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1.
本文以尾叶桉(Eucalypt urophylla)U6的无菌苗茎段为材料,选用MS培养基为基本培养基,研究不同IAA浓度对尾叶桉茎段愈伤组织诱导,不同IAA、6-BA浓度对尾叶桉茎段愈伤组织诱导芽、生根的影响。结果表明,当外植体的接种数一样,IAA的浓度为20.0mg/L时,愈伤组织诱导率达到最高,为95%,且此浓度下,出芽率、生根率最高,分别达43.3%和100%,而添加0.5mg/L6-BA则会抑制芽的再生、不能产生根。因此最适合诱导尾叶桉愈伤组织、再生芽和再生根的培养体系是MS+20.0mg/L IAA+30g/L蔗糖+8g/L琼脂。该再生系统的建立将为转基因技术改良桉树性状提供前提条件。 相似文献
2.
铝胁迫对黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以多花黑麦草为试材,通过水培试验,研究铝浓度对黑麦草种子萌发及其幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：（1）10～50 mg/L铝浓度对黑麦草种子发芽指数和发芽率无显著影响（p〉0.05）,而铝浓度介于100～500 mg/L时,与对照相比,黑麦草种子发芽指数和发芽率显著降低（p〈0.05）;（2）铝浓度介于10～500 mg/L时,显著抑制黑麦草幼苗株高及其根的生长（p〈0.05）,且随着铝浓度的增加抑制作用越强,当铝浓度介于100～500 mg/L时,黑麦草根系停止生长;（3）铝浓度显著影响了黑麦草的质膜透性,与对照相比,10 mg/L铝浓度显著降低了其质膜透性（p〈0.05）;而50～500 mg/L铝浓度则使黑麦草质膜透性显著增加（p〈0.05）。 相似文献
3.
蓼科、禾本科植物细胞膜对铝胁迫反应的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以4种蓼科植物(荞麦、金荞麦、虎杖、无辣蓼)和2种禾本科植物(水稻、小麦)为材料,比较研究不同科属植物的细胞膜对铝胁迫反应的差异。结果表明:(1)6种植物叶片的游离脯氨酸含量、MDA含量和根系质膜透性均随着Al3 胁迫浓度增加而增大,禾本科植物的游离脯氨酸含量高于4种蓼科植物,荞麦、金荞麦的质膜透性、MDA含量高于虎杖、无辣蓼、水稻、小麦。(2)荞麦、小麦叶片的SOD和POD活性随Al3 胁迫浓度持续增长,虎杖和水稻持续下降,金荞麦和无辣蓼在25 mg/L Al3 处理时最高,100 mg/L Al3 胁迫明显降低。综合细胞膜对铝胁迫反应的各种特征,可以说明蓼科植物细胞膜透性变化是Al3 引发氧化胁迫的一种受损表现,而禾本科植物细胞膜透性变化是对A3 胁迫的一种适应性反应。 相似文献
4.
随着市场经济的发展,市场对于桉树旋切单板的需求量也越来越多。基于此,对南方的桉树加工旋切单板的综合利用进行探讨,对南方桉树木材的性质、背面裂缝率及旋切单板的厚度偏差进行检测分析,并对旋切单板的适应性给予探索。结果表明,对于单板厚度的变动系数和背面裂缝率来说,尾叶桉远远低于尾巨桉,对于旋切厚度为1.7 mm的单板,尾叶桉的材质比较好。 相似文献
5.
通过对海南刚果12桉、尾叶桉、窿缘桉3种桉树Cu元素的积累、循环进行比较研究。结果表明,刚果12桉、尾叶桉、窿缘桉3种桉树Cu元素平均含量为4.61,3.45,4.36 m g/kg;林分积累量为0.350 3,0.397 6,0.1167kg/hm2。年存留量尾叶桉>刚果12桉>窿缘桉;年归还量刚果12桉>尾叶桉>窿缘桉;刚果12桉、尾叶桉年吸收量分别是窿缘桉的2.7,2.6倍;刚果12桉、窿缘桉、尾叶桉循环系数分别为0.66,0.63,0.53。两种林分特征下尾叶桉Cu元素的含量存在差异,林下有植被的林分和林下无植被的林分Cu元素含量分别为17.15,13.48 m g/kg,林分积累量为0.534 4,0.336 8 kg/hm2。林下有植被的林分和无林下植被的林分Cu元素年存留量分别为0.106 8,0.067 3 kg/(hm2.a);年归还量为0.247 4,0.160 0 kg/(hm2.a);年吸收量分别为0.354 2,0.227 3 kg/(hm2.a);循环系数分别为0.70和0.71。 相似文献
6.
