共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
干旱胁迫对小麦染色体代换系旗叶相对含水量和离体失水速率的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以中国春-Synthetic 6x小麦染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,对其旗叶相对含水量(RWC)、离体叶片失水速率(RWL)进行测定。结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,1A,2D和3D代换系叶片的相对含水量及其干旱/对照值显著或极显著高于中国春,3A,3B,4B,5B,6B,1D,2D和4D代换系叶片离体失水速率及其干旱/对照值显著或极显著低于中国春。由此表明,Synthetic 6x的1A,2D和3D染色体上可能存在干旱胁迫下调控相对含水量的基因,Synthetic 6x的3A,3B,4B,5B,6B,1D,2D和4D染色体上可能存在干旱胁迫下调控离体失水速率的基因。 相似文献
2.
干旱胁迫对小麦叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的影响及染色体调控 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以中国春-Synthetic 6x小麦染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,在不同生育时期对其叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量进行测定.结果表明,正常水分条件下(对照),5A、5B代换系叶片的叶绿素含量与5B代换系叶片的类胡萝卜素含量在孕穗期、开花期和灌浆期均显著或极显著高于中国春.干旱胁迫下,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量低于对照,3A、4D代换系叶片的叶绿素含量与2A、4D代换系的类胡萝卜素含量始终显著或极显著高于中国春.由此表明,正常水分条件下,Synthetic 6x的5A、5B染色体上可能存在诱导叶绿素含量增高的有利基因,5B染色体上可能存在诱导类胡萝卜素含量增高的有利基因.干旱胁迫下,Synthetic 6x的3A、4D染色体上可能存在诱导叶绿素含量增高的有利基因,2A、4D染色体上可能存在诱导类胡萝卜素含量增高的有利基因. 相似文献
3.
盐胁迫对小麦代换系幼苗叶片保护酶活性影响及染色体效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为研究盐胁迫对小麦代换系酶活性的影响,以中国春-Synthetic 6x 染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,通过测定在盐处理条件下幼苗抗氧化酶SOD、POD活性和丙二醛（ MDA）含量变化,并对其相关耐盐特性的基因进行染色体定位。采用霍格兰营养液水培法,设置对照（0 mmol/L NaCl）和盐处理（150 mmol/L NaCl）,在幼苗两叶一心时进行处理,四叶一心时取样,分别测定对照和盐处理条件下幼苗的SOD和POD活性以及MDA含量。在盐胁迫条件下,小麦代换系幼苗SOD和POD活性显著升高,丙二醛含量降低。其中,1A、5A、6A、1B、5B、6B、7B和5D代换系的SOD活性显著或极显著高于母本中国春,2A、1B、2B、3B、5B、6B、5D和6D代换系的相对SOD 活性显著或极显著高于母本中国春;3A、4A、5A、6A、7A、6B和7D代换系的POD 活性显著或极显著高于中国春,4A、5A、6B、1D和7D 代换系的相对POD活性显著或极显著高于中国春。由于保护酶的作用,在盐胁迫条件下,多数代换系MDA含量明显减少,2A、3A、4A、6A、1B、3B、4B、5B、6B、7B、1D、5D和7D代换系的MDA含量显著或极显著低于母本中国春,2A、6A、6B、1D和2D代换系的相对MDA含量显著或极显著低于母本中国春。 Synthetic 6x 的1B、5B、6B 和5D 染色体上可能存在诱导幼苗SOD活性增强的基因,4A、5A、6B和7D染色体上可能存在诱导幼苗POD 活性增强的基因,抑制幼苗MDA含量增高的基因可能存在于2A、6A、6B和1D染色体上。 相似文献
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5.
