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1.
Fusarium is one of the most important pathogenic and toxigenic fungi widely distributed all over the world, including Iran. Fusarium species are found frequently in stored agriculture products especially wheat. The objective of this study was to identify Fusarium species associated with stored wheat seeds and their pathogenicity on root and head of wheat in Kermanshah, the leading province in wheat production in Iran. In this survey 75 seed samples of stored wheat were collected from 10 different regions during 2006-2008 and tested for the presence of Fusarium. Fusarium spp. were found in 51 (68%) of 75 samples. A total of 580 Fusarium strains were isolated, identified and preserved. All these strains belong to 20 Fusarium spp. according to morphological characters. Each conidial suspension of selected strains representing all species was evaluated for their pathogenicity on roots and spikes of healthy wheat var. Fallat in the greenhouse. F. graminearum, F. crookwellense, F. trichothecioides, F. culmorum and F. verticillioides were the most pathogenic to wheat's head. Foot rot assessment revealed that F. pseudograminearum and F. culmorum were the most damaging species. Of the Fusarium isolates, F. graminearum was the most prevalent followed by F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum. This is the first comprehensive report on identity and distribution of Fusarium spp. from stored wheat seeds in Iran while F. nelsonii was reported for the first time from wheat seeds in Iran.  相似文献   

2.
为了明确湖北省小麦条锈菌生理小种的构成以及变化动态,利用中国鉴别寄主对2015年采自湖北省6个地(市)的102份条锈病标样进行了群体结构分析,鉴定到已知条锈菌小种(类型)19个,其中CYR33和CYR32是湖北省的优势小种,出现频率分别居第一位(40.2%)和第二位(17.65%),其他小种(类型)以水源11类群、Hybrid 46类群以及贵农22类群为主,首次从湖北省标样中监测到贵农22菌系,其出现频率为17.64%.群体多样性研究结果表明,被测条锈病标样在物种水平上的Nei's基因多样性指数(H)为 0.19,Shannon's信息指数(I)为0.31,表明湖北省小麦条锈菌毒性多样性比较丰富.UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,湖北省小麦条锈菌群体毒性遗传相似系数范围为0.95~0.99,相似系数较高,遗传距离较小,群体之间交流广泛,并且毒性遗传结构与地理距离无相关性.  相似文献   

3.
Field studies were organized for exploring the moss flora of Hatila Valley National Park of Artvin (Turkey) during spring-summer period in 2005-2006. The taxonomic survey yielded eighty-five moss taxa o(comprises of seventy-nine species, six varieties) belonging to 44 genera of 16 families in Hatila Valley National Park of Artvin, Turkey. Bryum rubens Milt., Dicranodontium uncinatufm (Harv.) A. Jaeger., Eurhynchium hians var. rigidum (Boul.) Düll., Hypnum jutlandicum Holmen and Warncke, Rhynchostegiella jacquinii (Garov.) Limpr. and Pseudocrossidium hornschuchianum (Schultz) R. H. Z ander are new records for A4 grid square (40 degrees-42' N, 38 degrees-42' E) determined. All taxa were found for the first time in Artvin. For every each taxon, the habitat pattern and distribution data are presented.  相似文献   

4.
During 2007 and 2008, soil samples of wheat and barley fields of the cold regions of the Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province were surveyed for cereal cyst nematode. In 65% of samples cysts were seen. Morphological and morphometrics of cysts, cone top structure and second stage juveniles of the isolated populations were studied. Detailed taxonomic studies revealed the existence of H. filipjevi. This is the first report of the species in the province.  相似文献   

