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大口黑鲈北方亚种、佛罗里达亚种及其杂交子代的生长和形态差异分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以大口黑鲈北方亚种和佛罗里达亚种为亲本,建立了北方亚种自交N(北方亚种♀×北方亚种♂)、佛罗里达亚种自交F(佛罗里达亚种♀×佛罗里达亚种♂)、正交子代NF(北方亚种♀×佛罗里达亚种♂)和反交子代FN(佛罗里达亚种♀×北方亚种♂)4个试验群体,并对其生长性能和形态学差异进行了比较。N、NF和FN的生长性能比较结果表明,在90～152日龄期间,3个试验群体生长速率差别不大,在152日龄后大口黑鲈北方亚种的生长速度明显快于两杂交子代。可数性状的分析结果表明,4个试验组在腹鳍、臀鳍硬棘、鳃耙和脊椎骨上均无差异;正反交子代与两亲本在背鳍条、胸鳍条、臀鳍条、尾鳍条、侧线上鳞、侧线下鳞的数量上均达到极显著差异(P0.01)。可量性状和框架结构数据的聚类分析结果表明,N和F聚为一支,NF和FN聚为一支,然后这两支再汇聚;主成分分析概括出方差贡献率较大的3个主成分,累积贡献率为71.44%,主成分1主要反映鱼体框架的变化,方差贡献率为54.90%,主成分2和主成分3主要反映鱼的头部、背部和尾部的形态变化,方差贡献率分别为11.21%和5.33%。在35个测量参数中挑选11个对判别贡献较大的参数建立4个群体的判别函数,判别准确率为83.90%～100.00%。研究结果为杂种大口黑鲈的鉴定、育种及养殖提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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3.
基于线粒体D-loop区探讨我国养殖大口黑鲈的分类地位和遗传变异 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对大口黑鲈国内养殖种群(G)和北方亚种(N)、佛罗里达亚种(F)两个野生种群共23个个体的线粒体DNA D-loop区序列进行分析,探讨国内养殖大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)的分类地位和遗传变异。D-loop区序列分析结果表明,共检测到73个变异位点,总变异率为9.0%。三群体间没有共享单倍型,群体G的5个个体含2种单倍型,群体N的11个个体含9种单倍型,群体F中每个个体均为一种单倍型。对三个群体间的遗传距离分析表明,养殖群体与北方亚种野生群体的遗传距离为0.009,与佛罗里达亚种野生群体的遗传距离为0.053,表明国内养殖的大口黑鲈在分类上属于北方亚种,分子系统进化树的进一步分析结果与其一致。群体N、F和G的核苷酸多样性指数(π)依次为0.008 2,0.013和0.000 5,单倍型多样性指数(h)分别为0.946,1.000和0.400,显示出养殖大口黑鲈群体的遗传多样性相比国外野生群体有明显下降,有必要开展大口黑鲈的遗传改良研究,提高其种质质量。 相似文献
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大口黑鲈北方亚种群体和“优鲈1号”群体及其正反杂交子代的遗传和生长性能比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为解决国内养殖的大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)群体遗传多样性下降问题,进一步培育快长和抗逆性强的大口黑鲈优良品种,以引进的大口黑鲈北方亚种群体(N)和大口黑鲈"优鲈1号"(G)为亲本,通过自交和正反杂交获得4个大口黑鲈群体,利用12对微卫星引物对其进行遗传多样性及遗传结构分析,采用金属丝线码(CWT)标记后在相同池塘养殖条件下对4个群体的生长性能进行比较分析。结果显示,12对微卫星引物在所有个体中均能扩增出清晰条带,在120尾样本中共扩增到126个等位基因,北方亚种自交群体(N)、"优鲈1号"自交群体(G)、正交群体NG[N(♀)×G(♂)]、反交群体GN[G(♀)×N(♂)]的平均期望杂合度(H_e)分别为0.491、0.454、0.553和0.519,平均观测杂合度(H_o)分别为0.519、0.480、0.729和0.664,平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.407、0.412、0.454和0.425。结果表明,正反交群体的遗传多样性均高于自交群体,其中NG群体的遗传多样性最高。对群体间的遗传分化分析表明,GN群体与N和G群体间遗传分化最大,分别为0.125和0.149。UPGMA聚类分析显示,N群体和G群体首先聚为一支,再与NG群体聚为一支,最后与GN群体聚合。对4个群体的3～12月龄的子代生长性状进行对比,GN群体的体质量绝对增长率(AGR)和特定增长率(SGR)分别为1.44 g·d~(-1)和1.04%·d~(-1),均高于其他群体。研究结果可为今后大口黑鲈良种培育和遗传改良提供科学依据。 相似文献
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《南方水产科学》2021,(5)
文章以大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)佛山群体和台湾群体为亲本,建立了佛山自交、台湾自交、正交子代(佛山♀×台湾♂)、反交子代(台湾♀×佛山♂) 4个试验群体,通过6个月的养殖试验,对其生长和形态差异进行了比较。结果显示,正反交子代的生长性能和体质量变异系数均高于2个亲代自交群体。形态分析结果表明,4个试验群体的形态差异主要集中于躯干的中部和尾部。前三主成分累计贡献率达92.9%,第一主成分贡献率为71.3%,主要反映躯体前、中部形态特征;第二主成分贡献率为16.6%,主要反映躯体后部特征。前二主成分因子得分散点图中4个群体重叠区域较小,可以完全区分。将可量性状和框架性状结合在一起所构建的逐步判定模型推测准确率最高(86.7%～96.0%)。研究结果可为大口黑鲈佛山群体、台湾群体及其杂交子代的生长与形态鉴定提供基础数据。 相似文献