低磷胁迫对小麦代换系叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的影响及染色体效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以中国春-Synthetic 6x染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,通过测定不同磷处理条件下孕穗期、开花期、灌浆期旗叶的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,研究低磷胁迫对相关生理性状的影响,并对控制其含量的相关基因进行染色体定位.结果表明,低磷胁迫下,中国春-Synthetic 6x染色体代换系及其亲本的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的含量在测定的各生育时期中明显低于对照;Synthetic 6x的2A、1B、7B染色体上携有诱导叶绿素含量增高的相关基因;2A、3A、7B、6D染色体上携有诱导类胡萝卜素含量增高的相关基因. 相似文献
6.
低磷胁迫对小麦代换系可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的影响及染色体效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以中国春-Synthetic 6x染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,通过测定不同磷处理条件下孕穗期、开花期、灌浆期旗叶的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,研究低磷胁迫对相关生理性状的影响,并对控制可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的相关基因进行染色体定位.结果表明,低磷胁迫下,中国春-Synthetic 6x染色体代换系及其亲本的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量在测定的各生育时期中明显低于对照;Synthetic 6x的2A、3A、5B、7D染色体上可能存在促进可溶性糖含量增加的基因;3A染色体上可能存在诱导可溶性蛋白含量增加的基因. 相似文献
7.
以中国春-Synthetic 6x染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,通过测定不同磷处理条件下孕穗期、开花期、灌浆期旗叶的荧光参数,研究低磷胁迫对荧光参数的影响,并对控制荧光参数的相关基因进行染色体定位。结果表明,低磷胁迫导致小麦代换系及其亲本的最大荧光（ Fm）、PSⅡ原初光能转换效率（ Fv/Fm）在测定的各生育时期中明显低于对照,初始荧光（Fo）明显高于对照;Synthetic 6x的3D染色体上可能存在低磷胁迫下调控Fo的有利基因;3B染色体上可能存在调控Fm的有利基因;3B、7D染色体上可能存在调控Fv/Fm的有利基因。 相似文献
8.
小麦耐热性基因的染色体定位和遗传效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以中国春-HOPE染色体代换系为试验材料，利用细胞膜热稳定性和大田生产条件下高温胁迫两种方法，对与耐热性有关的基因进行了染色体定位。结果表明，无论是利用膜热稳定性方法，还是利用大田高温胁迫环境进行耐热性评价的方法，HOPE的2A，3A，2B，3B和4B染色体代换到中国春相应染色体后，均显著提高了中国春的耐热性，证明这些染色体含有与耐热性有关的基因。在大田高温胁迫环境条件下，HOPE的3D，4A，5A和5B染色体也表现与耐热性有关。利用单染色体代换系和不同耐热性代换系杂交组合，对耐热性的基因效应分析结果显示，HOPE2A染色体上的耐热性基因表现为显性效应，3A，2B，3A和4B染色体上的耐热性基因表现为加性效应；3B与4B，3A与2A，3B与2B以及这些染色体上的耐热性基因与2A染色体上的耐热性基因之间均可能存在互作效应。 相似文献
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以具有强抗逆性Synthetic 6×为染色体供体的中国春背景A染色体组代换系为材料,研究了A染色体组各对染色体代换对低氮胁迫下小麦氮效率的影响。结果表明,与CS相比,供体的植株干物质量显著降低,植株含氮量显著增加。用供体A染色体组各对染色体对CS相应染色体进行替换后,各染色体代换系1A～7A的植株干物质量和含氮量数值居于供体和CS之间。其中,6A植株干物质量较CS的降低幅度最小,较供体的增幅最大;5A植株干物质量较CS的降低幅度最大,较供体的增幅最小。供体的植株含氮量显著高于受体CS。与CS相比,2A和6A的植株含氮量显著高于CS,其他代换系与CS的差异不显著。在低氮胁迫条件下,6A和2A的植株氮累积量较供体和CS显著增加。研究表明,小麦植株对低氮条件下的氮素吸收能力表现明显的染色体效应,供体6A和2A含有植株抵御低氮胁迫的氮高效相关基因。 相似文献
10.