5.
The present study has been designed in order to verify the species composition within Anopheles maculipennis complex in North West of Iran. We determined ribosomal DNA sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region from samples of Anopheles maculipennis Complex in Zanjan province. A total of 1536 specimens within the Complex were tested by Multiplex PCR, only An. maculipennis was found in this area. One clone out of four different individual mosquitoes of each field was generated with ITS2 PCR and half of them (192 samples) selected randomly for RFLPs. PCR-RFLP assay identified 2 haplotypes; haplotype I (99%) and haplotype II (1%). Twenty five sequences were generated comprising the 5.8S gene, the ITS2 and the 28S ribosomal gene. The alignment was 422 in length and percentage of GC content was 50.3% (26.07% A, 23.59% T, 26.78% C, 23.7% G). The ITS2 was 290 bp in length and two haplotypes were revealed varying by a single base (T<-->C) at site 378. An. maculipennis is the dominant species anopheline of the province. ITS2 analysis revealed evidence of a slightly interaspecific variation among populations. However, further investigations on the genetic polymorphism among An. maculipennis populations and in particular within those belonging to the continental haplotype are required to support any hypothesis on differences in behavior across the distribution range for this potential malaria vector.  相似文献   

6.
This study was carried out in a natural pasture in Van province of Turkey between the years of 2004 and 2005 to determine the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on herbage yield. The study was performed in randomized block with three replications. 0, 4, 8, 16 kg da(-1) nitrogen and 0, 6, 12 kg da(-1) phosphorus applications were examined. The effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer applications on plant height, green herbage and crude protein yield were significant for both years. Depending on the increasing nitrogen and phosphorus applications, significant increases were in green herbage, hay and crude protein yields. According to results, differences between 8 and 16 kg da(-1) doses of nitrogen and 6 and 12 kg da(-1) doses of phosphorus applications were insignificant. In the first year, in terms of nitrogen applications, the highest green herbage, hay and crude protein yield (1423.1, 263.3 and 29.2 kg da(-1)) were obtained from 8 kg N da(-1), in the second year, the highest values (1426.1, 602.7 and 67.8 kg da(-1)) were obtained from 16 kg N da(-1) application. As for the phosphorus applications, in the first year, the highest green herbage yield was 1142.2 kg da(-1) at the 6 kg P2O5/da application, hay and crude protein yields (218.2, 23.1 kg da(-1)) were recorded from 12 kg P2O5/da application. In the second year, the highest green herbage, hay and crude protein yields were (1335.8, 549.6 and 66.1 kg da(-1)) determined at the 12 kg P2O5/da application.  相似文献   

7.
This study aimed to determine the resistance/susceptibility to fire blight of apple germplasm resources from the province of Erzincan in eastern Turkey. In total, 32 native apple accessions from four regions within the province were tested under greenhouse conditions by inoculating the shoot tips with pathogenic bacterium. Shoot tips were wounded for inoculation. Genotypical susceptibility index (GSI%) values were computed for each genotype based on the length of the lesion that developed on each shoot. Accessions were grouped into five classes of resistance/susceptibility, as follows: Class A (resistant); Class B (moderately resistant); Class C (moderately susceptible); Class D (susceptible); and Class E (highly susceptible). GSI% values differed significantly among accessions (p < 0.01). Five accessions received a rating of Class A, and 7 accessions received a rating of Class B. This was followed by 9 accessions with a rating of Class C, 5 accessions with a rating of Class D and 6 accessions with a rating of Class E. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to breeding efforts with respect to apple resistance to fire blight.  相似文献   

8.
The control of mosquito borne diseases needs new methods given widespread insecticide resistance in many mosquito species. The inherited endosymbiont Wolbachia, found in many arthropods, provides a biological system to reduce the transmission of these diseases and replace the population of vectors with non-vectors using cytoplasmic incompatibility. The aim of this study was to understand the rate of Wolbachia infection among Culex species in the region and to see the effect of Wolbachia infection on mitochondrial genome. In this study three species of Culex mosquitoes were collected from Shoushtar in south west of Iran and examined for Wolbachia infection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). All of the C. quinquefasciatus specimens were infected with Wolbachia, while C. tritaeniorynchus and C. theileri showed no infection with Wolbachia. The 340 bp of AT rich of mtDNA was sequenced from 30 individuals, 10 individuals of each species. Three sequence haplotypes were found in C. tritaeniorynchus and C. theileri while there was only one haplotype in C. quinquefasciatus. The reduction of haplotypes diversity may be result of a sweep of Wolbachia in this species.  相似文献   

