共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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[目的]为探究不同品种桑树叶片PSII功能的耐盐性。[方法]以2个桑树品种“龙桑一号”和“青龙桑”为试验材料,利用叶绿素快相荧光动力学曲线（OJIP）研究盐胁迫对桑树叶片PsⅡ的影响。[结果]随着盐浓度的增加,2个桑树品种叶片的PsⅡ最大光化学效率（F）和潜在光化学活性（Fv/Fo）显著降低,且“龙桑一号”的降低幅度大于“青龙桑”。盐胁迫抑制2个桑树叶片电子传递链上PSⅡo／F／F受体侧QA向QB的电子传递,降低用于还原QA的能量（TIC。／RC）和叶片捕获光能的比例（ФDo）,增加热耗散的比例（ФDo）,说明盐胁迫降低桑树叶片光化学效率是由于QA向QB的电子传递速率下降和热耗散比例增加的双重因素引起的,而对桑树光系统中的PSⅡ供体侧的伤害程度较小。[结论]“青龙桑”比“龙桑一号”表现出较强的抵抗盐胁迫能力。 相似文献
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低温弱光胁迫对棉花幼苗叶绿素荧光特性及能量分配的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
[目的]探讨低温弱光胁迫下不同基因型棉花幼苗叶绿素荧光特性及能量分配的响应机制,为棉花耐低温品种选育及筛选耐低温鉴定指标和方法提供理论依据.[方法]以6种不同基因型棉花幼苗为试材,通过5℃、100 μmol/( m2·s)低温弱光处理,测定12 h内叶绿素荧光相关参数.[结果]低温弱光胁迫提高了初始荧光Fo、光合功能相对限制值L(PFD),显著降低了PSⅡ最大光化学效率Fv/Fm、PSⅡ实际光化学效率φPSⅡ、光合电子传递速率ETR、光化学猝灭系数qP等指标,非光化学猝灭系数NPQ则呈现先升后降的趋势;同时,PSⅠ激发能分配系数σ、天线热耗散速率Drate增大,PSⅡ激发能分配系数β、光化学速率Prate降低.[结论]低温弱光胁迫导致棉花幼苗叶片PSⅡ光化学活性降低,光合电子传递过程受抑,更多的光能用于天线热耗散,且干扰了PSⅠ和PSⅡ间的激发能分配和传递.综合各指标分析,新陆中28号与中棉所50号在低温弱光胁迫下表现出良好的光能分配、利用能力,耐低温能力较强,新陆早42号与中棉所43号次之,新陆早33号和新陆早19号较差. 相似文献
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【目的】研究番茄幼苗第2叶(成熟叶)和第4叶(新生叶)叶绿素荧光成像特性对低温胁迫的响应,并分析低温胁迫下番茄不同叶龄叶片光合活性区域相对面积及荧光参数值的变化,以探明番茄幼苗不同叶龄叶片对低温胁迫的适应机制。【方法】以番茄品种‘中蔬4号’(Solanum lycopersicum L.cv Zhongshu No.4)4叶期幼苗为材料,对番茄幼苗进行低温(8℃、200μmol·m-2·s-1)处理15 d后常温(26℃白天/20℃夜晚,500μmol·m-2·s-1)恢复1 d,于处理不同时期对幼苗全株进行叶绿素荧光成像,并比较第2叶和第4叶的叶绿素荧光成像特性。【结果】低温处理期间,第4叶的光合活性区域相对面积(RAP)仅在处理前期(5 d)有所下降,而全株和第2叶的RAP则随处理时间的延长持续下降,但常温1 d即可完全恢复。低温处理下PSII调节性能量耗散的量子产量(Y(NPQ))、PSⅡ非调节性能量耗散的量子产量(Y(NO))和非光化学猝灭(NPQ... 相似文献
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干旱和盐胁迫对白榆叶片光系统Ⅱ活力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过PEG-6000和NaCl模拟试验研究了干旱和盐胁迫对白榆幼苗叶片光系统Ⅱ (PSII)活力的影响,结果显示:盐分和干旱胁迫诱导白榆叶片PSII快速荧光上升曲线在300 μs处K点的出现,造成放氧复合体OEC的损伤,同时也引起PSII有活力反应中心密度(Rc/Cso)、最大量子产量(Fv/Fm)、分配进入电子传递链... 相似文献
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外源钙对盐胁迫下草莓叶绿素荧光参数的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以草莓品种达赛莱克特和幸香为试材,利用盆栽法研究了外源钙对NaCl胁迫下草莓叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果发现,在盐胁迫下各处理初始荧光Fo均上升,Fv/Fm值、Fv/Fo值均呈下降趋势,钙处理后上述叶绿素各参数变化都较平缓。表明钙处理可有效缓解盐胁迫对草莓PSⅡ系统的伤害,进而在缓解盐胁迫中发挥重要作用。这主要归因于钙离子通过与植物体内CaM结合启动一系列生理生化反应,进而在缓解盐胁迫中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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盐胁迫对台湾桤木幼苗光合作用和荧光特性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为探讨台湾桤木的耐盐机制,以1年生台湾桤木实生幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽加盐的方式模拟盐胁迫,设置0.1%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%及0(CK)5个盐分梯度,研究台湾桤木幼苗在盐胁迫下的光合作用和荧光特性。结果表明,盐胁迫使叶绿素含量降低,净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)逐渐降低,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)增大,各处理间差异极显著,主要光合参数Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci两两之间相关性极显著;PSⅡ潜在光化学活性(Fv/F0)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)随着盐胁迫逐渐下降,非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)增大,初始荧光(F0)与Fv/F0、Fv/Fm相关性显著,F0与PSⅡ光化学量子产额(Yield)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)相关性极显著,Fv/F0与Fv/Fm、Yield两两之间相关关系极显著。因此认为,盐胁迫期间Pn降低主要由于非气孔限制因素;桤木幼苗通过增强热耗散的方式来缓解逆境对光合作用的影响;胁迫2个月后,低盐胁迫(0.1%)具有比CK更大的光合能力。 相似文献