7.
采用人工模拟酸雨的实验设计,以国家农业地理标志产品香青菜（Brassica chinensis L.）为实验材料,以叶片喷施蒸馏水为对照（CK）,设置直接喷施pH3.0的酸雨（SY）和10mg·L−1浓度五酸钾溶液预处理后再喷施pH3.0的酸雨（WS）两个处理组。测定并比较分析各处理组香青菜根系活力、质膜透性（MP）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、超氧阴离子自由基产生速率和脯氨酸（PRO）含量,研究酸雨胁迫对香青菜主要生理指标的影响和五酸钾对酸雨胁迫伤害香青菜的缓解效应,从而探索五酸钾对酸雨胁迫下植物幼苗的防护效果。结果表明,叶面喷施浓度10mg·L−1的五酸钾溶液能够显著提高酸雨胁迫下香青菜根系活力、CAT活性,保护了细胞质膜,有效降低香青菜体内PRO含量及超氧阴离子自由基产生速率。说明五酸钾可缓解酸雨对香青菜的生理伤害,对提高香青菜抗酸雨伤害能力具有优良效果。 相似文献
8.
铝胁迫对决明属水土保持牧草幼苗根系的影响 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
耐铝能力对红、黄壤山区水土保持牧草的生长具有重要影响。AFT2 2 17(C .nictitans)、CPI3 472 1(C .rotundi folia)和CPI8613 4(C .rotundifolia)三个决明品系水土保持牧草耐铝能力均较强 ,但对Al3+ 敏感性有差异 ,按反应强弱排序为 :CPI8613 4>AFT2 2 17>CPI3 472 1;经 6个Al浓度梯度处理 ,从主根长、侧根数、根细胞质膜透性等指标分析 ,三个决明品系中CPI3 472 1的幼苗耐铝能力相对较强 ,AFT2 2 17、CPI8613 4耐铝能力稍弱 ,铝毒临界值前者为 60mg/L ,后两者为 40mg/L。同时试验表明决明品系水土保持牧草的根系需要适量铝的刺激 ,才能生长得更好 相似文献
9.
采用室内淋洗方法研究了尾叶桉、藜蒴和湿地松3种林木凋落叶分解过程中淋滤液性质及其对赤红壤B、Zn吸附-解吸的影响。每2个月淋洗一次凋落叶,共6次。结果表明,尾叶桉、藜蒴和湿地松凋落叶失重率分别为29.37%、13.37%和4.68%;3种凋落叶淋滤液均呈酸性,pH值介于5.08~6.37,其中藜蒴最高,尾叶桉最低;淋滤液电导率,B、Zn浓度均以藜蒴最大,湿地松最小,树种间差异显著(p<0.05);各指标在分解过程中呈先降后回升的趋势。用淋滤液浸提赤红壤时,前3次淋滤液中的B被土壤吸附,平均吸附量尾叶桉(0.821 mg/kg)>藜蒴(0.428 mg/kg)>湿地松(0.394 mg/kg);后3次淋滤液使土壤B解吸,平均解吸量尾叶桉(0.419 mg/kg)>湿地松(0.392 mg/kg)>藜蒴(0.238 mg/kg)。与B不同,土壤从3种凋落叶的各次淋滤液中均吸附Zn,平均吸附量藜蒴(0.522 mg/kg)>尾叶桉(0.391 mg/kg)>湿地松(0.100 mg/kg)。表明3个树种的凋落叶淋滤液性质相似,对B、Zn的影响规律基本一致,但影响程度有显著差异。3种凋落叶分解均能增加赤红壤Zn含量,但无助于提高土壤原有Zn的有效性;对B的影响则因分解期而异。 相似文献
10.
