共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
为探索甘蔗光合作用及光合能力的规律性,为甘蔗高光效品种选育与栽培,高光效亲本筛选提供理论参考。本文以甘蔗常用核心亲本93-159、CP72-1210和ROC26为材料,采用PAM-2500便携式荧光仪对甘蔗叶片叶绿素荧光参数原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、实际原初光能捕获效率Y(Ⅱ)、非光化学淬灭系数NPQ、光化学淬灭系数qP和光响应曲线参数(α、ETRm、Ik)值进行日变化研究。结果显示,甘蔗具有较强的光呼吸能力和光抑制自我保护能力,较高的光能利用效率,较低的饱和光强,吸收的光能较少地分配到热耗散,能保证吸收的光能最大程度进入电子传递系统进而进行碳固定。 相似文献
2.
用AFLP片段构建甘蔗祖亲种特异DNA探针 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
应用AFLP标记技术获得了甘蔗祖亲种的AFLP特异片段487条，对部分AFLP特异片段进行斑点杂交与Southern杂交分析，结果有5个可作为甘蔗属特异探针(a44，a59，b60，e42，d19)，2个可作为斑茅特异探针(f08，f16)。利用这些特异探针对参试的30份甘蔗种质进行了血缘测验，能较好地检测出这些种质的基因组构成。其中：崖城73／512、崖城57／25和崖城62／703份种质的血缘与系谱记录不符，均只含甘蔗属血缘而不含斑茅血缘；崖城96／46既含甘蔗属血缘，又含斑茅血缘，因而是甘蔗属与斑茅种杂交的真杂种。 相似文献
3.
武夷岩茶光合特性及品质成分比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对肉桂、金毛猴、铁罗汉、奇丹和雀舌5个福建省茶区主栽武夷岩茶品种的光合气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数和生化成分进行研究,分析武夷岩茶不同品种的光合生理特征及其品质的差别。结果表明:不同品种的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、光补偿点和光饱和点均存在较明显的差异,铁罗汉、奇丹和金毛猴具有较高的叶绿素含量、净光合速率和光饱和点,表现出较高的光合性能和生产潜力,光合特性优异;各品种净光合速率的日变化均为双峰曲线,光补偿点均较低,利用弱光的能力较强;金毛猴和奇丹具有较高的PSII原初光能转化效率和PSII反应中心潜在活性;不同品种的氨基酸、茶多酚和咖啡碱含量存在显著差异。从光合特性角度考虑,铁罗汉、奇丹和金毛猴适宜在福建茶区进一步推广种植。 相似文献
4.
《中国糖料》2021,(3)
亲本是甘蔗育种的物质基础,通过‘POJ’、‘Co’两大亲本系统培育出了大量突破性的甘蔗品种和亲本,对世界甘蔗育种和蔗糖产业的发展作出了重大贡献。但两大亲本系统的长期大量高频率使用,也是导致甘蔗亲本遗传基础狭窄、网络化、近亲化等严重问题的重要原因。云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所充分利用新原种采用对等杂交方式成功培育出了一批含新型独立血缘系统的亲本,突破了两大亲本系统的血缘限制。针对存在的主要问题:(1)保存在国家甘蔗种质资源圃内的优良性状热带原种少、资源缺乏,收集的其它栽培原种尤其种性优良的原种数量少;(2)原种开花难、花期相遇难,杂交成功率低,创制新独立亲本时难于做到完全有效利用、同一个亲本原种不重复、选配组合时性状完全互补等;(3)目前已利用的栽培原数量总共仅16个,不同亲本间血缘交叉难以避免。建议使用时针对新型独立亲本系统的特点,谨慎选用含‘斑茅’血缘的亲本、避免选用在新独立亲本系统间有血缘交叉的组合,才是充分发挥杂种优势培育突破性品种的关键;继续加大新优良热带原种的引进和利用力度、高度重视地方种的利用与正确使用含新独立血缘系统的优良亲本,培育性状更为优良的新型独立系统的亲本,才能不断选育出甘蔗新品种、促进蔗糖产业持续稳定的发展。 相似文献
5.
《中国糖料》2019,(2)
在2008年至2018年的10年时间中,云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所瑞丽育种站以大茎野生种57NG208为核心创新种质,先后与含割手密、斑茅、热带种等野生种质血缘的甘蔗亲本进行远缘杂交,创制了一批云瑞系列甘蔗亲本。本文通过对45份参试材料的亲本血缘、产量和糖分数据的整理,采用聚类分析对大茎野生种57NG208在瑞丽站甘蔗育种中的利用情况进行研究。结果表明,大茎野生种57NG208是瑞丽甘蔗育种站甘蔗杂交育种中的高频应用亲本,也是为数不多既可作为父本也可做母本使用的杂交亲本之一,其作为母本杂交应用较多,后代性状表现非常突出。采用大茎野生种57NG208与瑞丽割手密、斑茅、热带种杂交,选育了大批优良杂种后代,虽然迄今尚未育成生产品种,但近年来含大茎野生种57NG208血缘BC_1、BC_2杂种的育成却标志着其杂交利用取得了重大的突破。本研究参试的45份大茎野生种57NG208远缘杂交材料,有8份材料的11月份糖分超过双对照,3份材料介于双对照之间;有21份材料的蔗茎产量超过双对照,6份材料介于双对照之间;有2份材料糖分和蔗茎产量均超过双对照。 相似文献
6.