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应用JIP-test初步分析了不同溶液处理对柚苗叶片光合PSⅡ系统的影响,结果表明:处理后柚叶F_o升高,F_m、F_v值降低,F_v/F_m、F_v/F_o、F_m/F_o比值均降低;经百喜草、圆叶决明浸提液处理的柚苗,其叶片F_o增加幅度较小,F_m、F_v值降低幅度较小,表明2个处理PSⅡ光合色素吸收能量后,以热能和荧光形式散失的部分较少,有较多的能量可以用于下一步电子传递和能量转化,受体侧电子传递能够较为顺利进行,而2个浓度除草剂溶液处理后F_o、F_m、F_v变化幅度均最大,表明该处理使叶片吸收能量的一大部分(37.47%、40.61%)以各种形式散失,电子传递阻力较大;各处理对柚叶PSⅡ潜在活性(F_v/F_o)及捕获激发能效率(F_m/F_o)的影响要远大于对原初光能转化效率(F_v/F_m)的影响,各处理对原初光能的转化效率影响范围在5.98%~16.95%(不含CK),百喜草、圆叶决明浸提液处理对柚叶PSⅡ原初光能转化效率的影响最小,2个浓度除草剂处理F_v/F_o、F_m/F_o值大幅降低,对柚叶PSⅡ的功能伤害程度较大,严重影响了光合作用的进行。 相似文献
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短时低温胁迫对甜椒叶绿体超微结构和光系统的影响 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15
通过测定荧光参数、膜脂脂肪酸组成、活性氧及相关清除酶活性，研究了短时低温（4 oC）胁迫对冷敏感甜椒叶片光系统的影响。结果表明，6 h低温弱光（100 μmol·m-2·s-1）胁迫结束时光系统II（PSII）最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）下降35.6%，氧化态的P700下降约60%，而暗中低温处理对二者没有影响。低温弱光胁迫对膜脂脂肪酸组成和叶绿体超微结构的影响均比暗中低温胁迫严重，而活性氧清除酶的活性有所下降，活性氧积累。因此，叶绿体膜系统的完整性与活性氧积累之间可能存在一定的相互关系。低温弱光胁迫引起了PSII和PSI的光抑制，而活性氧的积累可能是氧化态P700下降的一个原因，而且PSI对低温弱光比PSII表现得更敏感。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨不同剂量保水剂对干旱胁迫槟榔幼苗生理特征的影响,为槟榔节水抗旱栽培提供理论依据.[方法]以盆栽热研一号槟榔幼苗为材料,在干旱条件下施用0.1%~0.4%保水剂20d后,测定不同处理槟榔幼苗叶片的相对水含量、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,分析槟榔幼苗叶绿素荧光参数、光能利用和耗散指标的变化情况.[结果]在干旱胁迫下,施用0.1%~0.4%保水剂可有效提高槟榔幼苗叶片的相对水含量、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量及SOD和POD活性;当保水剂施用剂量为0.3%时,槟榔幼苗叶片的相对水含量、可溶性蛋白含量和叶绿素含量最高,MDA含量最低,POD活性最高;槟榔叶片的叶绿素荧光参数光系统II(PSII)最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)和PSII实际光化学量子产量[Y(II)]在保水剂施用剂量为0.3%时最大,光化学猝灭系数(qP)随保水剂施用剂量的增大而增加,非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)随保水剂剂量的增大呈先下降后上升的变化趋势.[结论]施用保水剂可有效提高干旱胁迫槟榔幼苗叶片的渗透调节物质含量及其抗氧化酶活性,保障光合作用顺利进行,缓解干旱胁迫对槟榔幼苗的伤害,以施用0.3%保水剂的效果最佳. 相似文献
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以云烟100(耐铝)和云烟105(铝敏感)为材料,采用水培法研究外源一氧化氮(NO)对铝胁迫下烟草植株生长、叶片活性氧含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数、光呼吸和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,铝胁迫显著降低了烟草叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII光合电子传递量子效率(FPSII)和光化学猝灭系数(q P),提高了反应中心PSII过剩激发能,从而导致叶片超氧阴离子(O_2·)和过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量升高,植株生物量下降。外源NO可显著提高铝胁迫下烟草叶片叶绿素含量、Pn、Fv/Fm、FPSII、q P和植株生物量,降低反应中心PSII过剩激发能和叶片O_2·、H_2O_2含量,且云烟105变化幅度高于云烟100。此外,外源NO还显著提高了铝胁迫下烟草叶片非光化学猝灭系数、光呼吸速率、超氧化物歧化酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性,说明NO可通过提高烟草叶片光化学反应能力、热耗散、光呼吸以及抗氧化酶活性来降低反应中心PSII过剩激发能,防止或清除叶绿体内产生的活性氧,缓解铝对烟草的毒害,这种缓解效应在敏感基因型云烟105中表现更明显。 相似文献
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Photosynthetic Characteristics of a Super High Yield Cultivar of Winter Wheat During Late Growth Period 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The mechanism of high yield of winter wheat in the field at late growth period was investigated by measuring the photosynthetic characteristics of photosystem Ⅱ （PSⅡ） and xanthophylls cycle, which could provide physiological reference for breeding. Weimai 8 （W8）, a super high yield cultivar, and Lumai 14 （L14）, a control