以两个大豆 [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] 品种（耐铝性大豆浙春2号和铝敏感性大豆华春18）的边缘细胞为材料,比较研究了Al3+对根尖原位边缘细胞释放以及对离体边缘细胞的毒害作用。结果显示,0、100、200 μmol/L Al3+处理后,浙春2号和华春18的根尖边缘细胞在水中均易分散,华春18的边缘细胞在300 μmol/L的Al3+处理时已聚集成团不易分散,而浙春2号的边缘细胞在400 μmol/LAl3+处理时才不易分散。Al3+对离体边缘细胞有明显的毒害作用,100 μmol/L Al3+处理1～ 6 h就表现出细胞死亡症状,毒害作用最大时出现在6 h之后,其中Al3+对华春18的毒害作用略高于浙春2号。系列浓度Al3+ （0、100、200、300、400 μmol/L Al3+）处理,100 mol/ L Al3+处理的离体边缘细胞存活率已出现较大幅度的下降,至400 mol/L Al3+处理时,浙春2号和华春18的相对存活率分别只有对照的45.9%和39.0%。 说明外界Al3+浓度升高不仅影响边缘细胞的释放,而且显著降低离体边缘细胞的存活率,毒害作用最大时出现在6 h之后。大豆品种间细胞对Al3+的反应存在一定差异,随时间变化,差异最大时在6 h。 相似文献
11.
根据巨尾桉林分生长及林下土壤调查资料 ,采用人工神经网络方法 ,探讨影响闽南山地巨尾桉生长的土壤主导因子 ,建立了巨尾桉生长与土壤主导因子关系的BP调控模型。结果表明 :限制闽南山地巨尾桉速生丰产的土壤主导因子为土壤毛管持水量、腐殖质层厚度、土层厚度及有效磷 ,其与巨尾桉生长形成是一种非线性映射关系 ,所建立的BP模型对模拟预测巨尾桉生长具有较高的精度 ,平均模拟精度达 96.39% ,效果比传统线性回归模型来的更理想。这不仅为提高巨尾桉人工林生产力 ,培育速生丰产林提供科学依据 ,而且也为人工神经网络在选择适宜造林立地条件研究中的应用开辟新的思路 相似文献
12.
Yee-Shian Wong Soon-An Ong Tjoon-Tow Teng L. Nabilah Aminah Kasthuri Kumaran 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(7):3775-3781
Staphylococcus cohnii ssp. was found to produce a bioflocculant with high flocculating activity for kaolin suspension. Using optimized culture conditions, a flocculating activity of 70.3?% at a bioflocculation concentration of 0.3?mg/L at pH 7 with Ca2+ as the cation and 88.9?% in 1.2?mg/L of bioflocculant concentration for Al3+ as the cation was obtained for bacteria that were incubated at temperature of 40?°C for 2-day incubation period. It was found to be effective for flocculation of a kaolin suspension over weakly acidic pH (6?C8); divalent and trivalent (Ca2+ and Al3+) enhanced the flocculating activity. This bioflocculant possesses a good flocculating activity, which can be promoted by the addition of trivalent and bivalent cations in kaolin suspension. 相似文献
13.
Scandium (Sc3+) is a rare earth whose uptake and physiological function mimics Al3+. In sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] root tips (1 cm), nonextractable (water and EDTA (15 mM)] Sc3+ (1 mM) increased as the pH of the growing medium decreased (pH 6.0 . pH 4.0) in Funk G522DR (an add soil stress sensitive cultivar). Nonextractable Sc3+ did not increase in root tips of the two acid soil stress tolerant cultivars SC574 and SC283. Water extractable Sc3+ varied by genotype and was SC 283 ≥ SC574 > Funk G522DR. These short term (10 min) sorption studies show a major pH influence on Sc3+ content of Funk G522DR, but not in SC283 and SC574 that cannot be due to mucigel contents. 相似文献
14.
