共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Wright BD 《Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice》2002,17(4):151-157
Although pain management is an emerging and popular topic in veterinary medicine, use of analgesics in cats has received little attention relative to their canine counterparts. Some of the difficulty lies in assessment of whether or not a cat is in pain. Simple observation of a cat in a cage relies upon overt expression of pain, and is often inaccurate. Pain scales have been developed that allow a semiquantitative evaluation of the degree of pain an animal may be experiencing. However, treating pain based upon observation of the painful state is less effective than anticipating and preemptively treating pain. This article reviews specific methods for preemptively treating and alleviating pain in the cat. The traditional approach to pain management involves drug administration. Specific categories of agents used in cats include opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, or alpha-2 agonists. Other modalities of pain management, which are also reviewed, include use of local anesthetic drugs for local and regional analgesia, as well as acupuncture. 相似文献
2.
This report describes a clinically useful modified composite pain score (MCPS) for horses with hoof pain. The horse in this report initially suffered from acute pain from a subsolar seroma as well as suspected pain from chronic laminitis. Following surgical debridement, corium prolapsed through the wound and it became infected. During the course of conventional hoof and wound management, the pain experienced by the patient was refractory to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Using the MCPS as a guide, inflammatory and neuropathic pain states were identified and multimodal analgesia was employed in response to the varying pain states. Drugs used for the anti‐inflammatory pain management protocol included firocoxib, butorphanol, phenylbutazone, aspirin and fish oil. Neuropathic pain modulators included parenteral and local anaesthetics, pentoxifylline, ketamine and gabapentin. Composite pain scoring in horses, which includes observational, physiological and interactive components, may have greater sensitivity for demonstrating response to therapy when multiple types and stages of pain exist. 相似文献
3.
AAHA/AAFP Pain Management Guidelines Task Force Members Hellyer P Rodan I Brunt J Downing R Hagedorn JE Robertson SA 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2007,9(6):466-480
Pain management in dogs and cats has undergone a dramatic evolution in the past decade. Current approaches focus on anticipation and prevention of pain, as well as both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic management techniques. The veterinary team plays an essential role in educating pet owners about recognizing and managing pain in their pets. 相似文献
4.
Mich PM Hellyer PW Kogan L Schoenfeld-Tacher R 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2010,37(4):358-368
The prevention and management of pain is fundamental to the practice of both human and veterinary medicine. The recognition and treatment of pain represents an important indicator of the quality of care delivered in human hospitals and veterinary hospitals. Yet, both human and veterinary health care professionals have cited inadequate knowledge as a significant barrier to effective pain management. The aims of this pilot study were twofold: (1) to gauge veterinary medical students' current attitudes regarding their training in pain management and (2) to assess the impact of training and practice on the use of a canine acute pain assessment teaching tool. Participants, third-year professional veterinary medical students, completed a 16-item survey questionnaire before a 30-minute training session on pain assessment using the teaching tool and completed it again after training and a one-week practice period. Questions related to canine pain, assessment of canine pain, pain management education in the professional veterinary curriculum, and an example case presentation (video) were included in the survey. The analysis of survey results indicated that professional veterinary medicine students find value in didactic and clinical training in canine pain assessment. Additionally, use of the canine acute pain teaching tool in conjunction with a training program improved students' knowledge and skill in assessment while pointing out the importance of further training. Differences with regard to gender and tracking were found and warrant further exploration. 相似文献
5.
