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1.
枸树干基腐朽病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2018年12月在海南省儋州市的枸树活立木上发现一种由灵芝属真菌引起的干基腐朽病,从病树上采集新鲜的担子果,组织分离法分离病原菌,对其进行科赫氏法则验证,明确该菌为致病菌。采用ITS-SSU-LSU多基因联合构建系统发育树,通过形态学特征及分子生物学鉴定为南方灵芝[Ganoderma australe (Fr.) Pat.],生物学特性测定结果表明该病原菌在温度条件为25~32 ℃范围内生长较好,最适温度为28 ℃,适宜生长pH为4~7,最适pH为6,在CA、PDA、PSA培养基上生长状态较好,最适培养基为PDA培养基,光照对病原菌菌丝的生长有抑制作用。 相似文献
2.
橡胶树白根病是中国进境植物检疫性病害,是世界性橡胶树的严重病害。为了能更好的了解、预防和控制橡胶树白根病,对该病菌进行生物学特性的研究,研究不同培养条件及营养环境对橡胶树白根病菌菌丝生长的影响。结果表明:病原菌在PDA+酵母和PDA+橡胶树根汁培养基上生长最好,PDA培养基中添加不同的糖对病原菌生长影响不同,以蔗糖、淀粉、麦芽糖、甘露糖和鼠李糖最好。PDA培养基中添加2%的氮源对病菌的生长无促进作用。该菌在10～35℃下均能生长,最适生长温度为28℃,55℃下处理10 min,病菌不能生长;pH4~11都可生长,最适pH8～9;黑暗能促进病原菌生长。 相似文献
3.
甜瓜棒孢叶斑病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对海南三亚发生的甜瓜棒孢叶斑病的危害症状进行了系统的描述,采用致病性试验、形态学观察及分子生物学的方法对引起该病的病原菌进行了鉴定,同时采用菌落生长法和玻片法测定了病原菌的生物学特性。结果表明：甜瓜棒孢叶斑病的病原菌为多主棒孢霉[Corynespora cassiicola（Berk. & Curst.）Wei];病原菌菌丝生长的最适宜培养基为大豆培养基,最适温度为 24~28 ℃,致死温度和时间为55 ℃、15 min,最适pH为 8~10,光照有利于菌丝生长,最适碳源为乳糖,最适氮源为NaNO3;分生孢子萌发的最适温度为 24 ℃,致死温度和时间为50 ℃、20 min。 相似文献
4.
5.
红毛丹炭疽病菌生物学特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对红毛丹炭疽病病菌进行分离,鉴定病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌[Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.)Sacc.]。研究培养基、温度、湿度、pH值、光照、营养对红毛丹炭疽病菌生长和孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,该菌菌丝在PDA、CA和CZ培养基上生长较好,10~35℃下均能生长,适宜生长温度为25~28℃,分生孢子萌发的最适温度为28℃;病原菌在pH3~11都能生长,pH5~8生长较好,菌丝生长及孢子萌发最佳pH值为7;分生孢子在饱和湿度中萌发快,相对湿度低于99%时不能萌发;光照对病原菌的生长有明显的促进作用,病原菌的致死温度为:55℃,10min;PDA培养基中加入不同的糖对病原菌生长有明显的促进作用,以鼠李糖、果糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖、甘露糖和木糖最好;PDA培养基中添加2%的不同的无机氮源对病原菌的生长有明显的促进作用。 相似文献
6.
