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<正> 就早期落果与乙烯的关系,检验了不同时期乙烯发生量与落果的关系,离层部分(果梗先端部分)的乙烯含量与落果的关系,AVG、GA及BA的混合处理与落果及乙烯发生量的关系,还检验了遮光与落果及乙烯发生量的关系.另外,对发育停止果的离层部分以GC～MS分析ABA,并与健壮果进行了比较。1.对无凸起裂萼幼果与有凸起裂萼的离层部分及果实部分的乙烯进行比较,前者比后者的离层部分和果实部分两组织内的乙烯均多,特别是离层部分的差异比较显著。 相似文献
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《烟台果树》1997,(3)
红星苹果采前落果的原因,除了8月份气温高、旱涝不均等不良因素外,主要是由红星品种本身的特性所决定。在快成熟时果实呼吸和果柄的离层形成加快,使苹果容易早落。落果出现在果实成熟前1个月左右。通过几年来的喷药物防止红星落果来看,预防采前落果有效的办法是树上喷α-萘乙酸钠。在红星苹果正常成熟前喷两次,可减少采前落果90％左右。α-萘乙酸使用浓度为15000～25000倍。因α-萘乙酸难溶于水,在使用时应先利用它和纯碱发生中和反应,使其生成α-萘乙酸钠后再使用。其方法是将α-萘乙酸和纯碱用称(或天平)称取相同重量,先把称好的纯碱用少量开水(热水)化开,等碱完全溶解在水中,再把等量的α-萘乙酸倒入碱水中,这时发生反应,溶液变成褐色,释放出气体生成 相似文献
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喷施GA3和2,4-D对留树保鲜脐橙落果和内源激素含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以纽荷尔脐橙（Newhall Navel Orange）为试材,测定喷施GA3和2,4-D的植株留树保鲜果实的落果率和果实内源赤霉素（GA）、生长素（IAA）、玉米素核苷（ZR）、脱落酸（ABA）含量的变化,探讨内源激素与留树保鲜脐橙落果的关系。结果表明：植物生长调节剂处理能降低果实内源GA、IAA、ZR含量下降的速度,减缓内源ABA及ABA/（GA + IAA + ZR）的升高,减少留树保鲜过程中的落果,其中以20 mg · L-1 GA3 + 20 mg · L-1 2,4-D混合处理的效果最好,且留树保鲜应以60 d左右为宜。初步分析认为内源GA、IAA、ZR含量的下降,内源ABA及ABA/（GA + IAA + ZR）的升高加速了果实离层的产生,共同促进了留树保鲜脐橙果实的衰老脱落。 相似文献
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以6年生单主干形燕红和沙红桃树为试材,研究不同部位和方位成熟果实、树皮、枝皮以及枝条内源激素含量。结果表明:2个桃品种树皮、枝皮以及枝条GA、IAA、ZR含量均是上部>中部>基部,树皮、枝皮和枝条中ABA含量均为基部>中部>上部,果实中ABA含量为上部>基部>中部;成熟果实中4种激素含量明显低于树皮、枝皮和枝条;不同部位树皮、枝皮和枝条中(GA+IAA+ZR)/ABA、GA/ABA、IAA/ABA、ZR/ABA值均是上部>中部>基部,成熟果实则是中部最高;不同方位树皮、枝皮和枝条中GA、IAA、ZR含量均是背上>水平>背下,而ABA含量为背下>水平>背上,树皮、枝皮和枝条中(GA+IAA+ZR)/ABA、GA/ABA、IAA/ABA、ZR/ABA值均为背上>水平>背下。 相似文献
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IAA、GA和ABA对苹果果实山梨醇代谢相关酶活性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以‘新红星’苹果果实为试材, 采用果肉圆片孵育技术, 研究了IAA、GA和ABA对SDH和SOX活性的影响以及二者之间的相关性。结果表明: 苹果果实发育过程中SOX活性与IAA、GA和ABA含量间存在显著的负相关关系, 而SDH活性只与GA含量有显著的负相关关系。外源IAA和GA均显著诱导果实SOX活性增加, 对发育前期果实的诱导作用最为显著; ABA仅对发育后期果实的SOX活性具有显著的诱导作用。果实发育前期和发育后期SDH活性受到外源ABA的显著激活; 而外源IAA仅提高发育前期果实的SDH活性。 相似文献
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《中国园艺文摘》2015,(1)