9.
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) is an important plant in the family Cucurbitaceae. Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm [anamorph Phoma cucurbitacearum (Fr.) Sacc.] is the causative agent of gummy stem blight (GSB), a disease affecting members of the family Cucurbitaceae. Watermelon seedlings showing varied degree (20–90%) of suspected GSBs were collected from seedling companies in Antalya province, Turkey. The symptoms included angular water-soaked lesions, which turned tan over time; defoliation; dry, pale green stem; stem necrosis; gummy exudates; wilt; and the eventual death of the upper parts of the seedling plants. The growth of the fungal isolate in vitro showed white aerial and olivaceous mycelium, and olive to dark green or black substrate mycelium at the latter period of fungal growth. The colony surface was rough and undulated. The conidia were round-ended, cylindrical, monoseptate, and hyaline. The conidia ranged from 6.4 to 13.6 μm in length and 3.69–4.68 μm in diameter. The isolates were subjected to PCR using three primers, namely, DB-F3/DB-R3, GSBF1/GSBR1, and ITS1/ITS4, which produced fragment sizes of approximately 120, 780, and 560 bp, respectively. The real-time PCR using DB-F3/DB-R3 primer and SYBR Green fluorescence dye produced positive result for the samples tested. The D. bryoniae isolate was pathogenic to all the four different cucurbits tested and were consistently re-isolated from the diseased seedlings confirming their pathogenic status and thereby satisfying Koch's postulates. This is the second report confirming the presence of D. bryoniae in Turkey after its first detection in cucumber in 2015.  相似文献   

10.
Two PCR based markers tightly linked to Cre1 and Cre3 resistant genes against the Cereal Cyst Nematode (CCN, causal agent Heterodera avenae) were used to characterize a number of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat germplasm consisting of obsolete, advanced lines and new cultivars from the Turkish National Breeding Program and the joint TURKEY CIMMYT ICARDA International Winter Wheat Improvement Program. In addition a number of landraces and wild relatives of wheat collected from the Turkish side of the Fertile Crescent, the centre of origin of cereals, were included. None of the genetic material tested positive for either marker except the land race Sardari which originated from neighboring Iran was found positive for Cre1 gene. Combining both of these molecular markers in one assay for fast and cost-effective screening of the germplasm was not effective, so marker genotyping with germplasm was realized using each primer alone. Most work that has been reported is on the CCN species H. avenae, however the predominant species in Turkey is the closely related H. filipjevi. In vitro resistance assaying for this species indicates that Cre1 is a moderate source of resistance against the H. filipjevi population, however Cre3 gene appears ineffective. It is suggested that a larger pool of a range of germplasm should be screened for Cre1 in Turkey. Furthermore, the landrace Sardari could be used as a parent to deploy CCN resistance in to genetic background of Turkish bread wheat cultivars with a targeted Marker Assisted Selection Backcrossing approach.  相似文献   

11.
Scambus sagax (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was reared from larvae of Agapanthia osmanlis Reiche et Saulcy (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the Bayburt province (Kop Mountain Pass). Agapanthia osmanlis is the first known host for Scambus sagax in Turkey.  相似文献   

