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1.
植物细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
杂种优势已广泛应用于农业生产,这其中主要依靠细胞质雄性不育系统。细胞质雄性不育“三系”是杂交种选育的基础材料。其中,强恢复系的选育非常繁琐,且恢复力只能通过与不育系的测交来鉴定,既耗时又费力,因此,人们对育性恢复基因进行了大量的研究。本文归纳了恢复基因的结构特征、作用机理、遗传模式、基因定位及克隆上的研究进展和存在问题。认为随着二代测序技术的发展,可以利用全基因组重测序和转录组测序等技术开发新型分子标记进行恢复基因精细定位,或直接通过测序技术鉴定恢复基因。这将为恢复系的分子标记辅助选育和利用基因工程手段人工改良和创制恢复系提供帮助,也将为研究细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因的遗传、进化和特征,全面解析植物细胞质雄性不育育性恢复机理奠定基础。 相似文献
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棉花核雄性不育系的培育与利用研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为促进棉花核雄性不育杂交种在在生产上大面积应用,对棉花核雄性不育系的类型、培育与利用、杂交种生产方法等进行了综述。介绍17种棉花核雄性不育系的基因类型及其不育性遗传,通过采用自然突变体的选择、人工诱变、人工转育和改良、生物技术创造等方法培育核雄性不育系,应用于棉花育种研究,中国选育出利用ms14和ms5ms6的核雄性不育杂交种28个,杂交制种技术方法和标记不育系的研究进展为高效简化的杂交制种技术提供支撑。分析指出棉花核雄性不育系的应用前景较好,提出核雄性不育杂交种扩大应用的技术关键是要在标记不育系的研究和创造方面取得突破,在当前核不育杂交种制种中采取不拔除可育株、标记后人工辅助去雄可节约制种用工而不降低制种产量。 相似文献
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水稻细胞质雄性不育的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
细胞质雄性不育性的发现受到育种家的广泛重视,它的形成机理同细胞质遗传理论密切相关.在杂交水稻生产中不育系决定着杂交水稻的生产及其种植面积.在不育性研究中主要是研究育性恢复基因对不育基因的恢复能力.前人的研究主要是从一个恢复系对应的一个不育系进行,也有人尝试着用恢杂的方式进行恢复基因的位置研究,不同的类型得出了不同的结论.本文对野败型、包台型、滇型、红莲型、马协型的遗传及基因的分子标记进行综述,对分子生物技术在水稻细胞质雄性不育中的发展及应用进行探讨.以期为水稻细胞质雄性不育的研究及其在生产中的应用提供参考. 相似文献
4.
植物细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植物杂种优势在生产上已被广泛应用,对提高产量和改善品质有重要意义,而生产杂交种的重要途径是细胞质不育及其恢复系统。在杂交品种选育过程中,优良恢复系选育至关重要。近年来植物细胞质雄性不育性恢复的分子机理一直是分子生物学的研究热点。本文综述了目前恢复基因研究的主要进展,讨论了恢复基因的遗传与定位。认为细胞质雄性不育恢复基因一般为单基因或少数显性效应主效基因,且恢复基因间作用方式多样化。目前,玉米Rf2基因、矮牵牛Rf基因、水稻Rf-1基因、萝卜Rfo基因都已被克隆。在这些恢复基因的克隆与分离基础上,本文讨论了恢复基因的结构特征及分子机理,认为恢复基因的可能分子机理,一种是恢复基因抑制细胞质雄性不育（CMS）特异ORF的表达,另一种是恢复基因补偿线粒体功能的缺陷。本文最后对恢复基因在植物分子育种上的应用前景提出了看法。 相似文献
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高粱A3细胞质雄性不育的研究与利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高粱A3细胞质雄性不育系花药肥大,黄色,可散落出部分花粉,但散落出来的花粉无效,自交套袋不结实,雄性不育性稳定。大多数高粱品系对A3细胞质雄性不育表现保持,具有优良性状的多数品系可转育为A3细胞质雄性不育系,这些不育系具有丰产性好、育性稳定、抗败育等特点。A3细胞质雄性不育恢复源很少,只有极少数高粱品系能恢复其育性,恢复度在40%~95%之间。A3细胞质雄性不育恢复源少且恢复系难以选育,是A3细胞质雄性不育研究的主要障碍,解决高粱A3细胞质雄性不育恢复系的选育问题,是实现A3细胞质雄性不育利用的关键。此文主要对高粱A3细胞质雄性不育恢复系和A3细胞质雄性不育系选育及杂交种选育和应用、高粱A3细胞质雄性不育育性遗传表达等方面进行了阐述,以期育种者重视A3细胞质雄性不育的研究。 相似文献
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棉花育性相关基因GhPG2的克隆与表达分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