采用4个梨品种(A、B、C、D)花粉为香梨授粉,利用气相和液相(HPLC)色谱技术测定脱萼/宿萼香梨幼果果萼离层部位/顶部和果心部位内源乙烯(ETH))、生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA_3)、脱落酸(ABA)含量,研究花粉直感效应对香梨幼果萼片发育过程中萼片脱落/宿存关键期内源激素含量变化与萼片脱落/宿存的影响。结果显示:A、B、C 3个脱萼花粉授粉后,香梨幼果发育初期离区内源ETH急剧升高,并形成2个峰值,对冲了同期离区IAA,诱导离层形成,同期相同部位的ABA与ETH协同促进萼片脱落,脱萼幼果顶部和果心ETH、ABA含量均呈现"M"型波动,且显著高于IAA,GA3,而IAA、GA_3又在幼果发育关键期抑制了ETH、ABA过高水平而可能导致落果,最终形成"母梨";D宿萼花粉授粉后,香梨幼果无论果萼顶部还是果心的IAA、GA_3均呈现"N"型波动,且水平显著高于ETH、ABA,从而促进香梨幼果向"公梨"发育。 相似文献
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沙棘果实成熟模式研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
本文对乌鞘岭地区天然分布的中国沙棘和西藏沙棘物候期进行了系统观察,对两种沙棘果实生长与成熟期间的呼吸速率、内源植物激素IAA、ABA、乙烯含量的变化进行了系统测定,结果表明果实发育前期IAA含量与呼吸速率都很高,果实变色期时降至极小值,ABA恰在此时出现,9月末(花后135—139天)果实完熟时,ABA达到最高水平。果实完熟后果肉与种子中IAA又有增长趋势。中国沙棘、西藏沙棘分别于9月中旬末(花后133天)和9月上旬(花后115天)种子完熟时出现呼吸升高现象。果实生长后期有微量乙烯生成。根据沙棘果实ABA在变色期出现,完熟衰老前达到高峰值与呼吸速率及IAA的变化状况,有理由认为ABA在沙棘果实生长阶段的转化与成熟过程中起有重要的调节作用。按照其成熟模式,沙棘应属于非跃变果实,但成熟时却伴有呼吸升高现象,又有别于其它非跃变果实。 相似文献
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以酿酒葡萄品种"赤霞珠"为试材,研究了外源脱落酸(Abscisic acid,ABA)和表油菜素内酯(Epibrassinolide,EBR)处理对其生长过程中不同组织(果肉、果皮、种子)内源激素的影响及其对葡萄生长成熟的调节作用。在转色前2周(花后52d)对葡萄进行外源ABA和EBR处理,采用高效液相色谱与质谱联用(HPLC-MS)技术测定ABA和EBR处理后不同时期葡萄果肉、果皮、种子中ABA、生长素(Auxin,IAA)、赤霉素(Gibberellin,GA_3)和水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA)的含量。结果表明:在葡萄果实生长发育过程中,外源添加ABA和EBR均能提高葡萄果实中还原性糖的含量,并可显著降低可滴定酸的含量,但不影响成熟时期还原糖的最终含量;在处理早期,ABA处理和EBR处理均能显著增加果肉中IAA、GA_3和SA的含量,说明2种处理能加速葡萄的发育,促进果实的膨大;ABA处理和EBR处理均能显著提高转色期葡萄果实ABA的含量,提前抑制种子中生长素运输到果实其它部位的通路,说明外源添加ABA和EBR均能促进葡萄成熟。试验表明,外源ABA和EBR处理均能加速葡萄果实的发育,促进果实的成熟。 相似文献
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以‘红阳’猕猴桃为试材,研究脱落酸(ABA)对果实采后成熟过程中生长素(IAA)代谢的影响。结果表明,外源ABA处理能够加速自由态IAA的降解,提高IAA-Asp含量,同时可以显著促进IAA降解相关基因AcGH3.1的表达。从猕猴桃基因组数据库中分离鉴定到5个ABA响应结合因子基因(AcAREB1～AcAREB5),荧光定量PCR显示,5个基因在果实采后成熟过程中均能不同程度响应ABA。酵母单杂交结果显示,AcAREB1能够直接结合到AcGH3.1的启动子上。亚细胞定位显示AcAREB1定位在细胞核上。酵母自激活试验表明AcAREB1具有转录激活活性。这些结果表明,在猕猴桃果实成熟过程中,AcAREB1可以响应ABA,调控AcGH3.1的表达,从而促进IAA的降解,最终使得果实开始软化成熟。 相似文献
11.