Objective To determine whether there is a correlation between skin acute radiation score (ARS) and pain scores and to determine if skin ARSs can be used to predict future pain scores and increased need for analgesia in dogs undergoing radiation therapy for cancer of the forelimb. Study design Prospective observational study. Animals Seven middle‐aged dogs of various breeds with cancer of the forelimb. Methods Each neoplasm was surgically removed and a histologic diagnosis was obtained. Curative intent radiation therapy was initiated 2½–4½ weeks after surgery. Curative intent radiation therapy was delivered as prescribed. Two trained observers scored the dogs using a visual analog pain scale (VAS), Glasgow composite measure of pain scale, short form (GCMPS) and skin ARS prior to each day’s therapy. Daily scores were averaged and scatter plots were developed. Generalized estimating equation regressions were used to calculate standard error, 95% confidence interval, and p‐values for each relationship. Confidence and prediction bands were plotted. Results A statistically significant correlation between skin ARS and VAS and GCMPS pain scores was identified indicating that as the skin ARS increased so did the pain scores. A general correlation between VAS and GCMPS scores was observed. Early (fraction days 1–6) GCMPS scores were significantly influenced by anxiety behavior unrelated to pain. Skin ARS was found to predict precisely current and future presence of pain, but could only predict a range of potential future pain scores based on the pain management approach in use during this study. Conclusions Skin ARS can provide valuable information for initiating preemptive analgesia and intensifying pain management during curative intent radiation therapy. Daily pain scoring with an acceptable pain scale should be used in conjunction with the skin ARS to improve patient pain management. Clinical relevance Pain is an anticipated consequence of curative intent radiation therapy. Understanding the correlation between pain and skin ARS may facilitate more effective pain management. 相似文献
6.
Alexander Valverde DVM DVSc DACVA Cornelia I. Gunkel Dr. med. vet. MRCVS 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2005,15(4):295-307
Objective: This review discusses the different analgesic drugs and routes of administration used in large animals for acute pain management. General guidelines and doses are given to assist in choosing techniques that provide effective analgesia. Etiology: Noxious stimuli are perceived, recognized, and localized by specialized sensory systems located at spinal and supraspinal levels. Diagnosis: Localizing the source of the noxious stimulus as well as understanding the behavioral aspects and physiological changes that result from such insult is important to adequately diagnose and treat pain. Pain assessment is far from being definite and objective; not only are there species differences, but also individual variation. In addition, the behavioral and physiological manifestations vary with the acute or chronic nature of pain. Therapy: Pain management should include (1) selecting drugs that better control the type of pain elicited by the insult; (2) selecting techniques of analgesic drug administration that act on pathways or anatomical locations where the nociceptive information is being processed or originating from; (3) combining analgesic drugs that act on different pain pathways; and (4) provide the best possible comfort for the animal. Prognosis: Providing pain relief improves the animal's well being and outcome; however, interpreting and diagnosing pain remains difficult. Continuing research in pain management will contribute to the evaluation of the pathophysiology of pain, pain assessment, and newer analgesic drugs and techniques. 相似文献
7.
Pain mechanisms and their implication for the management of pain in farm and companion animals 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Viñuela-Fernández I Jones E Welsh EM Fleetwood-Walker SM 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,174(2):227-239
Over the last two decades there has been a dramatic increase in the literature relating to the mechanisms and management of pain in domestic animals. Understanding the mechanisms of pain is crucial for its effective management. This review highlights the current understanding of the neurophysiology of nociception and the plastic changes involved in chronic pain states. Additionally, we describe a range of novel molecules and pathways that offer opportunities for the development of mechanism-based analgesic therapies. Pain management in animals is limited by pain assessment which remains highly subjective, with clinicians relying on indirect measures of pain, using rating scales and (less frequently) quantifiable physiological and behavioural parameters. The need for a systematic approach which would assess different pain components is well justified. Species-specific issues on pain assessment and management in mammalian companion and farm animals are addressed in the later part of this review. 相似文献
8.
Pain management is dependent on the quality of the pain evaluation. Ideally, pain evaluation is objective, pain‐specific and easily incorporated into a busy equine clinic. This paper reviews the existing knowledge base regarding the identification and quantification of pain in horses. Behavioural indicators of pain in horses in the context of normal equine behaviour, as well as various physiological parameters potentially useful for pain evaluation, are discussed. Areas where knowledge is sparse are identified and a new equine pain scale based on results from all reviewed papers is proposed. Finally, the most important considerations in relation to the implementation of a pain scale in a hospital setting are discussed. 相似文献
9.