W. Veitrup 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(5):349-361
Experiments were performed to test the effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+ upon ATPases (E.C. 3.6.1.3) from barley roots (Hordeum distichon L. cv. MULTUM) that had or had not taken up Al3+. Furthermore, the effect of the uptake period was examined. With longer duration of the Al3+ uptake, the activity of the ATPases dropped, independently of whether they were activated by Ca2+ or by Mg2+. Mg2+ stimulated the activity of the ATPases if no Al3+ had been taken up with lacking Ca2+ in the assay. If Al3+ had been taken up no additional activation by Mg2+ to the Ca2+ stimulation could be observed, and in some cases Mg2+ decreased the Ca2+ stimulation. 相似文献
15.
Ferenc Zsoldos Ágnes Vashegyi Lajos Bona Attila Pécsváradi Zsolt Szegletes 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):913-926
Effects of various aluminum (AlCl3) concentration and exposure times (6, 12, and 24 h and 3 d) on growth and potassium (K) transport were studied in two wheat species (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Jubilejnaja 50 and Triticum durum Desf. cv. GK Betadur) grown in low salt conditions hydroponically. In longer (3 d) Al exposure times at pH 4.1, the inhibition of root growth appeared at 10 μM Al3+ treatment in GK Betadur, and at 50 μM Al3+ treatment in Jubilejnaja 50. Shoot growth was not influenced by Al3+ treatment, except at 100 μM in 7 d experiments. In 6, 12, and 24 h Al3+ exposure times, at low pH, the K+(86Rb) influx in roots increased as the Al3+ concentration increased in the outer medium in both species. It also appeared in K+(86Rb) transport toward the shoots, except by higher Al3+ treatments of GK Betadur seedlings. At the same time, in longer‐term (3 d) Al3+ treatments, a striking inhibition were observed in K+(86Rb) influx and K+ concentration of roots and shoots. The K+concentration of roots and shoots measured at the end of 24 h Al3+ exposure times was significantly not affected by Al3+ treatment. Durum wheat proved to be more sensitive to the Al toxicity than common winter wheat. 相似文献
16.
B. S. COULTER 《European Journal of Soil Science》1969,20(1):72-83
Conventional K: Al exchange isotherms for montmorillonite showed that Al3+ was strongly preferred to K+ in o-oin solutions. The exchange coefficient, K', calculated using the isotopically exchangeable K, was greater than unity and did not vary with the Al-saturation or with the initial pH of the AlCl3 solutions. Isotherms for vermiculite, illite, and soils in o·oin solutions also showed Al3+-preference but unlike those for montmorillonite were not asymptotic to qAl/qo= 1, qAl being the amount of adsorbed Al and qo the total adsorbed (Al + K), indicating that some of the isotopically exchangeable K could not easily be exchanged by Al3+ ions; this difficultly exchangeable K (DEK) was estimated for each exchanger. K' values for vermiculite, illite, and soils were less than unity and did not vary with Al-saturation or initial pH if the isotopically exchangeable K was corrected for DEK. This showed that K+ was adsorbed more strongly than Al3+. Strengths of K+ adsorption referred to Al3+ as the counter-cation were in order: soils > vermiculite, illite > montmorillonite. 相似文献
17.
非损伤微测技术(Non-invasive Micro-test Technology, NMT)是一种通过微电极实时测定进出活体材料离子和小分子流速的技术,已广泛应用于植物的生长发育和逆境胁迫等研究领域中。目前该技术专用的重金属微电极种类非常少,因此其在重金属胁迫研究中的应用也受到了限制。本文在前期工作的基础上开发了一种基于非损伤微测技术的Zn~(2+)选择性微电极,首次实现了活体条件下植物根际Zn~(2+)离子流的实时、动态检测。研发的微电极在去离子水中对Zn~(2+)的线性响应范围为10–6～10~(–1) mol/L,能斯特斜率为30.2mV/decade(浓度每增加或减少10倍电位值的变化),响应时间t_(95%)≤1s,正常工作pH范围为3.5～7.0;在简易模拟土壤溶液(0.1mmol/L Ca(NO_3)_2、0.1 mmol/L KNO_3、0.1 mmol/L Mg(NO_3)_2和1 mmol/L NaNO_3)中,其线性响应范围变为5×10~(-5)～10~(-1) mol/L,能斯特斜率为28.1mV/decade,对土壤溶液中的共存阳离子具有较好的抗干扰性。利用构建的非损伤微测Zn~(2+)选择性微电极对Zn/Cd超积累植物伴矿景天(Sedum plumbizincicola)根际不同微区的Zn~(2+)离子流进行了实时检测。该技术的成功研发为活体条件下深入认识Zn~(2+)在植物根际的微界面过程与机制提供了一种强有力的研究手段。 相似文献
18.