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罗非鱼杂交F1代与亲本的遗传关系及其杂种优势的利用 总被引：30，自引：3，他引：27
用ＲＡＰＤ 技术研究奥利亚罗非鱼和尼罗罗非鱼杂交子代和亲本的遗传关系及其在杂种优势中的应用。在所用的１６ 个随机引物中,有１１ 个引物在罗非鱼亲代和杂交子代间呈现多态。遗传相似性指数和遗传距离的计算结果表明,正交子代（ 尼罗罗非鱼♀×奥利亚罗非鱼♂） 在遗传关系上界于亲代之间,不表现出明显的倾向性;而反交子代（ 奥利亚罗非鱼♀×尼罗罗非鱼♂） 却与母本奥利亚罗非鱼极其相似。说明正、反交子代与两亲本遗传相似性有明显的不同,表明遗传性状介于两亲本之间的杂交子代更有可能形成显著的杂种优势。同时发现,扩增片段ＯＰＡ０７１９００ 、ＯＰＡ０７９６０ 、ＯＰＺ１４７２０ 和ＯＰＺ１４６００ 可以作为鉴别尼罗罗非鱼、奥利亚罗非鱼和正交子代的遗传标记。 相似文献
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微卫星标记对红鳍东方鲀繁殖的指导应用及遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用已有设计的20个具有多态性的微卫星标记对16尾红鳍东方鲀亲鱼(10尾♂,6尾♀)的有效等位基因数、观望杂合度、期望杂合度、多态信息含量、遗传相似性系数、遗传距离等进行了检测.据此设计了10对亲鱼配组,获得10个子代家系.其中母本中16和8号的平均有效等位基因数和平均期望杂合度较其他亲本高,将其分别与3个父本配组,其他则参照遗传距离进行配组.于次年,对F110个家系的体质量、体长均值进行了比对,发现16♀与11♂配组得到的子代体质量、体长均值为最大.8♀和10♂配组得到的子代体质量、体长均值最小.结果表明,红鳍东方鲀子代杂种优势与亲本个体差异有关. 相似文献
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云斑尖塘鳢、线纹尖塘鳢及其杂交子一代间的遗传关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用RAPD技术研究云斑尖塘鳢、线纹尖塘鳢及其杂交子一代(F1)间的遗传关系。筛选得到25个随机引物均在亲本和杂交子一代间呈现多态,遗传相似性指数和遗传距离的计算结果显示,正交F1(云斑尖塘鳢♂×线纹尖塘鳢♀)与母本平均遗传相似系数(0.7090)高于与父本平均遗传相似系数(0.5948);反交F1(云斑尖塘鳢♀×线纹尖塘鳢♂)与母本平均遗传相似系数(0.6301)也高于与父本平均遗传相似系数(0.6089)。说明正反交子代在遗传关系上均偏向各自的母本,对扩增带和聚类图的分析均得到这一结果,表明F1所接受的双亲遗传物质并非完全对等的,所获得的遗传信息可能更多来自母本。 相似文献
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杂交黄颡鱼(黄颡鱼♀×瓦氏黄颡鱼♂)及其双亲遗传多样性的微卫星分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
先从瓦氏黄颡鱼转录组EST序列筛选获得53个微卫星多态性位点,然后筛选出42对能在黄颡鱼和杂交黄颡鱼(黄颡鱼♀×瓦氏黄颡鱼♂)中稳定扩增的微卫星引物,最终选用9对多态性较高的微卫星引物对3个群体进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。试验结果显示,3个群体(黄颡鱼、瓦氏黄颡鱼、杂交黄颡鱼)的平均有效等位基因数分别为2.5300、3.7697、3.0640;平均观测杂合度分别为0.2970、0.7292、0.4492;3个群体多态信息含量分别为0.3803、0.6746、0.5696。杂交黄颡鱼群体具有较为丰富的遗传多样性,有一定的杂交优势和良种选育潜力。其中杂交子代与母本黄颡鱼、父本瓦氏黄颡鱼的遗传距离分别为0.9006和1.8195,表明杂交子代与两亲本的遗传差异不对等,偏向母本一方,这与系统进化树的分析结果一致。 相似文献
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为探讨三角鲂、翘嘴鲌及其杂交子代的生长性能与形态差异,本研究开展了广东东江三角鲂(MT)与长江水系翘嘴鲌(CA)远缘杂交实验,获得了三角鲂♀×翘嘴鲌♂新型鲂鲌杂交F1优良组合。以团头鲂(MA)♀×翘嘴鲌♂杂交F1、三角鲂、翘嘴鲌、团头鲂自交子代4个群体为对照,比较分析了MT♀×CA♂杂交F1的生长性能及形态差异。结果显示,(1)土池同池生长性能在1龄时,MT♀×CA♂、MA♀×CA♂表现出显著的超父本CA杂种优势;2龄时,MT♀×CA♂、MA♀×CA♂表现出显著的超双亲生长优势;3龄时,MT♀×CA♂不仅具显著的超双亲生长优势,且体质量也显著高于MA♀×CA♂。(2)MT♀×CA♂的可数和可量性状多数表现为中间型。可数性状的分析结果显示,MT♀×CA♂臀鳍等多个性状介于父母本之间,平均杂种指数为65.00,接近中间值,略偏向于父本CA。可量性状表明MT♀×CA♂有7个性状分别与父母本有显著性差异,平均杂种指数为51.61,接近理想的中间值。(3)聚类分析显示鲂鲌杂种MT♀×CA♂和MA♀×CA♂聚为一支,MT和MA聚为一支,然后这两支汇聚后与CA聚为一支。主成分分析得到累计贡献率达56.02%的3个主成分,反映了鱼体高、躯干、头部和尾部的形态变异;通过构建5个群体的判别函数进行判别分析,判别准确率为87.1%~100.0%。研究表明,三角鲂(♀)×翘嘴鲌(♂)F1杂种表现出生长快、形态优等优良性状,有望进一步培育成为优良鲂鲌杂交新品种。 相似文献
