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1.
Seeds of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars ‘Raulinus’ and ‘Bionda’ were treated mutagenically with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) in order to broaden the variation of fatty acid composition in the seed oil and to select mutants with reduced linolenic acid (C18: 3) content. The M2 generation was evaluated for fatty acid composition of the oil. Genetic variation for unsaturated fatty acids was demonstrated to be extended in the M2 generation as compared to the controls. Finally in the M5 generation of cv. ‘Raulinus’, lines with reduced C18:3 (< 40% vs. 55%) and correspondingly increased linoleic or oleic acid contents, respectively, could be selected. These mutants proved to be genetically stable as demonstrated by parent-offspring (M4/M5) regression.  相似文献   

2.
不同品种紫苏种子营养成分及脂肪酸组分分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
为了给优化种质资源改良提供理论依据,选用10个不同紫苏品种作为供试材料,研究其种子性状、品质、脂肪酸组成及含量,并对其相关性进行分析。结果表明,10个不同品种紫苏种子直径、千粒重、粗脂肪、粗蛋白和纤维素含量均存在显著差异,变幅为籽粒直径1.58~2.15 mm,千粒重2.36~5.12 g,粗脂肪34.0%~45.2%,粗蛋白18.5%~21.8%,纤维素19.0%~25.1%。总脂肪酸中含棕榈酸3.16%~4.77%,硬脂酸0.56%~1.86%,油酸11.42%~23.06%,亚油酸8.53%~13.02%,亚麻酸58.48%~70.90%,总不饱和脂肪酸占到总脂肪酸的93.26%~95.00%。ZY-3,ZY-1,ZB-1,BZ-2和BS-1粗脂肪含量高,α-亚麻酸比例大,可作为高油高亚麻酸优质育种材料。试验结果还表明,粗脂肪、亚麻酸含量与籽粒直径和千粒重间均呈显著正相关,油酸含量与籽粒直径和千粒重间呈显著负相关,而油酸与亚麻酸含量间呈极显著负相关。因此,要提高紫苏籽的亚麻酸含量,就要适当控制其油酸含量。  相似文献   

3.
以毛酸浆种子为原料,研究索氏微波提取法对毛酸浆籽油提取效率的影响,并以甲酯化脂肪酸为标准品,采用气相色谱法对毛酸浆籽油脂肪酸成分进行分析,通过与标准品比对出峰时间确定试样脂肪酸成分,使用面积归一法确定试样中各脂肪酸含量。结果表明,与普通热风干燥相比,微波干燥法能够提高毛酸浆籽油的提取效率;利用气相色谱法对毛酸浆籽油进行脂肪酸分析,共检测出8种脂肪酸,分别为:肉豆蔻酸1.3%,棕榈酸10.3%,硬脂酸5.3%,油酸14.3%,亚油酸62.7%,亚麻酸4.0%,花生酸1.1%,二十二烷酸1.0%。其中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量占81.0%,说明毛酸浆籽油具有较高的营养价值,开发前景广阔。  相似文献   

4.
油茶生长发育过程中脂肪酸成分的测定分析   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  
为了研究油茶生长发育过程中脂肪含量及脂肪酸成分的变化,分析测定2个油茶品种在不同生长时期油茶籽中的脂肪酸成分。采用索氏提取法提取油茶籽中的脂溶性成分,经甲酯化处理后用气象色谱分离和鉴定,运用面积归一法确定各成分的相对百分含量。结果表明,在整个发育过程中油脂形成有两个高峰,分别在9月上旬和10月上旬;种子种脂肪酸的主要组成是不饱和脂肪酸,油酸含量最高,其次是亚油酸和油酸,饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主,其中油酸呈明显上升趋势,棕榈酸和亚油酸呈明显下降趋势,硬脂酸呈小幅上升趋势,亚麻酸呈小幅下降趋势。  相似文献   