多聚半乳糖醛酸酶家族是一个细胞壁水解酶,在许多高等植物的花粉中都具有高水平外切多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性,可能在花粉成熟和花粉管伸长中发挥重要作用。利用已报道与恢复基因连锁的分子标记STS679筛选陆地棉Y18恢复系核基因组BAC文库,获得一个阳性克隆Z55E7,对该克隆测序获得6个基因,其中一个为编码多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(polygalacturonase)基因,暂被命名为GhPG2。在棉花细胞质雄性不育系、保持系和恢复系中对该基因进行序列和表达分析,以便进一步了解该基因与棉花细胞质雄性不育的关系。从BAC克隆中分离到GhPG2基因,对其进行序列分析,以半定量RT-PCR和实时定量PCR分析该GhPG2基因在棉花恢复系、保持系和不育系各个组织中的表达模式。分离到GhPG2基因的基因组序列为1 518 bp,其开放阅读框序列为1 239 bp,共编码412个氨基酸,包含PG基因家族的4个保守结构域。系统进化树分析表明,GhPG2基因与其他物种花粉表达的PG基因同属C分支。表达分析表明, 该基因在恢复系和保持系的花药、花瓣和VI级花蕾中高表达,而不育系的相应组织该基因表达量明显降低。GhPG2基因归类于花粉表达的一类PG基因。实验结果暗示GhPG2基因可能与棉花正常的花器官发育相关。 相似文献
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为了在辣椒三系杂交育种研究中缩小群体筛选范围,减小工作量,提高不育系和保持系选择效率,根据细胞质育性标记SCAR130的序列多态性位点设计KASP标记引物,使其转化为KASP130分子标记,并以辣椒三系材料的雄性不育系、保持系、恢复系和F_1杂交种为试验对象,利用荧光定量PCR仪LC480和LGC公司的SNPline这两种检测平台将KASP130标记应用于辣椒细胞质类型检测,并对该标记稳定性和可靠性进行了检验。结果表明, KASP130标记同SCAR130标记一样可以把待试辣椒材料准确地分为可育细胞质(N)和不育细胞质(S),并在分子标记辅助选择育种中成功应用到辣椒细胞质育性的早期鉴定以及辣椒保持系和雄性不育系的回交育种研究。综上,细胞质育性标记SCAR130已经被成功转化为KASP130分子标记,该标记可以明确鉴定辣椒的细胞质类型,这为其在辣椒三系杂交育种上的应用奠定了研究基础。 相似文献
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棉花具有明显的杂种优势,具体表现在产量、纤维品质、抗病虫等性状上。杂交种子生产是棉花杂种优势利用中非常重要的一环。近年来,由于人工杂交制种成本逐年提高,简化、高效、低成本的制种技术已经成为未来杂交棉发展的必然趋势。生产实践表明,利用细胞质雄性不育系不仅能简化制种方法还可以节约劳动力成本,目前已成为作物杂种优势利用领域的研究热点。然而,不育细胞质对棉花形态建成、花药发育、产量形成和纤维发育等均有一定影响,并且存在不利于棉花生长发育的负效应,从而限制了“三系”（不育系、保持系和恢复系）杂交棉的进一步推广利用。为此,综述了细胞质雄性不育对棉花主要性状的影响及其负效应产生的分子基础,并初步探讨了克服棉花不育细胞质负效应的潜在途径,以期为生产上选育和改良棉花细胞质雄性不育恢复系和强优势“三系”杂交种提供新思路。 相似文献
9.
鉴定与胞质雄性不育(CMS)D8系统的恢复基因紧密连锁的分子标记能促进杂种棉花亲本材料的培育。本文旨在培育与两个独立的显性恢复基因Rf1和Rf2紧密连锁的分子标记。Rf1来源于从G．harknessii Brandegee(D2染色体组)转育的D2恢复系，Rf2来源于D8恢复系。应用混合分离分析法鉴定与恢复基因连锁的随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)标记。应用3个测交组合构建与标记相关的Rf2图谱，使用2个测交组合构建与标记相关的Rf1图谱。 相似文献
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水稻优良恢复系明恢63两个恢复基因恢复力的单独评价 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
野败型细胞质雄性不育系统是选配杂交稻组合广泛应用的主要不育细胞质资源，野败型细胞质雄性不育的育性恢复能力由两个恢复基因控制。以前的研究表明，明恢63具有2个恢复基因Rf3和Rf(μ)，分别位于第1和第10染色体上。为了分别准确估计这两个恢复基因的遗传效应，根据分子标记基因型，从珍汕97／明恢63衍生的241个F9重组自交系群体中选择两个自交系R124和R1183，它们分别含有单个恢复基因Rf3和Rf(M)，将R124和R1183与珍汕97A杂交，分别得到F1A和F1B，再自交得到F2A和F2B。在武汉和海南分别考察F1的育性，F1A的自然结实率海南和武汉分别为53．4％和60．2％，F1B的自然结实率海南和武汉分别为70．5％和75．7％。而珍汕97A／明恢63的杂种汕优63结实率为81．4％。F2A和F2B群体育性分离均符合1个主基因1：3的孟德尔期望分离比，表明，R124和R1183分别只含有一个恢复基因Rf3和Rf(M)。Rf(M)的效应较大，恢复力强，它单独几乎可以使育性恢复正常。利用标记辅助选择方法，转移两个恢复基因可以快速选育优良恢复系。 相似文献
13.