Väisänen MA Tuomikoski-Alin SK Brodbelt DC Vainio OM 《The Journal of small animal practice》2008,49(12):626-632
Objectives : To examine the opinions among small animal owners regarding the management of pain and surgery in small animals. Methods : A questionnaire was presented to 800 owners of dogs or cats who visited one of the four participating clinics in Finland in February 2006. Results : A total of 482 owners completed the questionnaire (60·3 per cent response rate); 90 per cent of the respondents were female. Owners classified surgical procedures (for example, fracture repair, skin tumour removal and neutering) as more painful than medical conditions (otitis externa and lameness). In addition, owners disagreed most with statements that they had received sufficient information on the appropriate methods of management of animal pain and that the recognition of animal pain is easy. With respect to surgical procedures, owners expressed greatest concern in relation to the animal experiencing fear or anxiety during hospitalisation and the presence of postoperative pain. Clinical Significance : The animal owners had concerns about the presence and management of animal pain, fear and anxiety. Knowledge of these animal owner opinions could aid veterinary practitioners when communicating with their clients on medical and surgical patient management. Furthermore, studies are merited to clearly define how best to successfully respond to these owner attitudes. 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
13.
A review of the general pharmacology of ketamine and its clinical use for injectable anaesthesia in horses 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 H. C. Lin T. Passler R. R. Wilborn J. S. Taintor F. J. Caldwell 《Equine Veterinary Education》2015,27(3):146-155
Ketamine is the most commonly used injectable anaesthetic in horses. Combinations of ketamine have been used to produce short durations of anaesthesia or as total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) for longer diagnostic or surgical procedures. In recent years, ketamine has been used for pain management due to its effectiveness in producing analgesia at subanaesthetic doses. This paper provides a review of the pharmacological effects of ketamine in general and its clinical use for injectable anaesthesia and pain management in horses. 相似文献
14.
Leigh A Lamont 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2002,32(4):747-63, v
Veterinary surgeons today are performing increasingly complex and invasive feline surgical procedures. In light of this, it is crucial that perioperative pain management in these patients be a top priority. This article outlines pain physiology and pathophysiology, pain recognition and management strategies, relevant pharmacology, and techniques for local and regional analgesia in cats. 相似文献
15.
B. T. Simon E. M. Scallan G. Carroll P. V. Steagall 《The Journal of small animal practice》2017,58(10):543-554
Oligoanalgesia is defined as failure to provide analgesia in patients with acute pain. Treatment of pain in emergencies, critical care and perioperatively may influence patient outcomes: the harmful practice of withholding analgesics occurs in teaching hospitals and private practices and results in severe physiological consequences. This article discusses the prevalence, primary causes, species and regional differences and ways to avoid oligoanalgesia in small animal practice. Oligoanalgesia may be addressed by improving education on pain management in the veterinary curriculum, providing continuing education to veterinarians and implementing pain scales. 相似文献
16.
Gurney MA 《The Journal of small animal practice》2012,53(7):377-386
The motto of the 2011 Global Year Against Acute Pain was 'Anticipate, Assess, Alleviate'. Recent advances in acute pain management include novel applications of widely used drugs, new techniques, as well as further development in our knowledge of pain scoring in veterinary patients. The concept of preventive analgesia is introduced here and serves to strengthen the widely accepted practice of pre-emptive, multimodal analgesia. 相似文献
17.
A M Faggella M R Raffe 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1987,17(2):469-497
Successful anesthesia for thoracic surgery requires an understanding of the clinical disease and the physiologic changes accompanying the disease, as well as anesthetic agents available for use. The authors discuss selection of appropriate anesthetic drugs, perioperative management considerations, pharmacologic support, intraoperative monitoring and postoperative pain management. 相似文献
18.
Chronic pain is a widely recognised problem in humans and is being increasingly recognised as a significant problem in dogs. Whilst a large number of therapies are described and utilised to treat chronic pain in dogs, there is a severe shortage of evidence to guide practitioners in selection of treatments. Until more evidence becomes available, practitioners should adopt a cautious approach, utilising licensed treatments first when possible. Non‐pharmacological therapies should be incorporated into the chronic pain management plan whenever possible. Given the probable prevalence of chronic pain in dogs there is an urgent need for research to identify effective treatments. 相似文献
19.
20.
Lantz GC 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2003,20(3):181-186
Pain is a perception that results from activation of a specific set of receptors by noxious stimuli. Processing by the central nervous system results in the stimulus to be perceived as pain. Thermal receptors respond to temperature changes, mechanoreceptors respond to pressure, tension, stretch, and chemoreceptors respond to substances released during the inflammatory process such as prostaglandins, histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin. The current standard of veterinary medical practice is adequate pain management for all patients. Regional anesthesia is one component of overall pain management of the oral surgery/dental patient and is described step-by-step. 相似文献