基于目前橡胶树拟盘多毛孢叶斑病在境外主要植胶国爆发流行的态势,以及对天然橡胶产业经济带来的巨大影响。笔者前期对我国海南、云南、广东等省橡胶主产区的13个农场和胶园进行了病害踏查,在我国海南省乐东县志仲镇乐东保显农场发现了疑似橡胶树拟盘多毛孢叶斑病病样。本研究将该疑似病样病原菌进行分离、纯化和致病力测定,并通过形态学和分子系统学分析,确定该病原菌为新拟盘多毛孢属（Neopestalotiopsis）的Neopestalotiopsis aotearoa Maharachch., K.D. Hyde & Crous;基础生物学特性分析表明,该病原菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的适宜温度为28℃,孢子致死温度为50℃;适宜pH为6.5,最适碳源为蔗糖和D-葡萄糖,最适氮源为硝酸钾和大豆蛋白胨;最适培养基为PDA,培养8 d后产孢。初步明确了该病的病原及其基础生物学特性,为提前储备防治该病的相关技术措施提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
为了明确苦瓜双色平脐蠕孢叶斑病菌（Bipolaris bicolor）的生物学特性及其对杀菌剂的敏感性,研究了不同培养条件对该病原菌菌丝生长的影响,并测定了10种杀菌剂对该病原菌的抑制作用。结果表明：该病原菌菌丝生长最适温度为25~30 ℃,最适pH范围为6~7,适宜培养基为马铃薯蔗糖培养基（PSA）和玉米粉培养基（CMA）,持续黑暗和光暗交替有利于菌丝生长;不同碳源和氮源对菌丝生长的影响差异显著,其中葡萄糖和蛋白胨分别为最适碳源和氮源,菌丝生长致死温度为45 ℃。250 g/L苯醚甲环唑乳油毒力最强,EC50为0.0233 mg/L,其次为250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂、20%抑霉唑水乳剂和50%嘧菌环胺水分散粒剂。 相似文献
8.
9.
为有效控制贵州省独山县茶叶斑病的发生与危害,本文研究了该区域茶叶斑病的病原和生物学特性。结果表明,从该地区茶叶斑病组织中分离的代表性菌株GZDS2018BXT10的菌落形态、分生孢子器、分生孢子和厚垣孢子等形态与高粱附球菌（Epicoccum sorghinum）一致。对ITS、RBP2、TUB、rDNA-LSU核酸或基因进行测序,采用PAUP软件及最大简约法构建多基因系统发育树,结果表明,GZDS2018BXT10菌株与高粱附球菌模式菌株CBS179.80在系统发育树上聚为一支,自举支持率为100%。致病性试验表明,在室内和自然条件下,GZDS2018BXT10菌株可通过损伤方式导致茶树叶部产生病斑,符合柯赫氏法则。因此,确认该区域叶斑病病原为高粱附球菌（E. sorghinum）。菌株可在PDA、OA和MEA培养基上生长,GZDS2018BXT10菌株在OA培养基上生长速率最快,为(0.76±0.01) cm/d,显著高于MEA和PDA培养基（P<0.05）,在PDA上最适生长温度为22 ℃,最适pH为6.0。碳素营养和氮素营养均可影响菌丝的生长。 相似文献
10.
木薯新叶斑病病原鉴定及其生物学特性 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
2008和2009年在对木薯主产区病害的普查中,发现了一种新的叶斑病,命名为离孺孢叶斑病。形态观察结果表明,该病原菌分生孢子梗丛生,褐色,基细胞膨大呈半球形,成熟的分生孢子长椭圆形,两端钝圆,具5～8个隔膜,表明其为狗尾草离孺孢。ITS序列分析结果表明其和一株狗尾草离孺孢(EF452444)的序列同源性为99%。生物学特性研究结果表明,PDA培养基、28℃、pH7和光暗交替是菌落生长最适条件,D-葡萄糖和硝酸钠是其最适碳氮源,孢子萌发最适温度和致死温度分别为28℃和55℃5min。10种杀菌剂的室内筛选结果表明,咪鲜胺(25%咪鲜胺EC)的EC50值最小,抑菌效果最好。 相似文献
11.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
12.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
13.
Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
14.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
15.
Summary Flying aphids were trapped throughout the summer on a vertical net downwind of a plot of PVY-infected potato plants. Of 6769
individuals caught, 165 transmitted PVY to tobacco test seedlings. Of 119 species or species groups caught, 20 were found
to be vectors of which nine had not been recorded previously.Brachycaudus helichrysi, Myzus persicae, Phorodon humuli andAphis species accounted for 90% of transmissions andB. helichrysi alone for 52% of transmissions. The prospects of using this information to assess the amount of virus spread in a potato
crop and of forecasting the timing and abundance of the main vectors are discussed.