12.
2021年1—12月期间,通过对南岭山地东部赣粤边境九连山地区的植物调查,新增4种江西省蕨类分布新记录,即针毛新月蕨（Pronephrium hirsutum Ching ex Y. X. Lin）、蓝色鳞毛蕨（Dryopteris polita Rosenst.）、车前蕨（Antrophyum henryi Hieron.）、团羽鳞盖蕨（Microlepia obtusiloba Hayata）。新增5种广东省蕨类植物新记录,即无盖耳蕨（Polystichum gymnocarpium Ching ex W. M. Chu & Z. R. He）、东京鳞毛蕨[Dryopteris tokyoensis (Matsum. ex Makino) C. Chr.]、半岛鳞毛蕨（Dryopteris peninsulae Kitag.）、尾叶稀子蕨[Monachosorum flagellare (Maxim. ex Makino) Hayata]、亮毛蕨[Acystopteris japonica (Luerss.) Nakai]。新增1个中国大陆蕨类新记录种,即台湾金星蕨[Parathelypteris castanea (Tagawa) Ching]。新增1个广东省蕨类新分布科,即冷蕨科（Cystopteridaceae Schmakov）,新增1个广东省新记录属,即亮毛蕨属（Acystopteris Nakai）,其中东京鳞毛蕨和车前蕨分别被《IUCN濒危物种红色名录》收录为濒危种（EN）和易危种（VU）,新记录的凭证标本存放于九连山国家级自然保护区植物标本馆（JNR）内,本文分别描述它们的形态特征、采集地点、生长环境、分布地及与近缘种的主要形态区别;讨论冷蕨科和亮毛蕨属在广东省内被发现的地理区系意义,台湾金星蕨、团羽鳞盖蕨、针毛新月蕨、半岛鳞毛蕨、蓝色鳞毛蕨、无盖耳蕨、尾叶稀子蕨、针毛新月蕨、东京鳞毛蕨等新记录被发现的地理区系意义;提出分布于中国热带和南亚热带地区的蓝色鳞毛蕨在江西省被发现,更新了其在中国分布的最高纬度记录;提出新记录的发现可为研究该类物种的起源、扩散机制、气候和环境的变化提供参考;提出中国特有种无盖耳蕨同时也为华南地区的蕨类新记录;提出上述新记录的发现进一步丰富了中国大陆、江西省和广东省的蕨类生物多样性,建议当地对各种蕨类新记录,尢其是珍稀濒危蕨类新记录的生境状况、种群和群落特征进一步调查并进行动态监测,必要时采取适当的保护管理措施。  相似文献   

13.
Changes in the weight per unit length along the first and second fully-expanded laminae of Lolium perenne, Agrostis stolonifera, Holcus lanatus and Poa trivialis were experienced in tillers harvested in April and June 1987 from a permanent pasture under contrasting nitrogen treatments. Schematic models representing the weight distribution along the laminae of the different species are presented. From these models, predictions of the weight of any given proportion of the lamina length have been calculated. The weight of segments of lamina have been estimated, using the appropriate lamina model for a species, and these estimates provided consistently greater precision than estimates of lamina weight when no correction for lamina shape was considered, the length of a segment of lamina simply being multiplied by the mean overall weight per unit length of the lamina.  相似文献   

14.
吉林省玉米灰斑病菌RAPD分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
从吉林省不同玉米生产区采集病样,分离得到38个玉米灰斑病菌纯化菌株,采用RAPD方法进行分析。结果表明,吉林省玉米灰斑病菌在遗传上存在显著差异,通过RAPD图谱聚类分析,病原菌株在相似系数约0.55处聚为一组;在相似系数约0.68处聚为5组,第2组共30个菌株,占所测菌株总数的78.9%,玉米灰斑病菌的遗传变异区域性不明显。  相似文献   

15.
THE DRY-WEIGHT-RANK METHOD FOR THE BOTANICAL ANALYSIS OF PASTURE   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
A method is presented which gives an accurate estimate of the botanical composition of grassland on a dry-weight basis, without the necessity of cutting and hand-separating samples. In a number of quadrats an observer estimates which species take first, second, and third place in terms of dry-weight. The data are tabulated to give the proportion of quadrats in which each species received first, second, and third place. These proportions are multiplied by 70·2, 21·1, and 8·7, respectively, and added to give the dry-weight percentages of each species.
The dry-weight-rank method was tested four times by comparing the results with those of hand-separating cut samples. No great differences between the two methods were detected when exact rankings, obtained from hand-separating, were used, and it was found that ranks could be estimated accurately, provided that sufficient training had been given to the observers.  相似文献   

