共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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对不同拉枝角度对普通型和短枝型"富士"苹果树体生长特性和果实品质的影响进行对比研究。结果表明:普通型"富士"苹果主枝拉枝角度为110°时,成枝量、成花率、叶片净光合速率、叶片叶绿素含量、果实品质和株产量高于其它处理,而叶片蒸腾速率明显低于其它处理,而且各个指标连续5年均较稳定。但短枝型"富士"苹果主枝拉枝角度为110°时,各指标极不稳定,容易出现大小年,且树势易衰弱;当拉枝角度在90°时,各指标变化趋势与普通型"富士"110°时相当且稳定。说明短枝型"富士"拉枝角度为90°时较适宜,普通型"富士"拉枝角度为110°时较适宜。 相似文献
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不同拉枝角度对‘嘎啦’苹果顶芽及叶片碳氮含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了确定利于花芽分化的合理拉枝角度,研究了‘嘎啦’不同拉枝角度短枝顶芽及其相应部位的叶片和中长枝顶芽及其相应部位叶片的可溶性糖、淀粉及氮含量的变化。结果表明:随着拉枝角度的增大,各部位可溶性糖和淀粉含量增加,90°与110°短枝顶芽淀粉含量及90°与110°短枝顶叶可溶性糖含量差异不显著,其余差异显著;随着拉枝角度的增大,氮含量减少,差异不显著;各处理顶芽氮含量随时间延长呈下降的趋势,但中长枝顶芽在9月份却上升,各处理叶片氮含量在开始阶段呈上升的趋势,6月15～25日达到峰值,之后一直下降。随着拉枝角度增大,C/N值增大,但90°与110°之间差异不显著。 相似文献
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【目的】探究拉枝对泡核桃(Juglans sigillata Dode)生理生长、成花坐果和坚果品质的影响。【方法】以黔核7号为试材,以自然生长开张角度在30°～35°之间的枝条为对照(CK),设置拉枝60°、90°和110°3个处理,统计拉枝后枝条的数量和类型、成花数和坐果数,计算坐果率,测定叶片的光合特性、叶绿素含量、叶片的营养元素含量和坚果品质。【结果】拉枝90°时显著提高了黔核7号的总枝条数、短枝数和中长枝数,与对照相比分别提高了36.8%、64.0%和81.0%;并且,拉枝90°时雌花数、坐果数、坐果率达到最大值,比对照组分别提高了206.6%、231.1%和14.1%;树体内膛、中部和外围的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、类胡萝卜素含量在拉枝90°时达到最大值,拉枝90°和110°能够显著降低中部和外围叶片的胞间CO2浓度;叶片的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn元素含量在拉枝90°时也有不同程度的增加;拉枝在不明显改变黔核7号的纵径、横径、果形指数、壳厚、出仁率的情况下,能够促进其核仁质量、蛋白质含量和粗脂肪含量的积累,其中,只有拉枝90°显著... 相似文献
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以6年生单主干形‘燕红’和‘沙红’2个桃树品种为试材,采用Elx800酶标仪进行酶联免疫吸附测定法,研究了桃树不同骨干枝角度对成熟果实、树皮、枝皮以及枝条内源激素含量的影响,以期探索出不同骨干枝角度内源激素分布情况,为生产上提供理论指导。结果表明:骨干枝倾斜45°的成熟果实、树皮、枝皮以及枝条中赤霉素(GA)和生长素(IAA)含量显著高于其它处理,玉米素核苷(ZR)和脱落酸(ABA)含量则是骨干枝角度倾斜45°显著低于其它处理;ZR/GA、ZR/IAA、ABA/GA、ABA/IAA均是骨干枝倾斜45°最大,其次是骨干枝倾斜30°,最低的为对照(直立);不同桃树品种成熟果实、树皮、枝皮和枝条中内源激素含量存在差异。 相似文献
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山地苹果树更新修剪对树体营养及生长的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
在陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区以常规修剪为对照,探讨更新修剪对盛果期山地苹果树体营养和生长方面的影响。结果表明：更新修剪提高了叶片、枝条中的氮、磷、钾、钙含量,提高了果实中的氮、钾、钙含量,对果实中的磷和根系中的磷、钾无显著影响;降低了根系中的氮、钙含量;显著增加了长枝、中枝的比例,显著降低了短枝、叶丛枝比例,促进了枝条健壮发育。更新修剪增加了叶面积,提高了叶绿素、单果质量、果实维生素C和有机酸含量,对果实可溶性固形物、总糖、着色面积等无显著影响,提高了果实产量,极显著提高了果园的经济产值。 相似文献
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以'宫崎短枝富士'苹果幼树为试材,采用不同月份进行拉枝处理的方法,研究了不同拉枝时期对苹果幼树树体生长量、枝类组成、产量和品质的影响,以期为燕山地区苹果拉枝管理提供参考依据.结果表明:树体生长量方面,随着拉枝时期推迟,树高和干径呈减少趋势,冠径和主枝延长枝长度呈增加趋势,枝干比＜0.55的主枝比例明显降低,枝干比＞0.55的主枝比例明显增加.枝类组成和产量、品质方面,随着拉枝时期推迟,短枝比例减少,长枝比例增加,单株产量以6月拉枝最高,7月拉枝次之,8、9月拉枝最低;单果质量以9月拉枝最小,与6、7、8月拉枝差异不显著;可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、果实硬度在不同拉枝时期间无显著差异.分析后认为'宫崎短枝富士'最佳拉枝时期在6月. 相似文献
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以长枝条红型"2001富士"(长枝红富士)、短枝片红型"晋-18短枝富士"(短枝红富士)2个红富士苹果品种为试材,对其冰温贮藏期间果实质构特性、色泽、抗氧化物质含量进行测定分析,研究2个品种苹果冰温贮藏下感官及营养品质变化的差异性,以期为红富士苹果贮藏、果品品质分析提供参考依据。结果表明:比较2个品种质构特性,长枝红富士果实脆性、果肉硬度较高,短枝红富士果皮硬度、果肉纤维指数含量较高。色泽方面,短枝红富士果面色度角h较低,果皮花色苷含量较高。抗氧化成分,短枝红富士果皮类黄酮含量较高,果肉总酚含量较高;长枝红富士果皮总酚含量较高。贮藏后期果实品质下降较快,2个品种分别表现为短枝红富士果皮花色苷、果皮类黄酮含量降幅明显;长枝红富士果实脆性、果肉硬度下降较快,果皮总酚、果皮类黄酮含量下降显著。 相似文献
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土壤镉含量对苹果叶片和果实镉含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以10年生盆栽红富士苹果为试材, 通过土施氯化镉研究了土壤镉含量对苹果叶片和果实镉含量的影响。结果表明：在苹果生长发育各时期,叶片中的镉含量随土壤中镉含量的增加而增加,两者呈显著正相关。在苹果叶片发育过程中其镉含量随土壤镉处理时间的延长而增加,果实缓慢生长期（9月23日）出现峰值,之后下降。果实成熟期的土壤镉含量对果实镉含量影响最为显著,根据该时期不同镉处理的土壤和果实镉含量拟合方程,推算出生产无公害苹果的壤质褐土(pH 7.133)镉含量阈值为2.59 mg·kg-1。 相似文献