Zusammenfassung Im Abwind einer Parzelle mit PVY-infizierten Kartoffelpflanzen (7% PVYO, 4% PVYN, 89% beide) wurden fliegende Blattl?use in zwei vertikalen Netzen (4,4 m × 1,4 m mit hexagonalen L?chern mit 1,5 mm Durchmesser) gefangen und anschliessend auf Tabaks?mlinge überführt, um zu prüfen, ob sie PVY übertragen. Die Blattl?use wurden vom 8. Juni bis zum 8. August 1984 normalerweise an einem Tag pro Woche von 10 bis 17 Uhr gefangen. Im Laufe von 12 Fangtagen wurden 6769 sachte 52% der übertragungen bei nur 15% der totalen Fangzahl (Tab. 3).B. helichrysi mitMyzus persicae, Phorodon humuli und Species des GenusAphis ergaben sich als 90% der übertragenden Individuen bei nur 32% der gefangenen Proben. Acht Prozent der gefangenenB. helichrysi waren übertr?ger, dagegen nur 4,7% vonM. persicae. B. helichrysi k?nnte als Vektor besonders wichtig sein, weil sie in der Vegetationszeit Blattl?use von 119 Species oder Speciesgruppen gefangen, von denen 165 (2,44%) Tabak mit PVY inokulierten (Tab. 1). 133 Blattl?use übertrugen PVYO und 32 übertrugen PVYN (und m?glicherweise auch PVYO). 20 Species oder Speciesgruppen waren Vektoren, von denen 9 (Cryptomyzus ballotae, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Metopolophium festucae, Myzus ligustri, M. myosotidis, Myzaphis rosarum, Sitobion avenae, S. fragariae undUroleucon spp.) erstmalig beschriebene Vektoren sind.Brachycaudus helichrysi verurfrüh auftritt (Tab. 2), wenn die Pflanzen am anf?lligsten sind und die Virus-Translokation zu den Knollen am schnellsten stattfindet. Die Aussichten zum Gebrauch dieser Information zur Absch?tzung des Aufbaues von Virusbefall im Bestand und die Aussichten für eine Vorhersage der Menge der wichtigsten Vektoren werden diskutiert. Es ist dringend erforderlich, die Biologie vonB. helichrysi zu untersuchen.
Résumé Deux filets verticaux (4,40 m × 1,40 m à mailles héxagonales de 1,5 mm de diamètre) sont placés face au vent pour la capture des pucerons dans une parcelle de plants de pommes de terre contaminés par PVY (7% PVYO, 4% PVYN, 89% par les deux) puis les pucerons sont transferrés sur des plantules de tabac en milieu clos pour tester la transmission de PVY. Les captures de pucerons ont eu lieu du 8 juin au 8 ao?t 1984, en général à raison d'un journée par semaine, de 10 heures à 17 heures. Pendant les 12 premiers jours, 6769 pucerons de 119 espèces ou groupes d'espèces ont été capturés, les plantules de tabac ayant été inoculées par PVY avec 165 pucerons (2,44%) (tabl. 1). 133 pucerons étaient vecteurs de PVYO et 32 de PVYN (et probablement PVYO). 20 espèces ou groupes d'espèces étaient des vecteurs dont 9 récemment enregistrés (Cryptomyzus ballotae, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Metopolophium festucae, Myzus ligustri, M. myosotidis, Myzaphis rosarum, Sitobion avenae, S. fragariae etUroleucon spp.).Brachycaudus helichrysi représentait 52% des transmissions mais seulement 15% du total capturé (tabl. 3).B. helichrysi, Myzus persicae, Phorodon humuli et les espèces du gèneAphis représentaient 90% des transmissions et 32% des captures seulement. 8,0% deB. helichrysi capturé a transmis le virus contre, 4,7% pourM. persicae. B. helichrysi peut être particulièrement important comme vecteur dans la mesure ou il appara?t t?t en saison (tabl. 2) lorsque les plantes sont très sensibles et la translocation di virus aux tubercules la plus rapide. Les perspectives à partir de cette connaissance sont discutées en vue d'analyser l'évolution du virus dans une culture et les prévisions de l'abondance des plus importants vecteurs. Une plus grande connaissance de la biologie deB. helichrysi devient urgente.相似文献
16.
