共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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茶籽油在柴油机上燃烧特性的试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
植物能源已开始成为今后农用柴油机燃料重要能源,本文以茶籽油作燃料、在S195柴油机上进行了燃烧特性试验研究。结果表明：在柴油机结构基本不改动的情况下,燃用茶籽油或茶、柴混溶油是可行的;柴油机燃用茶籽油或混溶油时,耗油率稍有上升,且燃烧室和喷油嘴有一些积炭,其排气污染下降,但柴油机燃用50％茶籽油与50％柴油的混溶油,且供油提前角为19o时,燃烧性能较好。 相似文献
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福建茶树种质资源的茶籽油脂肪酸组成分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采用气相色谱法（GC）分析了福建42份茶树〔Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze〕种质资源的茶籽油脂肪酸组成,结果表明,饱和脂肪酸（SFA）的平均含量为20.59%,单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）为50.57%,多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）为28.11%;发现茶籽油中含有二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）,平均含量为0.11%;参试材料中优良品种茶籽油的脂肪酸组成优于地方品种。选取了11种含量较高或特异成分进行主成分分析,其中硬脂酸、花生酸、棕榈酸和DHA等是构成茶籽油的重要或特征脂肪酸。茶籽油是富含油酸、亚油酸,低芥酸和反式脂肪酸的高品质油脂,具有开发高级食用油脂的潜在价值。 相似文献
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纤维质生物降解制备燃料乙醇研究现状 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用微生物预处理及其酶降解纤维质发酵制备燃料乙醇是提供可再生能源的有效途径之一.本文通过对麻类等纤维质能源植物的筛选、生物降解、发酵生产燃料乙醇的国内外研究现状、问题和发展进行分析,针对纤维质能源品种选育、生物降解和发酵制备燃料乙醇研究的技术难题,对加快纤维能源的研究与开发提出了具体措施. 相似文献
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大果油茶实生树茶籽油脂肪酸组成分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨大果油茶茶籽油脂肪酸组成问题,以实生油茶林丰产单株果实为材料,采用索氏提取法提取茶籽油,气相色谱法测定C12~C24脂肪酸含量。结果表明,茶籽油所含脂肪酸种类在实生单株间和年际间均存在差异;茶籽油脂肪酸以不饱和脂肪酸为主,平均相对比重占86.625%,其中又以油酸为主,其含量和相对比重分别平均为79.352%和80.253%;不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的相对比重、油酸和亚油酸的含量和相对比重均分别呈极显著、显著或极显著和显著负相关;主要脂肪酸(油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸等)含量和相对比重均无显著的实生单株间和年际间差异。可见,大果油茶茶籽油的主要脂肪酸组成在不同实生单株间和年际间均稳定,且都以油酸为主;不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸、油酸和亚油酸可能存在转化关系。 相似文献
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N. Vedaraman Sukumar PuhanG. Nagarajan B.V. RamabrahmamK.C. Velappan 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,36(1):282-288
Many research reported vegetable oil as a potential substitute for diesel engines with its ester form known as biodiesel. The biodiesel can be prepared by different process using vegetable oil and alcohol. The common process used for biodiesel preparation is known as transesterification. This paper presents the transesterification of Sal oil (Shorea robusta) into Sal oil methyl ester (SOME) and its performance in direct injection diesel engine. Several process parameters such as catalyst quantity, molar ratio of alcohol, reaction temperature and reaction time were studied and the optimized process conditions are amount of catalyst (NaOH) - 0.25 wt%, alcohol (methanol) - 150% excess, reaction temperature - 65 °C and reaction time - 1.5 h. The studies with SOME as fuel in the direct injection diesel engine shows that the exhaust emissions such as CO, HC and NOx are reduced by 25%, 45% and 12%, respectively compared to diesel without significant difference in thermal efficiency. Based on this study it is concluded that the SOME can be used as fuel without any modifications in the engine and hence this biodiesel can be a potential substitute to standard diesel fuel. 相似文献
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《Industrial Crops and Products》2003,17(3):191-197
A light commercial road vehicle fitted with a heated fuel line and tank was run on cold pressed and filtered camelina sativa seed oil and unheated mineral diesel fuel. It was found that the seed oil produced a maximum power at the road wheels of 43.25 kW and returned 12.57 km/l compared to 38.50 kW and 14.03 km/l for the mineral fuel. At an engine speed >2000 rpm and high loading, both smoke opacity and CO emitted from the exhaust was found to be approximately 50% lower with the seed oil than with the mineral fuel, however, NO was higher for the seed oil by almost 6% at engine speeds >3500 rpm, but similar <3500 rpm. The CO2 and O2 emissions were similar and NO2 emitted was negligible for both fuels. The effect of heating at 170 °C on the camelina sativa seed oil was investigated and a significant increase in viscosity was observed which coincided with a reduction in the iodine value of the oil. 相似文献
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The high viscosity of vegetable oil can be reduced by transesterification with alcohols and converting it into biodiesel. Biodiesel can be used neat or blended with diesel as engine fuel. This study demonstrates that esters of castor oils have a higher viscosity than safflower oil derived esters and the viscosity can be reduced by blending with diesel. The viscosity increased in a non-linear fashion as the percentage of castor esters increased in castor esters diesel blends and in castor esters safflower esters blends. Only slight increases in viscosity were observed for B40 and B60 mixtures with No. 2 diesel. Addition of ten chemical additives in castor esters at the rate of 0.01%, 0.1% and 1.0% showed limited viscosity reduction. 相似文献