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R. K. Volz I. B. Ferguson E. W. Hewett D. J. Woolley 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):385-395
SummaryThe influence of wood age, fruiting position and leaf area within the tree canopy on fruit mineral content and quality for several apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars was investigated. Size and Ca, Mg and K content of individual fruit on one-year (lateral and terminal positions), two-year and older than three-year wood were compared for cvs Royal Gala, Braeburn, Granny Smith and Fuji. Fruit on two-year spurs and one-year terminals was generally larger at commercial harvest than that on one-year laterals and spurs older than three years. Flower receptacles at full bloom were larger and fruit growth rates were greater from 60 to 100 d after full bloom on two-year spurs than on one-year laterals. Fruit Ca and Mg concentrations and contents at commercial harvest were highest for terminal fruit, but there was no consistent difference between fruit from other positions. One-year terminals had the greatest primary and bourse leaf areas, two-year spurs were intermediate and one-year laterals had the lowest areas of both leaf types. Removal of 50% of primary leaves and/or removal of bourse shoots from clusters at bloom reduced fruit Ca content at commercial harvest for two-year spurs, one-year laterals and one-year terminals. Bourse shoot removal also reduced Mg content for all positions. However there was no effect of leaf removal on fruit size or K content. Ca content of individual fruit increased curvilinearly with increasing total spur leaf area for fruit on two-year spurs and one-year terminals but not for fruit on one-year lateral clusters. Terminal fruit with total spur leaf areas and fruit size similar to those on two-year spur fruit had higher Ca content. 相似文献
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疏果对梨果实糖积累及叶片光合特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以‘丰水’梨为材料,研究不同疏果程度和疏果时期对果实糖积累及源叶光合特性的影响,结果表明：随着疏果程度增加,果实单果质量、可溶性总糖含量均显著提高,重度疏果、中度疏果与不疏果（对照）相比,单果质量分别增加172.5%和95.9%,可溶性总糖含量分别增加31.8%和20.7%。疏果对可溶性总糖组分的影响主要是增加蔗糖和山梨醇含量;重度疏果、中度疏果与不疏果（对照）相比,蔗糖含量分别增加134.8%和91.5%,山梨醇含量增加53.2%和26.7%,葡萄糖含量减少45.0%和22.7%。不同时期疏果与不同疏果程度相似,表现为疏果早的果形大,蔗糖和山梨醇含量高,花后90 d重度疏果仍能提高果实糖积累水平。花后80 d不疏果的叶片净光合速率最高,而花后110 d则相反,重度疏果的处理最高。花后110 d不疏果果台副梢叶片的叶绿体嗜锇颗粒增多,片层结构模糊,说明不疏果植株叶片在后期光合速率下降与叶绿体结构改变及其衰老有关。 相似文献
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Light penetration,growth, and fruit productivity in ‘Fuji’ apple trees trained to four growing systems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The study was conducted to document the range in soil nutrients, trunk and shoot growth, leaf characteristics and nutrient content, flower bud characteristics, yield, fruit quality, disease occurrence, light penetration, and shoot bark color in a 15-year-old ‘Fuji’ apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) orchard on M.26 rootstocks trained to four growing systems. SS trees naturally growing had greater width and volume than the LT lightly heading, MLT heavily heading, and S trees thinning and bending. LT trees had more upward terminal shoots at old branches, large numbers of lateral shoots, and longer total shoot length. Leaf [N], [P], and [K] were the lowest for the MLT trees. SS and S trees had greater flower bud density and fruit yield, but LT trees had poor fruit color and less soluble solids and firmness. Percent light penetration into the canopy was the highest with the S system but not different from MLT or SS. The lowest was for the LT system, however, it was not statistically different from MLT or SS. 相似文献
