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1.
用沙门氏菌50115号菌对银鲫(Caiassius auratus gibelio)及小白鼠(km)攻毒(7.5×108个菌感染)成功,而且鱼对该菌比小白鼠更敏感,症状更突出;银鲫的24 h LD50为3×107个/mL;抑菌实验结果表明红霉素、痢特灵、庆大霉素、二氯异氰尿酸钠对该菌有抑制作用;把二氯异氰尿酸钠、痢特灵、红霉素,三种药物按0.4 mg/kg、1 mg/kg、0.4 mg/kg三种剂量对病鱼进行药浴,并结合投喂相应药饵,治愈率分别为60%、100%、80%.  相似文献   

2.
猪增生性肠炎模型的建立及其病理学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了复制猪增生性肠炎病的模型并进行病理学观察,试验将临床检测胞内劳森菌为阴性的6～7周龄非免疫健康仔猪6头随机分为攻毒组(4头)与对照组(2头),攻毒组口服接种猪源胞内劳森菌GXNN株30 mL/头·次,对照组口服接种无菌稀释液30 mL/头·次.感染后分别于21天和56天剖杀感染组仔猪2头和对照组仔猪1头,观察病理变化并采集病变组织器官.结果表明:感染猪临床上出现短暂的体温升高、轻度腹泻等症状,粪便中检出胞内劳森菌.剖检可见腹股沟淋巴结及肠系膜淋巴结呈灰白色肿胀,肠系膜小血管扩张、充血;回肠黏膜褶皱呈脑回状;肝脏出现局部轻度淤血.组织病理学主要表现为猪回肠、结肠集合淋巴小结增多、增大,腺窝内杯状细胞消失,部分腺窝不成熟的上皮细胞增生,腺窝之间的周围组织有嗜酸性粒细胞和淋巴细胞浸润;肝脏的窦状隙有局灶性出血,其他组织器官病变不明显.经过免疫组化和原位杂交试验可见回肠、结肠的腺窝内和腺上皮细胞的胞浆内有染成棕黄色或蓝紫色的菌体.  相似文献   

3.
试验采用普通长白系仔猪建立猪链球菌2型动物模型,并进行详细的病理学观察。将8头仔猪随机分为试验组和对照组,用猪链球菌2型菌血静脉接种试验组,对照组接种生理盐水2 mL/头。攻毒猪5 d内全部死亡, 主要表现为脑膜炎、心外膜炎、关节炎和败血症等典型症状和病理变化,与自然感染情况相似。从感染死亡猪肺、脾、肝、心中均分离到与攻毒菌株相同的细菌。证明猪链球菌2型菌血静脉接种普通长白系仔猪可以复制出典型病例,成功建立了动物模型,对SS2致病性研究具有重要意义。  相似文献   

4.
应用本实验室构建的嵌合型猪圆环病毒(PCV1-2)及真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/V5-His-ORF2作为免疫原免疫母源抗体ELISA效价在0.07～0.60不等的商品猪,9头猪随机分为4组,1组(3头)肌肉注射免疫103.5TCID50的PCV1-2/头,2组(2头)肌肉注射真核表达质粒200μg/头,3组(2头)肌肉注射空载体(pcDNA3.1)200 μg/头,4组(2头)不免疫作为攻毒对照组.于免疫后42 d,PCV1-2组及真核表达质粒组产生了PCV2抗体.免疫后42 d所有组攻毒PCV2和PRRSV,剂量分别为2×104.5TCID50/头和106TCID50/头.攻毒后21 d,攻毒对照组猪淋巴结比免疫组显著肿大,免疫组猪血清、淋巴结中PCV2病毒载量低于对照组,攻毒对照组猪淋巴结中PCV2抗原含量高于免疫组.这些结果表明,嵌合型PCV1-2及真核表达质粒肌肉注射免疫商品猪后,对PCV2感染能产生保护性免疫应答,有可能成为候选疫苗.  相似文献   

5.
以 2× 1 0 5EID50 的低致病性禽流感病毒 ( mildly pathogenic avian influenza virus,MPAIV)、2× 1 0 6 EID50 新城疫病毒 L asota株( Newcastle disease virus Lasota strain,NDVL asota)气管内注射 1 0日龄 SPF鸡 ,2 4h后 ,同剂量、同法重复感染一次 ;48h后 ,分别气管内注射较低致病性禽病原性大肠杆菌 1 2 0( O1 8)和 1 73( O2 6 )株 ,2× 1 0 7CFU/羽 ,2 4h后同剂量、同法重复攻毒一次 ,连续观察 1 0d。结果 :MPAIV单独感染组死亡率为 53% ;NDV Lasota株单独攻毒组未见死亡 ;大肠杆菌 1 2 0株单独攻毒组死亡率为 40 % ,1 73株单独攻毒组死亡率为 7% ;MPAIV与大肠杆菌1 2 0株联合攻毒组的死亡率为 87% ,NDV L a-sota株与 1 2 0株联合攻毒组的死亡率为 40 % ;MPAIV与大肠杆菌 1 73株联合攻毒组的死亡率为 80 % ,NDV Lasota株与 1 73株联合攻毒组的死亡率为 2 0 %。  相似文献   