小麦品种苏麦3号抗赤霉病基因的染色体定位研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
本研究以苏麦3号为染色体供体,一套“中国春”小麦单体系列分别作为受体和轮回母本,连续回交4次,并建立两套独立转育的重复系,对赤霉病抗性进行了染色体定位研究。结果表明,重复系Ⅰ中,苏麦3号染色体2B、3B和6B与赤霉病抗性有关;重复系Ⅱ中,染色体7A、2B、3B和6B与赤霉病抗性有关。由此推断,苏麦3号的抗性基因位于染色体2B、3B和6B上,染色体7A是否具有抗性基因,还有待于进一步证实。2D染色体载有促进赤霉病扩展的感病基因。 相似文献
11.
Chromosome substitution lines of the wheat variety ‘Cappelle Desprez’ into ‘Chinese Spring’ were tested for drought tolerance in growth chambers in the Martonvásár phytotron. Three different moisture regimes were created: E1, fully irrigated control; E2, mid-season water stress (preanthesis); and E3, terminal water-stress during grain filling. Data were analysed to estimate the chromosomal location of the genes controlling relative water-content (RWC), relative water-loss (RWL), drought-susceptibility index (DSI) and phenotypic stability in each substitution line. Simultaneous consideration indicated that most of the genes controlling these characters are located on chromosomes 1A, 5A, 7A,4B, 5B, 1D, 3D and 5D. 相似文献
12.
J. Sutka 《Euphytica》1977,26(2):475-479
Summary The association of genes for purple pigment in the coleoptile with the chromosomes of the winter wheat variety Mironovskaya 808 was investigated using monosomic F2 analysis. The segregation ratio for F2 hybrids of Chinese Spring monosomics x Mironovskya 808 seems to indicate that the purple colour of the coleoptile is determined by two dominant genes, Rc3 and Rc4, which are located on the chromosomes 7D and 6B respectively, and which reinforce each other. Apart from these two genes, suppressors found on the chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 4B and 6A also play a role in the intensity of the purple colour.With the aid of a Chinese Spring telocentric chromosome marker it was observed that the Rc3 gene is located on the chromosome arm 7DS, at a distance of 16±4.23 crossover units from the centromere. 相似文献
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The effects of NaCl on the growth, ion relations and physiological characteristics at early stages of growth of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties ‘Chinese Spring’ and ‘Glennson 81’, ‘Chinese Spring’ lines tetrasomic for chromosomes 5A, 2B and 5B, ‘Chinese Spring’ disomic addition lines for chromosomes 2Eb and 5Eb from Thinopyrum bessarabicum (formerly Agropyron junceum), and amphiploids between ‘Chinese Spring’ and Thinopyrum bessarabicum and ‘Chinese Spring’ and Lophopyrum elongatum (formerly Agropyron elongatum) were examined. Plants were grown in a controlled environment cabinet, in nutrient solution with or without addition of 200 mol m?3 NaCl. Growth in terms of leaf area, shoot and root weights was reduced by salt treatment. Salinity conditions gradually reduced the osmotic potential, though there was little effect on water potential. Turgor pressure was not much affected by salt. There was variation between genotypes for all the characteristics studied, especially in the extent of Na accumulation by leaves and roots. The amphiploids and 5Eb addition line accumulated the least Na in comparison with other genotypes. Generally roots accumulated lower quantities of Na than leaves. Genotype K contents were not affected by salt treatment. Stomatal conductance also declined whilst the ABA content increased in the salt treated seedlings. With respect to growth, the amphiploids and 5Eb addition line were most tolerant to salt while ‘Glennson 81’, tetrasomic 2B and tetrasomic 5B lines were most susceptible. The addition of homoeologous group 2 and 5 chromosomes reduced the tolerance to salt relative to ‘Chinese Spring’ euploid. It is concluded that chromosome 5Eb of Thinopyrum bessarabicum carries gene(s) for tolerance to salt and this tolerance may be due to the ability to exclude Na ions from the leaves and roots. 相似文献
14.