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Abstract– Lake Ashbaugh, located in northeast Arkansas, was constructed in 1981, and initially stocked with Florida largemouth bass followed by supplemental stockings of northern largemouth bass. Allele frequencies of three discriminant allozyme loci (sAAT-B, sIDH-B, sMDH-B) between Florida and northern largemouth bass were determined for 414 largemouth bass collected between 1994 and 1996. Fx bass dominated our sample, with 62.3% possessing Florida largemouth bass alleles. A high incidence of Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium was observed, indicative of genetic change within the population. No significant differences were identified for frequency of age classes, relative weight, and length at age between the northern, F1 and Fx phenotypes. Despite being located north of what is generally considered suitable for stocking Florida largemouth bass, it was demonstrated that temperature is not selective at present against bass possessing Florida largemouth bass alleles. However, caution should prevail when introducing non-native stock into native gene complexes, as introduced genes persist through many generations. 相似文献
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Since 1972, numerous impoundments throughout Texas have been stocked with Florida largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus. In order to examine some of the long-term effects of such efforts, the present study summarizes past studies and complements those with more current observations on the intergrade largemouth bass population in Aquilla Lake, Hill Country, Texas. The reservoir received 4 annual stockings during the month of May from 1982 to 1985. Collections occurred periodically from February 1984 to June 1987, February to August 1988, and monthly from August 1991 to November 1992. Horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis was conducted to determine allele frequencies at loci sAAT-B*, SOD*1. Mean heterozygosity and percent introgression were highest for age-0 fish of the 1986 year class. Assortative mating was not apparent in 1991 or 1992 year classes. Collections of specific year classes over time consistently indicated decreases in the relative abundance of the northern phenotype. Relative to the northern phenotype, the abundance of Florida year classes remained relatively constant over time. Relative abundances of F1 hybrids and Fx, intergrades (i. e., F1) from specific year glasses were observed to generally increase with age. 相似文献