16.
为探明吉林省中西部地区玉米蛾类害虫的种类及组成, 2017～2020年利用高空探照灯逐日诱集蛾类昆虫并分类,阐明各蛾类种群的动态,对蛾类群落多样性进行分析。结果表明,共采集、鉴定玉米蛾类害虫 4科 16种,优势科为夜蛾科,种数占比达 68.75%。明确各种害虫的虫源结构及危害方式,分析 9种种群数量大、可造成危害的关键害虫的种群动态。蛾类群落丰富度随时间的变化呈波浪式, 7月的群落丰富度、群落多样性都较高, 5月、 10月的群落均匀度相对较高。5月、 7月的群落相似性系数最高, 10月与各月的相似性系数都较低。明确各月优势度指数较高的种类,可为此区域蛾类害虫的监测预警与综合治理提供理论依据。  相似文献   

17.
The birds of Kabakl? Pond and its near surrounding were surveyed between October 2014 and December 2015 periods. During the study period, 105 bird species that belong to 12 orders and 34 families were detected and represented. Among these species determined, 17 of them certainly, 19 probably and 11 possibly breed in the area, while 58 of them are wintering or transitory migrating birds for the area. Among the recorded species, seven are globally threatened, while 20 are threatened for Turkey without least concern species. Obtained information suggests that this small artificial area has a great importance for many bird species related to habitat that have. Habitat preferences of species were analysed, and it was determined that the most preferred habitats are pond (water surface), wooded and agricultural zones, respectively. Also, the maximum bird number obtained during April and December, while maximum bird species richness observed during April. Results suggest that artificial ponds can be important for birds as feeding, resting and breeding area due to rapidly decline in natural wetland areas. Effective protection of the area requires the prevention of illegal hunting, fishing, human disturbance and pasturing. Also, in order to extend the existing reed and meadow areas, convenient plantation of natural plants at around of pond has a critic role for waterfowl.  相似文献   

18.
从人工合成六倍体小麦SHW-L1改良后代中选育的5个春小麦新品系,在青海表现出比对照品种高原448更优的农艺性状和产量潜力,推测源于外源物种的野生不良性状被淘汰,保留在新品系中的外源染色体区段可能对遗传改良有贡献。为了了解源自人工合成小麦SHW-L1的外源染色体区段在这5个改良新品系中的分布,利用11 660个具有染色体位置信息的多态性DArTseq标记对这5个改良品系进行了外源染色体区段分析。结果表明,共检测到78个外源染色体区段,其中,65个为源于四倍体小麦的A和B基因组,13个为来自于节节麦的D基因组。24个源于四倍体小麦的外源染色体区段分布于3个以上的品系中,这些区段主要来自于A基因组,其中2A有8个,7A有4个,1A有3个,6A有3个。本研究材料来自于混合选择,不同品系共有的外源染色体区段可能含有对当前育种有价值的重要基因位点或基因簇,这样的区段将是下一步关注的重点。  相似文献   

19.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of date of fruit collection on the germination of Phillyrea latifolia L. Fruits were collected between September and December of 2007, in Egirdir, Turkey. It was found that the one thousand seed weight for the species seeds was 400 g, with significant differences among dates of fruit collection. The highest germination percentage of 58% was obtained from the seeds collected on the ground from previous years on the 1st of September 2007. The seeds from crown on the 1st of September 2007 had a germination percentage of 42%. Moreover, seeds from crown on the 1st of November and December 2007 and 15th of October and November 2007 did not germinate. In conclusion, P. latifolia seeds collected on the ground from previous years could be sown in early autumn to obtain a high germination rate.  相似文献   

20.
Dried flowers and leaves of four different Achillea species grown wild in several provinces of Iran, including one species collected from three different locations of Isfahan province were analyzed for the headspace volatile components, total phenolics (TP) and tartaric esters (TE). Capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) combined with a purge and trap method was used for quantification of aroma components. Over 70 compounds were determined in the samples. Flower samples from all species contained 2-methyl butanal, α-pinene, α-thujene, camphene, hexanal, β-pinene and 1,8-cineole; however, the major constituents of the aerial parts were determined as α-pinene, camphene, DL-limonene and 1,8-cineole. The largest number of aroma components were found in Achillea tenuifolia Lam. and Achillea millefolium L. In all species, except A. millefolium, the leaves contained more TP and TE than flowers. However, A. wilhelmsii from Semirom in Isfahan province showed the highest values for TP and TE.  相似文献   

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