奶牛生产上的应用试验,以比较性控冻精与普通冻精使用后适配母牛的受胎率、母犊率及犊牛外貌等情况。结果表明性控冻精受胎率比普通冻精低,但母犊率远高于普通冻精。使用性控冻精获得的母犊更符合高产母牛的外貌特征。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2016,(8):52-54
为了研究使用性控冷冻精液(以下简称性控冻精)进行人工授精对青年奶牛繁殖性能的影响,选择10名输精员和6头公牛性控冻精对1851头青年奶牛随机进行人工授精,第1次人工授精时全部使用性控冻精,返情的母牛分别使用常规精液和性控冻精人工授精,统计分析妊娠率、产犊数、母犊数等繁殖指标。结果表明:性控冻精人工授精后代母犊率显著高于常规精液人工授精后代母犊率(P0.05);不同公牛性控冻精和不同输精人员的人工授精情期受胎率存在差异(P0.05);性控冻精人工授精对青年奶牛流产率、产犊率和犊牛初生重等没有显著影响(P0.05)。青年奶牛第1次人工授精配种适合选择性控冻精,能显著提高后代母犊率。 相似文献
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性控冻精在克拉玛依地区后备奶牛上的应用试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
新疆克拉玛依绿成公司奶牛二场从2006年开始对178头满18月龄后备牛进行配种,其中86头使用性控冻精,92头使用普通冻精,统计情期受胎率、母犊率、犊牛初生重、犊牛成活率和胎衣不下的情况,并对性控冻精与普通冻精后代的生产性能等进行了跟踪观察与对比。性控冻精配种的后备牛比普通冻精配种的后备牛的情期受胎率低8.4个百分点（P〉0.05）,母犊率提高44.2个百分点（P〈0.01）,犊牛初生重相差1.2kg（P〉0.05）,犊牛成活率相差1.4个百分点（P〉0.05）,胎衣不下率相差2.8个百分点（P〉0.05）。从后代的生产性能上比较,牛奶产量平均相差1.52kg,差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;乳蛋白、乳脂率和非脂固形物比较,差异均不显著。通过性控冻精与普通冻精在后备牛上的运用效果表明,奶牛性控冻精在情期受胎率、母犊率及后代的生产性能方面具有良好的综合试验效果。 相似文献
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试验选择河北某奶牛场荷斯坦奶牛成母牛389头和月龄、体重适中的青年牛345头，随机分成两组，其中试验组有青年牛173头、成母牛208头，对照组有青年牛172头、成母牛181头；分别采用性控冻精和常规冻精配种，配种后60d内检查其受胎率，产后统计其母犊率；同时收集奶牛场1～12月使用性控冻精配种的所有青年牛每月的受胎率，产母犊率，流产率等数据。结果表明，青年牛和成母牛的性控冻精受胎率分别较常规冻精低11.34%(P <0.05)、10.03%(P <0.05)，同时青年牛的性控冻精受胎率较成母牛性控冻精受胎率高10.10%(P <0.05)，青年牛和成母牛的性控母犊率分别较常规冻精高43.65%(P <0.01)、39.91%(P <0.01)；通过对整个牛场青年牛4605头全年性控冻精受胎率观察，季节性对奶牛受胎率有一定影响，夏季7、8、9月份受胎率较低一些，但全年差异不显著，季节性对流产率影响不大，差异不显著。性控冻精用于奶牛繁殖具有较好的经济效益，特别是在青年牛中的应用具有较高的受胎率和产母犊率。 相似文献
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本文通过总结重庆市2006～2009年期间,在三个奶牛场使用1 300剂性控精液配种效果观察,分析并总结了奶牛性控精液在生产中的配种效果及经济效益,为奶牛性控精液能否在生产中大面积的推广应用提供了依据。从重庆市几年的应用情况看,用奶牛性控冻精给母牛配种,一次情期受胎率平均为54.23%,比普通精液一次情期受胎率低3.2个百分点;性控冻精配种产母犊率为92.5%,显著高于普通精液配种的49.5%。性控冻精配种母牛受胎率虽低于普通冻精配种,但产母犊率显著高于普通冻精,产犊收益既高于普通精液,又能达到快速扩群和选育的目的,值得推广应用。性控冻精精子含量少,对配种技术要求高,可在有配种技术高的人工授精人员的大中型奶牛场推广应用,不宜在小规模场和散养户中使用。 相似文献
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本文归纳总结了奶牛群体改良(DHI)技术的有关操作要点,并分析了其在奶牛场生产中的常见应用,供奶牛养殖场参考。 相似文献
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Cheah T.S. Sani R.A. Chandrawathani P. Bahri Sansul Dahlan I. 《Tropical animal health and production》1999,31(1):25-31
An investigation into the epidemiology of Trypansoma evansi infection in crossbred dairy cattle was conducted for a period of 12 months on a dairy cattle farm in Penninsular Malaysia. The prevalence of parasitaemia was highest in lactating animals (13.4%), followed by those in the dry herd (8.8%), late pregnant animals (8.1%), early pregnant animals (4.7%), calves (0.3%) and heifers (0.2%). The prevalence of antigenaemia was highest in the lactating animals (54.7%), followed by that in dry animals (53.7%), heifers (51.1%), late pregnant animals (47.7%), early pregnant animals (46.5%) and calves (24.2%). 相似文献
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Early Foetal Loss Correlates Positively with Seroconversion against Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in High‐Producing Dairy Cows 