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Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) is a recently discovered iridovirus that causes a fatal disease of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède). Fish can become infected by waterborne LMBV, but oral transmission of this virus has not been demonstrated previously. Largemouth bass were gavaged with guppies, Poecilia reticulata Peters, which had been injected with LMBV, and then sampled periodically during a 7‐week observation period. The dose of LMBV averaged 105.6 tissue culture infectious doses – 50% cytopathic endpoint (TCID50) per largemouth bass. Five of 24 largemouth bass exposed to LMBV became infected with the virus, but none of the fish had clinical signs typical of LMBV disease. Virus titres in largemouth bass were highest in swim bladder (105.5–9.5 TCID50 g?1) and were 105.2 TCID50 g?1 or lower in cutaneous mucus, head kidney, trunk kidney, spleen, gonad and intestine. These results indicate that LMBV can be transmitted orally to largemouth bass, but further study is needed to determine the factors affecting pathogenicity of the virus. 相似文献
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A 74‐day experiment was conducted to evaluate the production performance and water quality variation in three types of farming system for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. The tested aquaculture models included monoculture of largemouth bass (MC), polyculture of largemouth bass, gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (PC), and integrated culture of largemouth bass, gibel carp, silver carp and freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii (IC). The ratio of largemouth bass, gibel carp and silver carp was 30:2:1 in the PC model, and the ratio of largemouth bass, gibel carp, silver carp and mussel was 30:2:1:5 in the IC model. The largemouth bass were fed with formulated feed twice daily. No significant differences were found in weight gain and yield of largemouth bass, total fish yield, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) utilization efficiencies, N and P wastes, pH, nitrite, nitrate, reactive phosphate, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, 5‐day biochemical oxygen demand, chlorophyll a, primary productivity among the MC, PC and IC models. The ammonia was lower, while the dissolved oxygen was higher in the PC tanks than in the MC tanks. These results suggest that the environment situation was better in the PC tanks relative to that in the MC tanks. The present study reveals that the PC model should be a way to optimize the aquaculture model for commercial largemouth bass farming. 相似文献
15.