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苹果树形改造对树冠结构和冠层光合能力的影响 总被引：27，自引：2，他引：25
为解决乔化密植苹果园树冠郁闭、光照差、产量低、品质差的问题, 于2001～2004年在北京昌平区十三陵农场(东经116°13′, 北纬40°13′, 海拔79 m) 对1986年定植的富士苹果(M alus domestica Borkh.‘Fuji’) 进行树形改造试验, 将三主枝疏散分层形逐步改造为高干开心形。经过3年的改造, 主干高度从0.29 m提高到1.37 m, 主枝数从15.8个减少到4.58个, 冬剪后枝数从2 119.73 ×103 ·hm- 2减少到814.07 ×103 ·hm- 2 , 叶面积指数从3.98减少到2.31。改造后树冠的叶片和光照分布更加均匀, 低于30%的无效光区从43%减少到24%。通过对冠层光合作用的数值模拟发现, 改造树冠层的光合作用比未改树略有降低, 在整个生长季(5～9月) 改造树的冠层光合能力比未改造树小14.6%, 但平均单叶光合速率却增加40.4%。改造后苹果产量从27.3 t·hm- 2增加到54.5 t·hm- 2 , 可溶性固形物从12.83%增加到15.55%。 相似文献
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Keiichi Nomura H. Terai K. Yabe M. Maeda M. S. M. Rahman M. Yoshida 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):617-622
SummaryChanges in fruit weight, total soluble solids (TSS), sugar content and postharvest ethylene production during fruit development were compared on fruit of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill., cv. Big Sister) pollinated at different times (early, at the beginning of April, 1995 and late, at the end of May, 1994). Fruit weight increased by growth, independently of pollination times. Changes in TSS and sugar content were strongly affected by pollination time. In late pollinated fruits, both TSS and sugar content increased during the growth period, 110–160 d after pollination, while neither increased with fruit growth in early pollinated fruit. Moreover, changes in TSS and sugar content after ripening depended not only on pollination time but also on the growth period. With late pollination, fruit harvested after 140 d became edible after ripening. The TSS and total sugar contents, (the sum of fructose, glucose and sucrose contents) increased to about 20° Brix and above 16%, respectively. But early pollinated fruits were not edible after ripening, since total sugar content increased only to about 7%, even though they kept growing for 160 d on the tree. The maximum rate of ethylene production declined and the number of days to the ethylene peak from harvest is also reduced with growth in both cases. These changes were closely correlated with days after pollination (r>0.9) regardless of pollination time. Comparisons of accumulated temperature suggest that temperature at pollination time and during the resting period of growth affected fruit development. These results indicate that neither fruit weight nor number of days after pollination is a suitable index for harvesting time. 相似文献
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“寒富”苹果贮藏期果实解剖结构及品质变化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对"寒富"、"东光"和"富士"苹果贮藏期间果实解剖结构及相关生理指标进行研究。结果表明:"寒富"苹果果实硬度变化幅度较小,稳定在14kg/cm2左右;角质层较厚;果皮果肉细胞较小,排列比较紧密,细胞层数较多;随着贮藏时间的延长,果肉细胞的变化相对较小,说明"寒富"苹果较耐贮藏。随着贮藏时间的延长,"寒富"、"东光"和"富士"苹果果实的硬度、可溶性糖含量和淀粉含量均下降;"寒富"和"富士"果实有机酸含量没有明显变化,"东光"果实有机酸含量下降明显。"寒富"和"富士"果实糖酸比值呈下降趋势,"东光"则呈上升趋势。综合性状评价表明,"寒富"苹果是耐贮藏的苹果品种,且贮藏过程对品质影响不大。 相似文献