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下载免费PDF全文 This study was designed to examine (i) the seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subs paratuberculosis (MAP) in a high‐producing dairy herd with clinical symptoms of bovine paratuberculosis, (ii) MAP seroconversion and seronegativation dynamics in the herd and (iii) possible relationships between MAP infection status and herd reproductive performance. One single blood test per cow was performed early post‐partum on a monthly basis from day 10–40 post‐partum during the first year of the study in 519 cows belonging to a commercial dairy herd. A subset of 111 cows that became pregnant during the study was tested again 60–200 days later during the early foetal period, immediately after the first confirmation of gestation at 58–64 days post‐AI. Logistic regression analysis indicated no effect of any independent variable on MAP seropositivity and conception rate 28–34 days post‐AI. MAP seropositivity was not a factor affecting the anoestrous, subfertility and early foetal loss rates. In the subset of 111 cows, animals that seroconverted had a 3.9 times greater risk of suffering from early foetal loss (30.3%, 10/33) than the remaining pregnant animals (10.3%, 8/78), (95% confidence interval: 1.11–13.4; p = 0.003). In conclusion, early foetal loss was positively correlated with seroconversion to MAP. Reproductive performance was not impaired by MAP infection. 相似文献
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基于Internet/Intranet集约化奶牛场精细养殖技术平台的构建 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在windows 2000 advanced Server环境上，利用SQL Server 2000网络数据库系统，通过将集约化奶牛场生产管理过程基本要素数字化并建成奶牛场精细养殖数据库体系框架后，结合了B／S与C／S两种结构的优点，构建了基于Internet／Intranet集约化奶牛场精细养殖技术平台。按预设的奶牛生命周期各种基本参数，利用技术平台自动产生的模拟数据，全面验证了平台开发的预期目标，即建成的平台系统能按奶牛个体跟踪至少5代以上的祖先系谱，能监测可能出现的子代近交系数，能动态反映由不同类型牛只组成的牛群结构，尤其在采集奶牛个体体况信息的基础上，根据系统设置预测养分需要的模型，精准计算个体奶牛的日营养需要并优化日粮配方，基本实现了以个体信息为基础的奶牛精细饲养。最后指出该技术平台的发展方向是建立以构件技术为基础的三层体系结构，为Web Server应用提供更大的空间。 相似文献
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Delayed conception is defined as an interval of greater than 90 days postpartum before a cow becomes pregnant again. In this study, the risk factors for delayed conception in Korean dairy herds were determined by evaluating several reproductive factors in individual cows. The following data was recorded from 1,012 pregnancies in eight dairy herds (designated A-H) from July 2001 to June 2006: herd, cow parity, repeated animal (cows included 2, 3, or more times), calving season, calving condition (abnormal partus), postpartum disorders (retained placenta, metabolic disorders, metritis and ovarian cysts) and conception. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the effects of these factors on delayed conception. A stepwise procedure was used to obtain the appropriate model (α = 0.05), which revealed the herd, metritis and ovarian cysts to be significant risk factors for delayed conception. The odds ratio showed that the likelihood of delayed conception increased by 3.3 and 2.0 fold for each incidence of metritis and ovarian cysts, respectively. Delayed conception was significantly more likely in 2 herds, in herd A by 2.0 fold and in herd B by 2.4 fold, compared with herd H. These results suggest that the prevention of postpartum metritis and ovarian cysts, as well as improved herd management, will be needed to maintain a short interval between calving and conception in Korean dairy herds. 相似文献