Abstract Nine largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides Lacepède, >1.5 kg were implanted with radio tags and tracked for 1 year in an embayment of Lake Seminole, Georgia, USA. Most largemouth bass movement was <50 m h−1 in all seasons and at all times of day. During the day largemouth bass were offshore in deeper water near large woody structures and moved little. Movement was lower during dusk and night periods, and a general movement towards shoreline areas was evident. Water depths where largemouth bass were located had bimodal distributions in all seasons and diel periods, with one mode typically at depths <1 m and another around 3 m. Home ranges were typically largest in the summer and smallest in the winter. Largemouth bass appeared to divide their time between an offshore resting area, primarily occupied during the day, and a near-shore area, where foraging presumably occurred, primarily used during low-light periods. The largemouth bass population in Lake Seminole consists of multiple overlapping subpopulations, offering the opportunity for embayment-specific management. 相似文献
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Thomas M. Detmer Kyle J. Broadway Joseph J. Parkos Matthew J. Diana David H. Wahl 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2020,27(5):540-543
Tournament fishing has risen in popularity over the last half a century. As such, social and financial incentives combined with technological advancements are expected to drive changes in angler's capacity to exploit tournament‐eligible fish stocks, as has been observed in commercial fisheries. The aim of this study was to quantify temporal trends in angler efficiency and their ability to exploit a given fish stock relative to effort in largemouth bass fishing tournaments. A collective analysis across seven Illinois reservoirs comparing change through time in angler catch rates and relative population abundances indicated that angler efficiency has generally improved through time. For the decade from 2005 to 2015, a greater than threefold increase in the efficiency of anglers to exploit a static population of largemouth bass was estimated. Anglers have become more efficient at exploiting populations, which is likely to influence management decisions in the future, particularly in harvest‐orientated fisheries and those reliant upon fishery‐dependent surveys. 相似文献
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The largemouth bass is a sight feeder and one of the most popular freshwater fish for lure fishing. While lures a have variety of colors and forms, there is no information on the color vision and form perception in the largemouth bass. We recorded S-potentials from the isolate retinae of the largemouth bass to examine color vision electrophysiologically. The occurrence of the C-response provided direct evidence for the possession of color vision. L-responses recorded indicated a high spectral sensitivity to red. The direction and distance of lens movement of a specimen of 43 cm in fork length indicated a horizontal visual axis and the near point at 13.5 cm, respectively. The visual acuity calculated from the cone density and the focal distance of the lens was 0.10. Histological characteristics of the retina indicated that the eyes are well adapted to both form and movement perceptions. 相似文献
18.
Abstract Factors that can influence changes in lipid class concentrations in specific tissues have not been reported for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. We investigated patterns of lipid composition by measuring seasonal levels of total lipid and major lipid classes in the muscle and liver tissues of juvenile and adult largemouth bass and gonad tissue of adults. Fish were collected in December, February, April and July to correspond with key stages of the sexual cycle. Total lipid concentrations were substantially greater in hepatic (32.8 [female] to 56.6 [male] mg. g?1) and gonadal tissues (34.4 [F] to 204.0 [M] mg. g?1) than in muscle (7. 5 [F] to 11.4 [M] mg. g?1). Muscle lipid concentrations in juveniles were significantly higher (10.9 [F] and 11.4 [M] mg. g?1) in summer than in winter in adult muscle tissue (8.6 [F] and 9.4 [MI mg. g?1). A 44% increase in ovary lipid was observed from preparatory to prespawn stages, followed by a 78% decline after the spawn. Additionally, seasonal hepatic lipid concentrations were substantially higher in juveniles. Concentrations of lipid classes (free cholesterol [C], triacylglycerol [TAG], free-fatty acids [FFA], esterified cholesterol [CE] and phospholipid [PL]) of all tissue types varied significantly among season, sex, and maturity categories. Changes with all lipid classes in the ovary coincided with those occurring in total ovarian lipid. Mobilization and transport of TAG and PL from the liver to the ovary appeared to occur during gametogenesis. All class concentrations in juveniles were invariably higher in liver than in muscle, but seasonally variable among hepatic and gonad tissues of adults. Juvenile males showed slightly greater hepatic C concentrations than other groups. Muscle and hepatic C were generally higher in juveniles. 相似文献