5.
无芥酸甘蓝型油菜十八碳不饱和脂肪酸含量的QTL定位   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
用无芥酸的高油酸油菜品系HOP和低油酸油菜品种湘油15为父母本构建含189单株的F2代作图群体。F2代单粒种子播种前采用半粒取样,F2代单株种子采用混合取样,进行脂肪酸含量的气相色谱分析。统计检测显示这两种方法测定结果极显著相关,各种脂肪酸含量之间大部分也呈显著相关。用该群体构建含342个SSR标记的遗传连锁图并对18碳不饱和脂肪酸含量进行了QTL定位。在A5和C5连锁群上各检测到1个油酸含量主效QTL,其中位于A5连锁群的QTL效应值较大,且与FAD2基因紧密连锁;位于C5连锁群的QTL为首次报道,与之紧密连锁的标记在A5 连锁群QTL区域有同源标记,说明可能与位于C5的FAD2基因有关。用两种方法测定性状值都能检测到这2个QTL,且效应值比较接近,共能解释60%~70%油酸含量变异。由于油酸含量与亚油酸之间高度相关,定位在A5和C5的油酸含量QTL也被确认为亚油酸含量主效QTL,但利用单株法测定的性状值能在A4连锁群上再发现1个LOD值较低的亚油酸含量QTL。两种测定法能比较一致地在A4、A5和C4连锁群上检测到3个亚麻酸含量主效QTL,共能解释72%~80%亚麻酸含量变异。用半粒法能在A4连锁群还能检测到1个解释变异度为12.42%的较小LOD值的亚麻酸含量QTL。  相似文献   

6.
汉中地区油菜主要推广品种的脂肪酸组成分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  
张羽 《中国农学通报》2007,23(10):439-443
通过调查,搜集了21个汉中地区主要推广的油菜品种,利用索氏提取法、气相色谱法(GC),对21个油菜品种的脂肪酸组成进行了分析。结果显示:饱和脂肪酸的含量在5.3%~6.3%之间,油酸含量在29.8%~69.3%之间,亚油酸含量在14.9%~19.5%之间,亚麻酸含量在7.4%~12.2%之间,芥酸含量在0~27.3%之间。  相似文献   

7.
大豆脂肪酸组分的胚、细胞质和母体遗传效应分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
宁海龙  李文霞  李文滨 《作物学报》2006,32(12):1873-1877
利用5个大豆品种配制20个杂交组合,采用广义种子遗传模型分析了大豆脂肪酸组分的胚、细胞质和母体植株等3套遗传体系的基因主效应和基因型×环境效应。棕榈酸含量、硬脂酸含量和亚油酸含量是以基因型×环境互作效应为主。亚麻酸和油酸的遗传主效应和基因型×环境互作效应相近。在脂肪酸组分的遗传主效应中,棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸含量是以胚主效应为主。油酸含量和亚麻酸含量以细胞质主效应为主。在基因型×环境互作方差中,脂肪酸组分以极显著的胚互作方差为主。亚麻酸含量是以基因的加性效应和加性×环境互作效应为主,棕榈酸含量、硬脂酸含量、油酸含量和亚油酸含量以基因的显性和显性×环境互作效应为主。棕榈酸含量和油酸含量是以普通狭义遗传率为主。硬脂酸、亚油酸含量和亚麻酸含量以互作狭义遗传率为主。在普通狭义遗传率中,棕榈酸含量、油酸含量和亚麻酸含量以细胞质普通遗传率和母体普通遗传率为主。在互作狭义遗传率中,油酸含量和亚麻酸含量以胚互作狭义遗传率为主,亚油酸含量以母体植株互作遗传率为主。棕榈酸含量、硬脂酸含量、油酸含量和亚油酸含量以细胞质及母体选择响应和互作选择响应为主,亚麻酸含量的胚普通选择响应和互作选择响应为主。  相似文献   

8.
A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen supply (30, 100 or 170 ppm N) and raceme position on the fatty acid composition of oil extracted from erucic acid-free summer rape seed ( Brassica napus cv. Callypso ). The seven fatty acids analyzed for include palmitic, palmitolcic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolemc, and eicosenoic acids; of which oleic (59.54–64.84 %) and palmitoleic (0.36–0.4 %) acids were the highest and lowest levels respectively. Generally, N nutrition influenced fatty acid pattern only to a little extent. Palmitic, palmitoleic and stearic acid levels were increased by 170 ppm N, depending on raceme position, but oleic and linolenic acids were unaffected. Similarly, 170 ppm N produced the highest fatty acid levels in seeds on the lower portions of racemes, with the exception of oleic acid. This was also true in the case of the upper portions of racemes, except that 30 ppm N produced the highest levels of oleic and linoleic acids in rape seeds. Under the optimum N supply level (i.e. 100 ppm N), position of raceme on the rape plant did not greatly influence the levels of different fatty acids in lipids.  相似文献   