Z. X. Fan W. X. Lei D. F. Hong J. P. He L. L. Wan Z. H. Xu P. W. Liu G. S. Yang 《Plant Breeding》2007,126(3):297-301
Over the past decade, the polima cytoplasmic male sterility ( pol CMS) three-line and two-line systems have been developed for the production of hybrid seed in Brassica napus oilseed rape in China. The discovery of the novel pol CMS restorer line FL-204 is described here. It restores male fertility of hybrid plants in the pol CMS system, but hybrid seed production can only be carried out under autumn sowing in Wuhan in south China under moderate temperatures at flowering. The restorer cannot be used as a male for hybrid seed production in northwestern China (Gansu) under spring sowing conditions, because there it is more or less male sterile due to high temperatures at flowering. Because of this behaviour, it is referred to as a fertility temperature-sensitive restorer (FTSR) in this paper. F2 , BC1 as well as double haploid populations were constructed to determine the inheritance of fertility restoration of FL-204 in the autumn at Wuhan and under spring sowing conditions at Gansu, respectively. Deviations from Mendelian genetics were observed. It was hypothesized that the change of fertility was the result of the interaction between nuclear genes [restoring gene ( Rf ) and temperature-sensitive genes ( ts )] and the cytoplasm. The Rf gene in FL-204 was incapable of restoring male fertility of pol CMS lines under spring sowing conditions at Gansu where it is inactivated by the recessive ts gene present in FL-204. However, the ts gene(s) could be non-functional under moderate temperature conditions at flowering at Wuhan which allows full expression of male fertility in FL-204. The recessive ts gene(s) can only be expressed in plants containing the pol sterile cytoplasm. A method for the utilization of the FTSR pol CMS restorer FL-204 for the production of hybrid seed in B. napus oilseed rape is proposed. 相似文献
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The genetic relationship among three cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems, consisting of WA, Dissi, and Gambiaca, was
studied. The results showed that the maintainers of one CMS system can also maintain sterility in other cytoplasmic backgrounds.
The F1 plants derived from crosses involving A and R lines of the respective cytoplasm and their cross-combination with other CMS
systems showed similar pollen and spikelet fertility values, indicating that similar biological processes govern fertility
restoration in these three CMS systems. The results from an inheritance study showed that the pollen fertility restoration
in all three CMS systems was governed by two independent and dominant genes with classical duplicate gene action. Three F2 populations, generated from the crosses between the parents of good-performing rice hybrids, that possess WA, Dissi, and
Gambiaca CMS cytoplasm, were used to map the Rf genes. For the WA-CMS system, Rf3 was located at a distance of 2.8 cM from RM490 on chromosome 1 and Rf4 was located at 1.6 cM from RM1108 on chromosome 10. For the Dissi-CMS system, Rf3 was located on chromosome 1 at 1.9 cM from RM7466 and Rf4 on chromosome 10 was located at 2.3 cM from RM6100. The effect of Rf3 on pollen fertility appeared to be stronger than the effect of Rf4. In the Gambiaca-CMS system, only one major locus was mapped on chromosome 1 at 2.1 cM from RM576. These studies have led
to the development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for selecting putative restorer lines, new approaches to alloplasmic
line breeding, and the transfer of Rf genes into adapted cultivars through a backcrossing program in an active hybrid rice breeding program. 相似文献
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Summary Identification and location of fertility restoring genes facilitates their deployment in a hybrid breeding program involving cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system. The study aimed to locate fertility restorer genes of CMSWA system on specific chromosomes of rice using primary trisomics of IR36 (restorer), CMS (IR58025A) and maintainer (IR58025B) lines. Primary trisomic series (Triplo 1 to 12) was crossed as maternal parent with the maintainer line IR58025B. The selected trisomic and disomic F1 plants were testcrossed as male parents with the CMS line IR58025A. Plants in testcross families derived from disomic F1 plants (Group I crosses) were all diploid; however, in the testcross families derived from trisomic F1 plants (Group II crosses), some trisomic plants were observed. Diploid plants in all testcross families were analyzed for pollen fertility using 1% IKI stain. All testeross families from Group I crosses segregated in the ratio of 2 fertile: 1 partially fertile+partially sterile: 1 sterile plants indicating that fertility restoration was controlled by two independent dominant genes: one of the genes was stronger than the other. Testcross families from Group II crosses segregated in 2 fertile: 1 partially fertile+ partially sterile: 1 sterile plants in crosses involving Triplo 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 12, but families involving triplo 7 and triplo 10 showed significantly higher X2 values, indicating that the two fertility restorer genes were located on chromosome 7 and 10. Stronger restorer gene (Rf-WA-1) was located on chromosome 7 and weaker restorer gene (Rf-WA-2) was located on chromosome 10. These findings should facilitate tagging of these genes with molecular markers with the ultimate aim to practice marker-aided selection for fertility restoration ability. 相似文献
16.