Chromosomal location of resistance to two virulent Argentinean isolatesof Septoria tritici was studied in two wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) cultivars (Cappelle-Desprez & Cheyenne), a synthetic hexaploid(Synthetic 6x) and Triticum spelta in seedlings. Substitution lines of these(resistant or moderately resistant) genotypes into (susceptible) ChineseSpring were selected from a previous screening. For Synthetic 6x,resistance was clearly located in chromosome 7D. Chinese Spring with the7D chromosome substituted by Synthetic 6x showed almost completeresistance, similar to the level of Synthetic 6x. For the substitutions withCappelle-Desprez, Cheyenne, and T.spelta there were no lines with abehaviour similar to the resistant parent. However, some substitutions weremore resistant than the susceptible parent suggesting that severalchromosomes could be involved in the resistance of these genotypes toSeptoria leaf blotch. 相似文献
15.
In order to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for drought tolerance in wheat during seed germination conditional and unconditional QTL analyses of eight seedling traits were conducted under two water regimes using three related F9 recombinant inbred line populations with a common female parent. A total of 87 QTLs for the eight seedlings traits and 34 specific QTLs related to drought tolerance were detected. Seventy-one of these QTLs were major QTLs with contributions to phenotypic variance of >10 %. Of the 34 QTLs related to drought tolerance only eight were also detected by unconditional analysis of seedling traits under osmotic stress conditions indicating that most of the QTLs related to drought tolerance could not be detected by unconditional QTL analysis. Therefore, conditional QTL analysis of stress-tolerance traits such as drought tolerance was feasible and effective. Of 11 important QTL clusters located on chromosomes 1BL, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 4A, 6B, and 7B, nine were detected in multiple populations and eight were detected by both unconditional and conditional analyses. 相似文献
16.
西藏小麦及半野生小麦异染色质分化的C-带研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以Giemsa C-带技术研究了西藏小麦、西藏半野生小麦和中国春的异染色质分化。它们之间的带型没有很大的差异,但出现了C-带多态性。多态性主要表现在A、B组染色体和分布于染色体臂的中部及端部。以中国春C-带为标准的比较表明,半野生小麦的多态性所属染色体主要为A组的2A、6A和7A,B组的2B、3B、4B和7B,西藏小麦为2A、7A和7B。推测它们同属一个类群,西藏半野生小麦比西藏小麦和中国春原始,并非是来自栽培小麦的杂交后裔。 相似文献
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在人工控水条件下,以15个甘薯品种为试验材料,设置正常灌水和干旱胁迫2个土壤水分处理,研究了干旱胁迫条件下不同甘薯品种叶片生理特性的差异。结果表明,干旱胁迫条件下,叶面积系数均不同程度下降,反映了品种抗旱性的差异。通过抗旱系数聚类分析,将15个甘薯品种分为3个抗旱类型,抗旱品种:济薯21、济薯25、济徐23、济薯15、烟薯25;中等抗旱品种:徐薯18、济薯26、北京553、济紫薯2号、济薯18;不抗旱品种:郑薯20、济紫薯3号、济薯22、济紫薯1号、凌紫。叶面积系数与抗旱系数的相关性分析表明,干旱胁迫条件下抗旱性强的甘薯品种可维持较高的叶面积系数;而正常灌水条件下的叶面积系数不能反映甘薯品种抗旱性。干旱胁迫导致功能叶叶绿素含量和相对含水量下降,叶片相对电导率升高。干旱胁迫条件下,功能叶叶绿素含量和相对含水量与甘薯品种的抗旱性呈显著正相关关系,而功能叶相对电导率则与甘薯品种抗旱性呈显著的负相关关系。因此,叶面积系数以及功能叶叶绿素含量、相对含水量和相对电导率等指标可作为甘薯品种抗旱性鉴定的评价指标。 相似文献