利用高通量测序分析明确玉米黑粉菌菌瘤内菌粉培养液中内生细菌种类，结合16SrDNA分析，分离并鉴定在培养液中占比最高的菌株。以溶菌酶及Amp处理玉米黑粉菌冬孢子为对照，显微镜下观察菌瘤内内生细菌对玉米黑粉菌冬孢子萌发的影响。结果表明，在4份样品的菌粉培养液中，肠杆菌属细菌的占比在90%以上。当肠杆菌大量增殖时对黑粉菌的冬孢子萌发产生影响，可引起黑粉菌的冬孢子发生质壁分离，释放原生质体，部分原生质体再生成菌体；也可以使冬孢子壁直接被降解，原生质体萎缩。研究发现，玉米黑粉菌菌瘤内的内生细菌以肠杆菌为主，该内生细菌对黑粉菌的冬孢子萌发产生影响。 相似文献
17.
Ulla Bång 《Potato Research》1989,32(1):101-112
Summary Various haulm treatments and harvest times differentially influenced the incidence of storage rots in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) in field experiments in Sweden performed over 4 years. The incidence of gangrene caused byPhoma foveata Foister (Phoma exigua var.foveata (Foister) Boerema) increased in cv. Bellona after spraying haulms with diquat as did the amount of infection caused byFusarium avenaceum (Corda ex. Fr.) Sacc. in all three cultivars (Bintje, Bellona, and Magnum Bonum). The lowestP. foveata infection levels occurred after pulling haulms. Late harvesting increased the frequency ofP. foveata in cvs Bintje and Bellona both at 2 and 4 wks interval between haulm treatment and harvest. Tuber and visible stem infection
caused byP. foveata were correlated for cvs Bintje and Bellona, but not for cv. Magnum Bonum. The possible relation between tuber and stem infection
is discussed. 相似文献
18.
先玉335、郑单958和京科968抗虫能力的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以先玉335、郑单958、京科968为材料,以玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、黏虫(Mythimna separata)和禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)为供试昆虫,探究玉米品系大喇叭口期对玉米螟和黏虫及抽雄期对禾谷缢管蚜抗性差异,测定其主要抗虫化合物丁布类物质的含量。结果发现,京科968对玉米螟及禾谷缢管蚜抗性均高于另外两个品系;对黏虫的抗性,郑单958和京科968高于先玉335。大喇叭口期京科968中丁布类物质含量最高,抽雄期郑单958和京科968中主要丁布成分含量均高于先玉335,上述组织中丁布合成相关基因在郑单958及京科968中的表达量也均高于先玉335。本研究揭示杂交玉米抗虫性与抗性相关化合物含量及其相关基因表达间存在正向相关关系,为抗虫玉米分子育种提供理论参考。 相似文献
19.
Summary The effect of the moisture level of potting compost at harvest on the susceptibility of tubers of three cultivars to late
blight was investigated in the glasshouse in three successive years. Three moisture regimes (dry, moist, wet) were imposed
at flowering time, the tubers harvested 3 weeks later and immediately dipped in a zoospore suspension ofPhytophthora infestans. Tubers from dry compost were significantly more susceptible than those from wet or moist compost, which showed similar levels
of susceptibility. 相似文献
20.
David Gramaje ngeles Aroca Rosa Raposo Jos García-Jimnez Josep Armengol 《Crop Protection》2009,28(12):1091-1097
The efficacy of fourteen selected fungicides against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum was evaluated in vitro by mycelial growth and conidial germination assays. Azoxystrobin, carbendazim and tebuconazole were the most effective fungicides against P. chlamydospora, while carbendazim and didecyldimethylammonium chloride were the most effective against P. aleophilum. An assay was also conducted with cubiet, hydroxyquinoline sulphate and didecyldimethylammonium chloride to determine their potential to prevent infections caused by these pathogens during the hydration stage in grapevine propagation. The results of this experiment demonstrated that P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum were able to infect healthy cuttings during the hydration stage and showed that didecyldimethylammonium chloride was consistently the best treatment as a disinfectant soak for grapevine cuttings. Additionally, semi-commercial trials were conducted in two grapevine nurseries to evaluate the effectiveness of several strategies with carbendazim, flusilazole and hydroxyquinoline sulphate at different nursery stages. Soaking planting material in carbendazim during the hydration stage was the most effective treatment since neither P. chlamydospora nor P. aleophilum were isolated from planting material in either nursery. 相似文献