cultivar were object. The photosynthetic rate （Pn）, parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content were measured. The Pn, maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII （Fv/Fm）, quantum yield of PSII electron transport （ΦPSⅡ）, efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centers （Fv＇/Fm＇）, and photochemical quenching coefficient （qP） were higher in Weimai 8 compared to that in Lumai 14, a commercial high yield cultivar. Furthermore, Weirnai 8 showed a lower non- photochemical quenching coefficient and a lower de-epoxidized ratio of the xanthophyll cycle pigments than of Lumai 14 at late growth period. At mature stage, chlorophyll content of different leaves decreased both in Weimai 8 and Lumai 14. Chlorophyll content in flag, second and third leaf from the top of plant decreased more in Lumai 14 than in Weimai 8. These results suggested that Weimai 8 had more antenna pigments to absorb light energy, and had higher photosynthetic capability and photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ. The yield of Weimai 8 was also higher than that of Lumai 14. 相似文献
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Soil salinity is one of the most important environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity in many regions in the world. Salt stress directly affects plant photosynthesis, which is an important physiological process to limit plant growth and crop yield. But the effects of salt stress on the mechanism of the photosynthesis is still not clear. In this experiment, the salt tolerant plant Alhagi pseudalhagi was selected as the experiment material, and the salt sensitive plant Vigna radiata as the control, to explore the effects of salt stress on photosynthetic parameters of A. pseudalhagi. Plants were grown in a greenhouse,cultured with 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution, treated by 0(control), 50, 100 or 200 s of mmol/L of NaCl solution for 12 d. Then,the chlorophyll contents, gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll a fluorescence in each treatment were measured. The results showed that under the salt stress simulated by 50 mmol/L NaCl, the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) and stomatal conductance(gs)of A. pseudalhagi were significantly increased compared with the control, while intercellular CO_2 concentration(Ci) was significantly decreased, Fv'/Fm', Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo were increased over time, but had no significant differences with the control ФPSⅡ,ETR and qP were significantly increased, and NPQ was significantly decreased. Under the salt stress simulated by 100 and 200mmol/L NaCl, Fv'/Fm', Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, ФPSⅡ and qP of A. pseudalhagi were gradually decreased over time. In contrary, under the salt stress simulated by 50 and 100 mmol/L NaCl, the Pn, gs, Ci, Fv'/Fm', Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, ФPSII, qP and ETR were all significantly decreased, while NPQ was significantly increased. 相似文献