9.
Summary Seeds of Linum usitatissimum cv. Glenelg were treated with either gamma-rays or EMS in an attempt to induce mutations with a lower level of linolenic acid in linseed oil. Two mutant lines were identified in which linolenic acid constituted approximately 29% of the total fatty acid content compared with 43% in seed oil from untreated Glenelg plants. The reduced level of linolenic acid in the mutants is accompanied by an increase in the level of linoleic acid to 30% compared with 18% in Glenelg, but there was no change in the proportions of other fatty acids. These proportions of linolenic acid and linolenic acid are respectively the highest and lowest yet reported in stable genotypes of L. usitatissimum. The strong inverse relationship between these two fatty acids in these genotypes suggests that linolenic acid is synthesised by desaturation of linolenic acid and indicates that it may be possible to breed an edible linseed oil having both low levels of linolenic acid and high levels of linolenic acid.  相似文献   

10.
二酰基甘油酰基转移酶(diacylglycerol acyltransferase, DGAT)是植物合成三酰甘油(TAG)最后一步的关键酶,其中DGAT2在某些植物的种子油中能选择性积累更多不饱和脂肪酸。本文成功克隆了紫苏二酰基甘油酰基转移酶2基因(PfDGAT2),并进行生物信息学分析。PfDGAT2实时荧光定量结果表明,不同器官中PfDGAT2基因均有表达, 10 d种子的表达量最高,在根中的表达量次之,在种子发育中后期,PfDGAT2表达量逐渐降低。与野生型拟南芥相比,过表达PfDGAT2拟南芥种子含油率提高了21.68%～77.89%,其中种子含油率增加最多的4个株系,其亚麻酸(C18:3)增加4.57%,花生一烯酸(C20:1)增加7.44%,花生二烯酸(C20:2)增加5.4%,二十二一烯酸(C22:1)增加10.37%,而棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬脂酸(C18:0)和亚油酸(C18:2)含量分别降低了3.47%、6.64%和4.83%,油酸(C18:1)和花生酸(C20:0)分别只降低了0.18%和1.91%。本研究结果表明,紫苏PfDGAT2基因不仅能提高种子含油率,还能促进亚麻酸、花生一烯酸等不饱和脂肪酸的积累,这为研究植物不饱和脂肪酸的合成积累提供了参考及理论依据。  相似文献   

11.
Field experiments were conducted in 2003/2004 in Québec to determine the effects of irrigation levels (none, low and high) and cultivars (AC Orford, AC Proteina and Golden) on soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] isoflavone concentrations and yields. Seed yield, yield components, and oil and crude protein (CP) concentrations were concurrently determined. Response to irrigation was greater in 2003, which was substantially warmer and drier than in 2004. In both years, most responses were observed with the lower of the two irrigation levels evaluated, which increased total isoflavones concentration by an average of 45 % compared with a non‐irrigated control. Cultivars, however, responded differently to irrigation. In 2003, response of AC Proteina was greater than that of AC Orford, while Golden did not respond. In 2004, some responses were observed with AC Proteina and Golden but none with AC Orford. Overall, in both years, AC Proteina had the greatest isoflavone concentrations and AC Orford the lowest. Responses of seed yield and yield components depended on the year and were also greater in 2003. Both irrigation treatments generally increased seed yield and yield components compared with a non‐irrigated control; the response was greater with the higher irrigation level. Irrigation had no effect on oil and CP concentrations. Finally, isoflavone yield response to irrigation was again greater in 2003, and depended on the cultivar. Results thus demonstrate that specific soil moisture levels will maximize soya bean isoflavone concentrations, excess irrigation sometimes negating any potential benefits.  相似文献   

12.
Two field experiments were conducted in 1985 and 1986 on the cotton cultivar, Giza 75 (Gossypiitm barbadense L.) to determine the effect of foliar application of Pix at 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 ppm on cottonseed yield, seed index, protein and oil contents and fatty acid compositions of cottonseed oil. Pix was sprayed once at 90 days or twice at 90 and 110 days from sowing date.
Seed yield/plant or /ha, protein and oil yield/ha, and seed index increased due to the application of Pix compared to the control. The highest response occurred with 40 or 60 ppm Pix and with one application rather than two. The seed protein percentage increased due to Pix application, especially at 10 ppm. A slight increase in seed oil percentage was detected throughout Pix applications. The number of applications had no noticeable effect on seed protein and oil %. Application of Pix caused a general decrease in the saturated fatty acids (myristic, stearic, and palmitic), associated with an increase in the unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic). These results were confirmed bv the ratio of total unsaturated fatty acids to total saturated (TU/TS). Ten ppm Pix gave the highest TU/TS. Generally, the saturated fatty acids decreased while the unsaturated fatty acids increased with one application rather than two. Palmitic acid was the most abundant saturated fatty acid, whereas linoleic acid was the most abundant unsaturated ones.  相似文献   