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Temporal trends in reproductive performance in Irish dairy herds and associated risk factors 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mee JF 《Irish veterinary journal》2004,57(3):158-166
: Irish dairy herd fertility has been declining since the 1980s. The extent, nature and causes of this decline in fertility and the current status of Irish dairy herd fertility were described. An increase in calving interval of approximately one day per year has been recorded. The principal components of this trend have been an increased incidence of postpartum endocrinopathies, reduced expression of oestrus and a fall in conception rate. Both submission rate and calving-to-service interval have increased slightly over time. Significant risk factors associated with these trends have been strain substitution within the Holstein-Friesian breed and single trait selection for milk production. Critically, these changes have been reflected in loss of body condition. Contributory factors included increased herd size and possibly increased use of DIYAI. The most recent Irish study showed that 48% of cows conceived to first service and 14% of cows were not pregnant at the end of the industry-average 15-week spring breeding season. However, the top quartile of herds achieved a first-service conception rate of 59%, illustrating the wide variation between herds. These phenotypic trends were attributed to both genetic and environmental factors and their interactions. Recent Irish dairy herd fertility performance falls short of the targets set for seasonal compact calving. 相似文献
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A study of the safety of a vaccine against lungworm was carried out with pregnant and lactating heifers from three dairy herds with a previous history of lungworm outbreaks in adult cows. Half of the heifers were vaccinated while the other half were not. A slight temporary cough following the vaccination was only observed in one herd. No adverse effects on pregnancy or milk production were seen. All heifers were serologically and coprologically examined before the first, before and after the second immunization, 3 months after introduction to pasture and at the end of the grazing season. Serological and faecal examination of the dairy cows before introduction into pasture confirmed the presence of at least one Dictyocaulus viviparus carrier in each herd. Lungworm infection occurred in all herds during the grazing season, most prominently in the herd with the highest number of heifers. In this herd, mild coughing associated with the lungworm infection was noticed, especially in the non vaccinated heifers. No other signs or symptoms were observed. It is concluded that a vaccine against D. viviparus can be used safely in heifers, before they are introduced into the adult herd, and that this vaccine can be used as a preventive measure against lungworm outbreaks in adult cattle. 相似文献
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DHI即奶牛群改良计划或生产性能记录体系,DHI测定因能显著提高奶牛场经济效益及牛群品质而被世界各国纷纷采用.本文综述了我区DHI测定技术的应用及结果分析,指出DHI测定存在的问题,这些问题也是限制我区DHI测定推广的因素. 相似文献
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奶牛的乳腺炎是一种极其复杂的疾病,是影响奶牛产业发展的一个重要因素。对奶牛乳腺炎抗性的研究有助于选育出有高抗性的奶牛群体,提高奶产品的数量和质量,并且可以减少抗生素的使用。近年来,随着生物信息学、分子育种技术和基因组学的发展,为奶牛的乳腺炎抗病育种提供的新的前景。本文主要介绍了牛锌指蛋白313基因、前脑锌指蛋白基因、T... 相似文献