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Increased grain yield with improved photosynthetic characters in modern maize parental lines 
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下载免费PDF全文 LI Cong-feng TAO Zhi-qiang LIU Peng ZHANG Ji-wang ZHUANG Ke-zhang DONG Shu-ting ZHAO Ming 《农业科学学报》2015,14(9):1735-1744
The grain yield of maize has increased continuously in past decades, largely through hybrid innovation, cultivation technology, and in particular, recent genetic improvements in photosynthesis. Elite inbred lines are crucial for innovating new germplasm. Here, we analyzed variations in grain yield and a series of eco-physiological photosynthetic traits after anthesis in sixteen parental lines of maize(Zea mays L.) released during three different eras(1960s, 1980 s, 2000s). We found that grain yield and biomass significantly increased in the 2000 s than those in the 1980 s and 1960 s. Leaf area, chlorophyll, and soluble protein content slowly decreased, and maintained a higher net photosynthesis rate(Pn) and improved stomatal conductance(Gs) after anthesis in the 2000 s. In addition, the parental lines in the 2000 s obtained higher actual photochemistry efficiency(ФPSII) and the maximum PSII photochemistry efficiency(Fv/Fm), which largely improved light partitioning and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristic, including higher photochemical and photosystem II(PSII) reaction center activity, lower thermal energy dissipation in antenna proteins. Meanwhile, more lamellae per granum within chloroplasts were observed in the parental lines of the 2000 s, with a clear and complete chloroplast membrane, which will greatly help to improve photosynthetic capacity and energy efficiency of ear leaf in maize parental lines. It is concluded that grain yield increase in modern maize parental lines is mainly attributed to the improved chloroplast structure and more light energy catched for the photochemical reaction, thus having a better stay-green characteristic and stronger photosynthetic capacity after anthesis. Our direct physiological evaluation of these inbred lines provides important information for the further development of promising maize cultivars. 相似文献
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Glyphosate has been used worldwide for nearly 40 years,and 30 types of resistant weeds have been reported.Glyphosate is mass-produced and widely used in China,but few studies and reports on glyphosate-resistant weeds and resistance mechanisms exist.Previous studies found a goosegrass species with high glyphosate resistance from orchards in South China and its glyphosate resistant mechanism was described in this study.The cDNAof 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase(EPSPS,EC 2.5.1.19),the target enzyme of glyphosate,was cloned from the glyphosate-resistant and-susceptible goosegrass,respectively,and referred as EPSPS-R and EPSPS-S.The Pro106 residue was known to be involved in the glyphosate resistance in most goosegrass populations.However,sequence analysis did not find the mutation at the Pro106 residue in