13.
对相同养殖条件下的3个不同品种稻花鲤开展其肌肉中脂肪酸组成及含量的测定分析,以期为稻田养殖品系的优化选择提供科学依据。结果表明：福瑞鲤肌肉粗脂肪含量显著低于瓯江彩鲤和本地鲤(P＜0.05);本地鲤、福瑞鲤和瓯江彩鲤3种稻花鲤肌肉中均检测出16种脂肪酸,其脂肪酸组成种类基本相似;亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、棕榈一烯酸和a-亚麻酸的含量占脂肪酸总量的92%以上;不饱和脂肪酸占比分别达到(73.52±0.13)%、(75.67±0.07)%和(75.69±0.19)%;福瑞鲤肌肉中多不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸的相对含量均显著高于本地鲤和瓯江彩鲤(P＜0.05),表明福瑞鲤稻花鱼具有比本地鲤和瓯江彩鲤稻花鱼更为优良的脂肪酸营养和肉质风味。  相似文献   

14.
Chilling stress is a major factor limiting the yield of soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] on a global scale. However, the regulatory network that controls the chilling response of soya bean remains unclear. In the present study, phenotyping and quantitative analyses of miRNAs in soya bean under chilling stress were carried out to determine the impact of environmental constraints on soya bean productivity. Measurements done during soya bean growth in chilling along with the results of field trials indicated that the cultivars Augusta and Fiskeby V responded differently to low temperatures. Although chilling affected the reproductive development of both cultivars, the final seed output remained unchanged. The differential expression of miR169, miR319, miR397 and miR398 under cold stress was detected using ddPCR. Upon chilling in the reproductive stage, we found that these miRNAs had contrasting expression profiles in Augusta and Fiskeby V. A set of candidate target genes was predicted based on degradome sequencing data. A negative correlation was found between the expression of miR169, miR319 and miR398 and their targets in the roots of both cultivars. Our work elucidates the impact of chilling stress on the productivity of two soya bean cultivars and reveals the importance of miRNA involvement in the low temperature response.  相似文献   

15.
G. Ishikawa    H. Hasegawa    Y. Takagi  T. Tanisaka 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(5):417-423
Sixty soybean cultivars from Japan and the USA formed five maturity groups (IIb‐Vc) based on number of days from sowing to flowering and number of days from flowering to maturity. Highly significant intervarietal differences in fatty acid composition were found in all the maturity groups, especially in IIc. Stearic and oleic acids showed a larger variation than palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Principal component analysis suggested that the total variation of fatty acid composition depended mainly on the desaturation levels from oleic to linoleic acid. Three cultivars exhibiting unique fatty acid composition, together with a standard cultivar, were examined for the contents of the five fatty acids, as well as crude oil at eight seed‐filling stages. For all four cultivars, it was found that crude oil content increased sigmoidally with advancing filling stage, and that the accumulation patterns of palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids were similar to that of crude oil. However, the accumulation pattern of stearic acid was different from that of crude oil and divided the cultivars into two distinct groups. For oleic acid, only the cultivar ‘Aburamame’ showed a rapid increase in proportion with advancing filling stage, although not differing markedly in accumulated content from the other cultivars. These results indicate that analysing the accumulation patterns of fatty acids could explain the latent genetic variation in fatty acid composition of soybean seeds.  相似文献   

16.
甘蓝型油菜油酸脱氢酶基因(fad2)多个拷贝的发现及分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
肖钢  张宏军  彭琪  官春云 《作物学报》2008,34(9):1563-1568
以甘蓝型油菜湘油15为材料, 随机挑选56个来自基因组的fad2基因克隆、47个来自幼苗整株的fad2基因cDNA克隆和9个授粉27 d后种子中fad2 cDNA克隆进行双向测序。基因组中56个fad2序列的碱基同源性为91.0%~99.9%, 从中得到11个差异序列, 即11个不同的fad2基因拷贝。将其翻译成氨基酸序列发现, 6个拷贝在编码区中出现多个终止密码子, 另外5个的同源性为90.60%~99.74%, 与47个来自幼苗整株的fad2基因cDNA序列进行比较, 发现fad2基因没有内含子。从种子中的9个fad2 cDNA克隆序列中找到2个有差异的cDNA, 它们的编码区中没有终止密码子, 说明在种子中有多个fad2基因表达。基因组中的11个拷贝根据同源性可分成两组, 命名为fad2I和fad2II。RT-PCR分析发现在授粉27 d的种子中fad2I有较强表达, fad2II没有表达; 但在叶片中两者都有表达。  相似文献   