甘蔗亲本的创新与利用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
亲本创新对扩大栽培甘蔗遗传基础及选育突破性的新品种具有重大意义。我国海南甘蔗育种场自1953年建场起就开展甘蔗亲本创新和利用的研究，50多年来，在热带种、割手密、大茎野生种和近缘属植物斑茅利用方面取得了可喜的成就。我国近年来使用的293份常用亲本中，220份为自育品种(品系)，约占75％，其中广州甘蔗糖业研究所及其下属场选育的材料约占自育亲本材料的56％。海南甘蔗育种场通过“高贵化”育种途径，利用大茎野生种和当地割手密选育出导入新的野生种血缘的崖城73—226、崖城58—43、崖城58—47和崖城82—108等创新材抖。至今，我国自育品种中至少有17个品种含有当地割手密的血缘，1个品种为大茎野生种的后代。在斑茅利用方面，海南甘蔗育种场于2001年获得了一批斑茅蔗BC，真杂种，并于2003年育成一批BC2后代。 相似文献
7.
甘蔗苗期不同叶位叶绿素荧光特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确不同叶位和叶片不同部位叶绿素荧光特性的分布规律及其随生长时间的变化规律,进而实现甘蔗光合潜力的快速评价,本研究通过桶栽试验对3个甘蔗主栽品种（ROC22、ROC16、桂柳05-136）不同叶位和叶片不同部位的叶绿素荧光特性进行比较分析,并研究叶绿素荧光参数对生长时间的响应。结果表明：光系统II（PSII）量子效率（ΦII）随着倒数叶位的增加而下降,在叶片不同部位之间表现为叶中部>叶尖端>叶基部,相同叶位不同品种间ΦII的差异不显著;可调节性能量耗散（ΦNPQ）则随着倒数叶位的增加而上升;非调节性能量耗散（ΦNO）在不同叶位（除倒四叶）及品种间并无显著差异。随着生长时间的推进,上部叶位具有较高的ΦII和较低的ΦNPQ;中部叶位的ΦII和光化学猝灭（qL）变化很小;下部叶位在叶片生长的前两周,能量分配在ΦII和ΦNPQ之间进行,ΦNO基本保持不变;而超过3周后,3个供试品种的ΦII、qL和最大光能利用效率（Fv/Fm）均有不同程度的下降,降幅为ΦII>qL>Fv/Fm,同时伴随着ΦNO的增加。上述结果表明光能利用效率以上部叶位最高,中部叶位稳定,而下部叶位最低且差异较为显著。而不同叶位相对电子传递速率（rETR）对生长时间的响应研究表明,在苗期上部第一片全展叶的中部叶位光能转化能力最强,可选择该叶片的中部叶位进行叶绿素荧光特性横向比较。本研究初步明确了不同叶位光能的利用效率及其随生长时间的变化趋势,为如何选择合适的叶位进行叶绿素荧光检测,进而开展甘蔗冠层光合潜力的快速评价奠定基础。 相似文献
8.
不同油菜品种角果光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数的差异 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
通过气体交换和荧光猝灭动力学等技术研究了4个不同熟期冬油菜品种的角果光合特性和叶绿素a荧光参数。结果表明：不同油菜品种角果皮叶绿素含量存在明显差异,早熟品种角果发育前期叶绿素含量随生育进程上升较快,但后期下降也快;叶绿素含量与籽粒产量、含油量之间无显著相关。油菜产量、含油量和角果发育期间的光能利用率存在一定相关性,其中华协102和同富油3号光能利用率较高,产量与含油量也较高。不同品种角果皮叶绿素a荧光参数—光合有效量子产量(EQY)、光合电子传递速率(ETR )、光化学淬灭(qP)和非光化学淬灭（NPQ)存在较大差异,华协102和同富油3号的角果皮天线色素对光能吸收及电子传递链效率优于其它品种,在光能转化利用中占有优势,其ETR、EQY、qP值较高,NPQ较低。可见,晚熟和杂交品种的产量高于早熟和常规品种与其后期角果皮光能利用率和电子传递链效率较高等生理因素有关。 相似文献
9.
10.
为了明确不同类型小黑麦产量形成的光合特性,以加工型品种东农8809、饲用型品种东农5305和粮饲兼用型品种东农96026为材料,采用随机区组试验,探讨了不同类型小黑麦主要生育阶段叶绿素荧光参数、光合参数、叶绿素相对含量以及产量的差异。结果表明,加工型品种东农8809生育后期PSⅡ最大光化学效率下降幅度大,非光化学系数高,光能消耗大,籽粒产量形成受到限制;饲用型品种东农5303扬花前光合能力较强,生物产量潜力高,花后非光化学淬灭系数增加量大,花后叶绿素相对含量迅速下降,叶片衰老快;粮饲兼用型品种东农96026净光合速率高,开花后叶绿素相对含量降幅小,叶片衰老慢,光化学淬灭系数高,PSⅡ电子传递活性大,成熟期最大荧光产量和最大光化学效率大及籽粒产量潜力高。说明不同类型小黑麦光合特性不同,花后较强的光合能力是籽粒产量高的基础;对于粮饲兼用型小黑麦来说,较小的热耗散释放比例及较高的花后光合能力是其以大穗实现较高籽粒产量的途径。 相似文献
11.
12.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
15.
16.
Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献