the R biotype EPSPS amino acid sequence.The residue 133 and 382 was mutated in the R biotype EPSPS amino acid sequence instead,but it did not affect the EPSPS-S and EPSPS-R genes sensitivities to glyphosate.RT-PCR and Western blot analyses suggested that EPSPS mRNA and protein are mainly present in the shoot tissues both in the R and S goosegrass biotypes.The EPSPS-R rapidly responds to the glyphosate in R-biotype goosegrass and the induced expression was detected at 12 h post glyphosate treatment.The mRNA and protein expression of EPSPS-R increased constantly as the increasing concentration of glyphosate.However,the expression of the EPSPS-S was not induced significantly by glyphosate in the S goosegrass biotype.Quantification of real-time PCR results showed that the copy number of the EPSPS in R-biotype goosegrass was 4.7 times higher than that in the S goosegrass biotype.All the results implied that EPSPS gene amplification might mainly caused the glyphosate resistance of a goosegrass population collected from orchards in South China. 相似文献
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[目的]为了研究植物激素对黄姜叶片Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm的影响。[方法]通过叶面喷施不同浓度的IAA6、-BA和ABA,观察了黄姜叶片Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm的变化。[结果]20 mg/L的IAA处理有利于黄姜后期维持较高的PSII活性和光化学最大效率;适当浓度的6-BA(103、0 mg/L)处理有利于维持光能的转化,提高光合效率;浓度为15 mg/L的ABA处理黄姜叶片,在中后期保持了较高的PSII活性和光能转化效率。[结论]该研究为植物激素进一步服务于生产实践提供了理论依据和技术支持。 相似文献
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新疆11个杏品种叶绿素荧光特征比较 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
[目的]通过对11个新疆主要优良杏品种的叶绿素荧光参数及其日变化的观测,旨在了解其荧光特性和对塔里木盆地高光热环境的适应差异,以期为优良杏品种在环塔里木盆地的推广应用提供参考.[方法]采用调制式OS-30P荧光仪测定了供试品种的初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、PSII最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)和PSII最大光能转化潜力(Fv/Fo)4个叶绿素荧光参数随太阳总辐射、空气温度和空气相对湿度变化的日变化以及不同作用光强下从初始荧光上升到最大荧光一半所需时间(T 1/2)的变化特征.[结果]11个测试杏品种的叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo品种间差异不显著(P>0.05),巴都玉吕克、大果胡安娜、阿克西米西全天具有相对较高的Fv/Fm 和Fv/Fo,粗黑叶杏、木牙格的Fv/Fm 和Fv/Fo日均值相对较低;Fo、Fm的品种间差异达到了极显著水平(P<0.01);在时间序列上Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Fo和Fm均表现为差异极显著(P<0.01);粗黑叶杏、木牙格的叶绿素荧光参数T1/2下午相比上午明显下降.[结论]测试品种耐光抑制能力的强弱为:巴都玉吕克、大果胡安娜、阿克西米西耐光抑制能力最强,雀斑杏、索格佳娜丽、库买提、细黑叶杏、黑叶杏、佳娜丽其次,粗黑叶杏、木牙格耐光抑制能力最弱. 相似文献
20.
为了探讨外源γ-氨基丁酸对盐胁迫下甜瓜的生长发育的影响,以甜瓜品种一品天下208为材料,采用水培法研究了外源γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的干物质积累、叶绿素含量、光合参数以及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的干物质积累量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、PSII的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)、PSII的实际量子效率(ФPSII)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)显著降低(P0.05),而非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、气孔限制值(Ls)显著升高(P0.05);叶面喷施外源γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)可显著提高盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的干物质积累、叶绿素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci、Fv/Fm、ETR、ФPSII、qP(P0.05),降低NPQ、Ls(P0.05)。研究表明外源GABA可提高盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗叶片的光合能力,增加植株的干物质积累,有效地缓解盐碱胁迫对甜瓜幼苗生长的抑制作用。 相似文献