6.
猪支原体肺炎活疫苗(168株)是一种以肺内注射途径免疫的弱毒活疫苗。为了拓展猪支原体肺炎活疫苗的免疫途径,评估猪支原体肺炎活疫苗(168株)配合佐剂以肌肉注射方式免疫猪群后的攻毒保护效果,选取20头7日龄猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Mhp)阴性仔猪,将其随机平均分成4组,分别为健康对照组、感染对照组、肌肉注射免疫组和肺内注射免疫组。在免疫后采集血样并检测其中的Mhp IgG抗体,在首次免疫后42 d人工感染Mhp组织毒(JS株),攻毒28 d后评估肺脏的病变情况并测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的Mhp含量。结果显示：免疫后肌肉注射免疫组动物产生了明显的Mhp特异性血清IgG抗体,而肺内注射免疫组动物在攻毒前未见明显的血清抗体;肌肉注射免疫组和肺内注射免疫组的攻毒保护率分别平均为88.89%和75.93%,且组间无显著性差异;感染对照组的BALF中Mhp单位含量极显著高于肌肉注射免疫组和肺内注射免疫组(P<0.01),2个免疫组间无显著性差异。结果表明：猪支原体活疫苗配合佐剂后经肌肉注射免疫可产生较好的免疫攻毒保护效果。本研究为猪支原体肺炎活...  相似文献   

7.
猪三联苗免疫51—60日龄断奶前仔猪对猪瘟免疫期试验,是用人工接种猪瘟强毒致病的猪与试验猪、对照猪一起同圈感染,其结果免疫51日龄仔猪经7.5个月100%保护;免疫60日龄仔猪经6个月75%保护;另一组免疫60日龄仔猪经9个月,感染观察22天均健活,用猪瘟毒1毫升肌注后,对照猪于15天死亡,免疫猪100%保护。免疫猪与对照猪在攻毒前采取血清,用中和反应测定猪瘟免疫抗体及其效价的结果,共测14头中有5头猪血清中无中和抗体,家兔体温呈现热反应(其中对照猪3头均死亡,另2头免疫猪死亡一头,感染发病耐过1头),另9头免疫猪血清有中和抗体,试验兔无体温反应,攻猪瘟毒后均健活。被检血清中和效价一般在4—32倍之间。免疫7.5个月组的猪中和效价个别达到128倍,免疫9个月组的猪也有达到64倍的。田间试验免疫15,225头,其中发生反应17头,占11/千,死亡3头,占2/万,留养观察6236头,发病率9.64%,死亡率1.59%,没有猪瘟、猪丹毒病的发生。  相似文献   

8.
《中国兽医学报》2015,(11):1727-1734
本实验室2014年从福建省龙岩市某规模化猪场疑似猪伪狂犬病发病仔猪的脑组织中分离到1株猪伪狂犬病毒变异株,命名为PRV Fujian-LY株。为了研究Fujian-LY株对免疫仔猪的致病性,将8头20龄的PRV抗原、gE抗体均为阴性,gB抗体均为阳性仔猪随机分为3组,其中2组(每组3头猪)分别通过肌肉注射和滴鼻接种Fujian-LY株,第3组2头仔猪做阴性对照。试验仔猪接种病毒24h后体温均开始升高,随着病程发展,呼吸系统症状明显,滴鼻接种组仔猪发病明显快于肌肉注射组,所有攻毒仔猪虽均有发病但未出现死亡。通过病理剖检、PCR鉴定、病毒分离培养、易感动物感染试验及gE抗体ELISA检测证实Fujian-LY株人工攻毒试验成功。gE抗体检测结果表明所有攻毒仔猪攻毒后7dPRV gE抗体开始阳转。对发病仔猪剖检可见,脑积液明显增多,脑膜血管充血,并伴有出血等典型的伪狂犬病病理变化。病理切片观察结果显示发病仔猪脑实质中小血管扩张充血,血管周围有淋巴细胞包围"血管套"现象,其他主要脏器也均有明显的病理变化。试验结果表明PRV Fujian-LY株为伪狂犬病毒强毒株。  相似文献   

9.
从湖南3个高热病发病猪场11头病死猪的病料组织中均分离出了大肠杆菌,经血清学鉴定,鞭毛抗原(K88、K99、987P和F41)全为阴性反应。经过157种菌体抗原血清学检测,血清型为5、6、15、22、32和83型。药物敏感试验结果表明,分离的大肠杆菌对大多数常用药物耐药,对氟喹诺酮和头孢类药物敏感。将其中4头猪原代分离的大肠菌培养物以原倍(2×107个/mL)、104和108稀释的菌液分别感染18~22 g小白鼠,原倍菌液感染的小白鼠12/30在感染后24 h内出现死亡,而104和108稀释菌液感染的小白鼠均健活;将未经除菌的病死猪组织悬液、过滤除菌的组织悬液、大肠杆菌、过滤除菌的组织悬液及大肠杆菌分别感染30日龄左右的健康小猪,除未经除菌的组织悬液感染猪3/3发病,2/3死亡外,其余所有感染猪只出现体温升高,升幅达1~2℃,减食,精神萎靡,但没有死亡;将死亡猪再次分离到的大肠杆菌感染小白鼠和猪,小白鼠12/15出现死亡,感染猪只出现体温升高(超过1℃),没有出现死亡。结果证明:大肠杆菌在高热病的发病过程中只起协同诱发作用,引起猪发病死亡的真正原因可能是病毒感染。  相似文献   

10.
以副猪嗜血杆菌DZ02分离株为抗原研制的副猪嗜血杆菌油乳剂灭活疫苗物理性状稳定,安全性良好,并具有较好的免疫保护效力。含菌数为8×108CFU/头副猪嗜血杆菌油乳剂灭活疫苗加强免疫后14d可有效保护免疫猪免受同源副猪嗜血杆菌菌株攻毒发病,在德州市5个规模化猪场实际应用可保护大群发病率降低至1.9%,比未免疫猪群发病率下降9.0%,且5个免疫猪群的副猪嗜血杆菌病的发病率均控制在2.5%以下。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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