Wang Fenghai Couillard Denis Auclair Jean-Christian Campbell Peter G. C. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1998,108(1-2):33-49
Alum sludge derived from a municipal wastewater plant was used as a soil amendment in a greenhouse study with barley (Hordeum vulgare) as the test crop. Treatment variables included the soil pH (4.5, 5.1 and 6.5), the amount of Al in the sludge (control = 30 mg AlT/g; alum sludges = 38 and 52 mg AlT/g), and the sludge application rate (100 and 270 kg NT/ha). Soil amendment with the two alum sludges reduced soil pH, increased Al3+ activity in the soil solution, and reduced barley growth over the 6-week experiment. Barley growth decreased as the Al3+ activity in the sludged soil solution increased, but for a given Al3+ the phytotoxicity of Al was markedly pH dependent. For example, at a pH of 5.0 ± 0.1 an Al3+ activity of 0.5 μM was sufficient to inhibit plant growth by about 50% this IC50 value increased five-fold to about 2.5 μM when the soil pH was 4.5 ± 0.1. This decrease in the toxicity of Al50 with acidification was explained in terms of a competitive interaction between the H+-ion and Al3+ at the root surface. Stepwise multiple regression allowed the prediction of aerial leaf biomass from soil pH and sludge application rate. 相似文献
19.
Linghui Wang Houzhen Hu Wenjuan Hou Jie Wei Uromi M. Goodale 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(12):1507-1521
To improve the quality of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla seedlings, L9(34) orthogonal tests on nitrogen supplementation (10, 15, and 20 g/plant), phosphorus supplementation (3, 6, and 9 g/plant), and potassium supplementation (6, 9, and 12 g/plant) were conducted to select the most effective combined measurement. The results revealed that Eucalyptus had the highest values for total biomass (737.20 ± 32.74 g/plant), specific leaf area (196.73 ± 23.16 cm2/g), soluble sugar content (8.33 ± 0.75%), protein content (1.16 ± 0.19 g/L), and photosynthetic rate (20.02 ± 1.67 μmol/m2/s) under different combined conditions. Combination effects were observed under nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium supplementation. Nitrogen was the most influential factor in the quality of the Eucalyptus seedlings, followed by phosphorus and potassium. We suggest that a combination of 15 g/plant nitrogen, 9 g/plant phosphorus, and 6 g/plant potassium produces the highest quality Eucalyptus seedlings. 相似文献
20.
The influence of Al3+ on the mineral content of mycorrhizal fungi was studied in vitro. Amanita muscaria (L. ex Fr.) Pers. ex Hooker whose growth is reduced and Lactarius piperatus (L. ex Fr.) S.F. Gray whose growth is stimulated by Al3+ where chosen for the experiments. 0, 0.1, 1, and 10mM A3+ were added as Al2(SO4)3 · 18H2O to modified M-40 medium. Al3+ drastically affected the mineral contents of the mycelia of both fungi: the Al, Ca, and Na contents increased while P, Mg, and K decreased with the increasing Al3+ concentrations in the media. On the other hand, some important differences between the two mycelia were detected. In the mycelia of Lacterius piperatus grown on the control media, there was about twice as much Ca content and a three times lower P content than in the Amanita muscaria mycelia. The Al3+ content in the mycelia of Lactarius piperatus grown on 10mM Al3+ was six times higher than in Amanita muscaria at the same concentration. 相似文献