H. Okuda 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):422-425
SummaryChange in IAA concentrations in the peduncle, branch and intervening abscission zone were measured to clarify the involvement of IAA in citrus fruit drop in response to ABA application. Results indicating the importance of an IAA increase in the abscission zone were obtained. One day after application of ABA, the concentration of IAA in the abscission zone showed a temporary increase and then a decrease. The concentration of IAA in the abscission zone was dependent on the concentration of ABA applied. Changes in the production of ethylene, which is involved in the process of abscission and which is induced by IAA, in explants from treated leafy inflorescences, were examined. The fruit-abscission ratios were also investigated in relation to the time required for preparation. Explants sampled 0±1.d after application showed little abscission or ethylene production during the first 24 h incubation. During the next 24 h, almost all the ABA-applied explants abscinded, as did the control, but the former produced 3±4 times more ethylene. ABA-applied explants, sampled 2.d after application, abscinded and produced ethylene markedly during the first 24.h, whereas the control explants did not abscind. Control and ABA-applied explants, sampled 3 d after application, showed no differences in their abscission ratios and ethylene production. These findings indicate that a temporary IAA rise in the abscission zone, observed one day after application, is involved in ethylene production in ABA-induced citrus fruit drop. 相似文献
12.
ABA和IAA对猕猴桃果实成熟进程的调控 总被引：29，自引：2，他引：27
以中华猕猴桃和美味猕猴桃果实为试材，研究果实成熟过程中内源ＡＢＡ，ＩＡＡ和乙烯的变化以及外源ＡＢＡ和ＩＡＡ处理对果实后熟软化进程的调控及其在生理基础。结果表明，果实采后初期，ＡＢＡ含量迅速升高，在２－４ｄ达到最大值，之后快速下降；在ＡＢＡ下降过程中，乙烯进入跃变期，果实后熟进程加快，外源ＡＢＡ处理增加内源ＡＢＡ含量，加快内源ＩＡＡ的降解，促使脂氧合酶活性峰值提前出现，加速果实软化，果实后熟进程中， 相似文献
13.
Fruit abscission in water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC.) was investigated by measuring fruit removal force (FRF) affected by fruit ages and plant hormones. FRF decreased rapidly 30 days after anthesis (DAA). Ethylene evolution increased rapidly at 35 DAA and ABA concentration increased gradually after 20 DAA. ACC and ethephon decreased the FRF of fruit explants and the promoting effect of ACC was delayed by silver thiosulphate and cycloheximide, but not by norbornadiene and actinomycin D. ABA enhanced fruit abscission without increasing ethylene evolution. However, the observation that CoCl2 delayed abscission induced by ABA indicates possible involvement of ethylene in the ABA effect. Treatment with NAA, fenoprop and IAA had no effect on 30 DAA fruit explants, but IAA delayed abscission of 25 DAA explants. This suggests that the effect of auxins may differ with fruit age when used as control agents. 相似文献
14.
Experiments were conducted to find the effects of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on fruit thinning of ‘Satsuma’ mandarins, and to see whether it affected ethylene production and cellulase activity at the abscission zone.NAA at 300 p.p.m. sprayed 25 days after full bloom was found to thin fruit causing a 30% increase in fruit drop in 1973. The following year, however, the effect of spraying was not significant because the overall percentage of fruit set was low. Cellulase activity of abscission zones of NAA-treated fruit showed considerably increased values in 1973, whereas in 1974 cellulase activity of control and NAA-treated fruit showed similar high values reflecting a higher fruit drop from control trees. Yellow, ready-to-abscise fruit from NAA-treated and from control trees produced higher amounts of ethylene than did apparently healthy green fruit from both treated and control trees. Essentially NAA caused no leaf abscission nor any increase in cellulase activity in abscission zones. Ethylene production from the leaves also remained low. Spraying 500 p.p.m. ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) caused severe leaf fall, markedly increased cellulase activity in abscission zones and ethylene production.The mechanism of fruit thinning by NAA is discussed in relation to the role of ethylene and cellulase. 相似文献
15.