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The demand for diesel fuel far exceeds the current and future biodiesel production capabilities of the vegetable oil and animal fat industries. New oilseed crops that do not compete with traditional food crop are needed to meet existing energy demands. Hybrid hazelnut oil is just such an attractive raw material for production of biodiesel. Hazelnut oil was extracted from hybrid hazelnuts and the crude oil was refined. Hazelnut oil-based biodiesel was prepared via the transesterification of the refined hazelnut oil with excess methanol using an alkaline catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, time and catalyst concentration on the yield of diesel were examined, and selected physical and chemical properties of the biodiesel were evaluated. The biodiesel yield increased with increasing temperature from 25 to 65 °C and with increasing catalyst concentration from 0.1 to 0.7 wt%. The increase in yield with reaction time was nonlinear and characterized by an initial faster rate, followed by a slow rate. Hazelnut oil-based biodiesel had an average viscosity of 8.82 cP at 25 °C, which was slightly higher than that of the commercial soy-based diesel (7.92 cP at 25 °C). An approximate 12 °C higher onset oxidative temperature and a 10 °C lower cloud point of hazelnut oil biodiesel than those of its commercial soy counterpart indicated a better oxidative stability and flowability at low temperature. The average heat of combustion of hazelnut oil biodiesel was 40.23 kJ/g, and accounted for approximately 88% of energy content of diesel fuel. The fatty acid composition of hazelnut oil-based biodiesel was the same as the nature oil. 相似文献
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A. NavarreteR.B. Mato G. DimitrakisE. Lester J.R. RobinsonM.J. Cocero S. Kingman 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,33(3):697-703
Essential oils are important in the flavour and cosmetic industries. Recently, microwave energy has been applied in different extraction processes to obtain essential oils with quality and yield similar to those obtained using steam distillation, but using less energy and time. The dielectric properties of any given material are of critical importance when seeking to understand its response to applied electromagnetic waves. Nevertheless, data related to aromatic plants are scarce. This paper addresses the measurement and estimation of dielectric properties of herbal matrices as a part of the study of the fundamental phenomenology behind the extraction of essential oils with microwaves. A cavity perturbation system was used to measure the properties of the plant matrix, and dielectric mixture equations were used later to try to reproduce the results obtained. The dielectric properties of partly dried rosemary, rosemary's essential oil and oven-dry plant material were measured at temperatures between 20 °C and 160 °C, and atmospheric pressure, at frequencies of 2450 MHz and 910 MHz. The results show a strong influence of water content on the dielectric properties. A new predictive approach that uses the results from measurements of dielectric properties from the different constituents to obtain effective mixture dielectric properties is proposed. The predicted values of the dielectric constants were better than those of the loss factors. 相似文献
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Jana Novotna Vijay Baheti Blanka Tomkova Jiri Militky Jan Novak 《Fibers and Polymers》2018,19(6):1288-1294
The aim of the presented research was to study the influence of surface layer material on improvement of impact, dielectric, EMI shielding and sound absorption properties of sandwich composites. The sandwich composite structure consisted of Kevlar or Carbon woven fabric at the surface layer, recycled high loft nonwoven in the center and a mixture of carbon particles/epoxy matrix as a binder to hold the surface layer and core together. The carbon particles were incorporated in epoxy in order to improve failure mechanism and enhance dielectric properties or electromagnetic shielding of sandwich composites. The biggest improvements on impact properties of sandwich composites were obtained when Kevlar fabric was used as surface layer. However, surface layer of carbon fabric was found to provide better dielectric properties and improve EMI shielding of sandwich composites against Kevlar fabric surface layer. 相似文献
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This study was conducted to test the efficacy of an indigenous white rot fungus Lentinus squarrosulus in degrading engine oil in soil. Flasks containing sterilized garden soil (100 g) moistened with 75% distilled water (w/v) were contaminated with engine oil 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40% w/w concentrations, inoculated with L. squarrosulus and incubated at room temperature for 90 days. Levels of organic matter, pH, total hydrocarbon and elemental content (C, Cu, Fe, K, N, Ni, Zn and available P) were determined post-fungal treatment. Results indicate that contaminated soils inoculated with L. squarrosulus had increased organic matter, carbon and available phosphorus, while the nitrogen and available potassium was reduced. A relatively high percentage degradation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) was observed at 1% engine oil concentration (94.46%), which decreased to 64.05% TPH degradation at 40% engine oil contaminated soil after 90 days of incubation. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni recovered from straw/fungal biomass complex increased with the increase of engine-oil contamination and bio-accumulation by the white-rot fungus. The improvement of nutrient content values as well as the bioaccumulation of heavy metals at all levels of engine oil concentrations tested through inoculations with L. squarrosulus is of importance for the bioremediation of engine-oil polluted soils. 相似文献
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