Honggen Zhang Xiaojun Cheng Lijia Zhang Hua Si Yongshen Ge Minghong Gu Shuzhu Tang 《Euphytica》2018,214(3):49
Wild abortive (WA)-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been exclusively used for breeding three-line hybrid indica rice, but it has not been applied for generating japonica hybrids because of the difficulties related to breeding japonica restorer lines. Determining whether the major restorer-of-fertility (Rf) gene used for indica hybrids can efficiently restore the fertility of WA-type japonica CMS lines may be useful for breeding WA-type japonica restorer lines. In this study, japonica restorer lines for Chinsurah Boro II (BT)-type CMS exhibited varying abilities to restore the fertility of ‘WA-LiuqianxinA’, which is a WA-type japonica CMS line. Additionally, Rf genes for WA-type CMS were identified in the BT-type japonica restorers. Meanwhile, ‘C9083’, which is a BT-type japonica restorer, exhibited a limited ability to restore the fertility of WA-type japonica CMS lines, and a genetic analysis revealed that the fertility restoration was controlled by one locus. The Rf gene was mapped to an approximately 370-kb physical region and was identified as Rf4. Furthermore, Rf gene dosage effects and the temperature influenced the fertility restoration of WA-type japonica CMS lines. This study is the first to confirm that Rf4 has only minor effects on the fertility restoration of WA-type japonica CMS lines. These results may be relevant for the development of WA-type japonica hybrids. 相似文献
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小麦K型不育系育性恢复基因的遗传分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
选用K型不育系豫麦3号、S43及其相应的保持系,与恢复系豫麦2号和豫麦49组配了不育系//保持系/恢复系、不育系//不育系/恢复系和不育系/恢复系//保持系三种回交群体,对小麦K型不育系育性恢复基因进行了遗传分析。结果表明,不同恢复力的恢复系携带的恢复基因对数不同,恢复力较强的豫麦2号携带2对主效基因,恢复力较低的豫麦49仅携带1对主效基因。此外,还有微效基因对育性恢复起作用,这种基因不仅存在于恢复系中,也存在于不育系（保持系）中。在K型细胞质背景下,不携带恢复基因的雄配子的传递率很低,而雌配子传递正常。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜双低萝卜质不育恢复系快速改良技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过采取不同的常规育种策略和小孢子培养、分子标记辅助选择等现代生物技术,研究了提高甘蓝型油菜萝卜质不育恢复系改良效率的方法。结果表明,在甘蓝型油菜萝卜质不育恢复系杂交转育过程中,采用杂交后代与萝卜质不育系杂交,可使杂交后代分离群体中不具备恢复基因的单株在花期表现出来,无须测交即可进行选择;杂交后代通过小孢子培养,可将稳定纯合时间由传统自交8个世代缩短到3个世代;通过萝卜特异分子标记辅助选择可大大提高选择的精度,减少筛选所需的人力、土地和时间,选择效率提高90%。试验筛选出19个在萝卜质不育恢复系中能够扩增出单一、易于辨别的谱带的SCAR标记引物,其中10个引物在现有的甘蓝型油菜萝卜质不育恢复系中均能检测出特异标记。筛选出的甘蓝型油菜萝卜质不育恢复系的特异分子标记与前人研究存在差异,标记相似系数为48.28%~93.10%。通过分子标记无法区分高硫甙和低硫甙恢复系,选育低硫甙萝卜质不育恢复系还需要借助品质分析仪。成功筛选得到6个甘蓝型油菜低芥酸、低硫甙、抗寒、结角正常、农艺性状优良的萝卜质不育恢复系,为将甘蓝型油菜萝卜质不育杂种优势应用于我国油菜生产奠定了基础。 相似文献