One or two treatments of 2,4-D (18 p.p.m.) applied to ‘Temple’ orange trees during the last 6 weeks before the regular picking-period in late January, successfully reduced natural preharvest fruit abscission, allowing picking to be delayed by at least one month, and thus producing better external and internal fruit quality. It has been demonstrated for the first time that the delaying effect of auxin treatment on preharvest abscission was directly related to the decrease in the activity of endo- and exo-cellular cellulase. Most of the increase in cellulase activity during the abscission process was, however, due mainly to the activity of exo-cellular cellulase. When frost occurred a few days after application of 2,4-D, the auxin treatment significantly decreased total cellulase activity, thus reducing fruit abscission.The data proved that, except for the difference in the length of time between application and the onset of the hormone effect, the control mechanism of 2,4-D on abscission and on cellulase activity in intact fruit is similar to that previously reported for fruit explants. 相似文献
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首次引入内源激素平衡[(1AA+GAs+CTK)/ABA]概念,比较分析了荔枝三种类型果实(大核、小核、无核)内源激素平衡的动态变化;揭示了无核果在花后3d相对高水平的生长促进类激素(IAA+GAs+CTK)及花后ABA水平的持续下降是其具有单性结实能力的主要原因;同时,揭示了坐果期低水平的IAA、GAs及相对较低的(IAA+GAs+CTK)/ABA值是小核品种严重生理落果的主要原因;并比较了荔枝果实各组成部分(果皮、假种皮、种子)内源激素平衡的差异,认为胚的正常发育对维持荔枝果实后期的生长发育有重要意义,是大核品种后期生理落果较少的内部生理基础。 相似文献
18.
SummaryChanges in indole acetic acid (IAA) concentrations of the peduncle, branch and abscission zone were examined during the physiological fruit-drop period, to investigate the role of endogenous auxin in the peduncle and branch on the physiological drop of the fruit. The effects of 2,3,5-triiodebenzoic-acid (TIBA), applied to the peduncle or branch, on the IAA concentration in each organ and the drop ratio were also investigated. The fruit-drop ratio increased when TIBA was applied to the peduncle (TIBA-P application), whereas it decreased when the application was to the branch (TIBA-B application). Prior to fruit drop, marked IAA accumulation occurred in the abscission zone in the control and after TIBA-P application. An IAA gradient from the branch to the peduncle was found for TIBA-P applications, but a reverse gradient for TIBA-B applications. These results suggest that the reduction of IAA polar transport above the abscission zone is necessary to promote abscission and that both IAA accumulation in the abscission zone and the IAA gradient between the peduncle and branch are involved in abscission. 相似文献
19.
不同授粉处理对沙田柚果实发育中内源激素水平变化的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
沙田柚自花授粉果实的重量和体积均低于异花授粉处理。与未授粉子房相比,授粉子房迅速膨大。授粉处理可使子房内源激素(ＩＡＡ)、赤霉素(ＧＡ１＋３)、细胞分裂素(ＣＴＫｓ)和脱落酸(ＡＢＡ)水平急剧上升,异花授粉处理更明显。未授粉的子房内源生长促进类激素含量保持低水平,生长抑制类激素(ＡＢＡ)水平上升,这种激素水平的失衡最终造成未授粉子房的迅速凋落。果实生长发育初期,自花授粉幼果内源激素促进类激素含量低于异花授粉处理,ＡＢＡ水平明显高出后者,果实迅速增长期间,内源ＩＡＡ和ＧＡ１＋３有两个明显的高峰期,显示ＩＡＡ和ＧＡ１＋３含量与果实迅速膨大有密切关系。果实发育后期直至成熟,内源ＡＢＡ水平逐渐升高。测定果实发育整个过程的ＡＢＡ/(ＩＡＡ＋ＧＡ１＋３＋ＣＴＫｓ),未发现规律性的变化。 相似文献
20.
‘库尔勒香梨’花萼端不同形状果实的矿质元素和内源激素含量比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以库尔勒香梨(Pyrus sinkiangensis Yü‘Korla Xiangli’)果实为材料,研究了脱萼不突起、宿萼不突起和宿萼突起等3种形状以及同一形状的果柄端、胴部和花萼端等3个部位的矿质元素、内源激素和品质差异。结果表明,果皮的N、Ca、Mg、B含量较果肉高,而N/Ca和K/Ca则较果肉低;宿萼突起果中,N、K、P含量和N/Ca显著高于脱萼不突起果和宿萼不突起果;花萼端Ca含量显著低于果柄端和胴部,而N含量和N/Ca均显著高于果柄端和胴部。果皮的IAA、ZR和ABA含量较果肉高,并且宿萼突起果的IAA含量和(ZR+IAA+GA3)/ABA显著高于脱萼不突起果和宿萼不突起果,ABA含量则显著低于脱萼不突起果;果实不同部位的各内源激素分布未发现明显变化规律。脱萼不突起果综合品质好于宿萼果,花萼端可溶性固形物和维生素C含量显著高于果柄端和胴部。 相似文献