17.
田翔  乔治军  田琴 《中国农学通报》2016,32(28):183-188
为了确定糜子油的最优提取工艺,并对其脂肪酸成分进行分析,在单因素实验基础上,以糜子油得率作为响应目标,通过中心复合设计进行优化,确定索氏提取法提取糜子油的最佳条件。利用气质联用仪对糜子脂肪酸成分检测。结果表明,提取溶剂石油醚,液料比为20:1,提取温度80℃,淋洗时间30 min 时提取条件为最佳,最佳得率为4.51%。对糜子油进行甲酯化后经气相色谱质谱仪分析,得到其主要脂肪酸为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、亚麻酸等,主要以不饱和脂肪酸为主,是优质脂肪酸。  相似文献   

18.
F. Javidfar    V. L. Ripley    V. Roslinsky    H. Zeinali    C. Abdmishani 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(1):65-71
The quality of the oil derived from oilseed rape is determined by its fatty acid composition. Breeding oilseed rape for enhanced oil quality includes the development of cultivars with high oleic and low linolenic acid. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) techniques were investigated for the development of molecular markers for genes controlling oleic and/or linolenic acid. Markers that were identified were converted to sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers for use in breeding. Molecular markers associated with these two fatty acids were identified in a doubled haploid population derived from a cross between the oilseed rape lines TO99‐5318‐20, very high oleic (>79%) and very low linolenic acid (<2%) × DH12075, high oleic (68%) and higher linolenic acid (>7%). Eight RAPD markers were associated with oleic and linolenic acid contents. The RAPD marker UBC 2830 accounted for 43% and 13% of the genetic variation for oleic and linolenic acid levels, respectively. The RAPD marker UBC 153550 accounted for 19% of the genetic variation for linolenic acid. The UBC 2830 fragment was converted to a SCAR marker. The markers identified in this study should be useful tools for the early generation selection of high oleic and low linolenic acid genotypes in oilseed rape breeding programmes.  相似文献   

19.
J.-D. Lee    J. G. Shannon    Y.-S. So    D. A. Sleper    R. L. Nelson    J.-H. Lee    M.-G. Choung 《Plant Breeding》2009,128(1):97-100
Lutein is a major carotenoid in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed, and has been shown to be beneficial for eye health in humans. Development of soybeans high in lutein is a goal of some breeding programmes. Little is known about how different growing environments affect lutein content. The objective of this study was to determine the variation of lutein and its relationship to seed protein, oil and individual fatty acids in soybean seed. Fifteen soybean genotypes were planted at four environments. There was no effect of year and planting date on lutein content in soybean seed. However, genotype × year, genotype × planting date and genotype × year × planting date were significant for lutein content. Although each genotype showed similar response across environments, lutein content varied significantly across the four growing environments in 14 of the 15 genotypes evaluated. Lutein content was not correlated with seed protein or oil and palmitic or stearic acid concentrations. However, lutein was positively correlated with oleic acid content and negatively correlated with linoleic and linolenic acids content.  相似文献   

20.
Summary Microspore embryogenesis technology allows plant breeders to efficiently generate homozygous micros-pore-derived breeding populations of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) without traditional generations of inbreeding. This study was conducted to compare the frequency distribution of microspore-derived population and single seed descent populations with respect to fatty acids of seed oil. Both microspore-derived populations and single seed descent populations were produced from each of three crosses made between selected parents containing contrasting amount of erucic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. The fatty acid content of F3 plants derived lines (F5 seed) developed by single seed descent was compared to that of microspore-derived populations. The means, ranges and distribution pattern of seed fatty acid contents were similar in both populations for each fatty acid studied, although a few heterozygous lines were observed in the single seed descent populations. The results indicated that microspore-derived population form random, homozygous F1 plant derived gametic arrays for all fatty acids evaluated. Selection for altered fatty acid composition in microspore-derived and single seed descent homozygous populations should be equally efficient, in the absence of linkage of traits investigated.  相似文献   

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