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1.
Cultivated Chinese wheat germplasm has been a valuable genetic resource in international plant breeding. Patterns of gliadin among cultivated Chinese accessions are unknown, despite the proven value and potential novelty. The objective of this work was to analyse the diversity within improved Chinese wheat germplasm. The electrophoretic banding patterns of gliadin in winter wheat cultivars and advanced lines were determined by acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. For 148 leading commercial cultivars and promising advanced lines used in this study, 48 patterns were identified, 29 corresponding to ω -gliadin, nine to γ -gliadin, five to β -gliadin and five to α -gliadin. The most frequent patterns were A6 in ω ; B in γ ; B in β and A in the region of α . A total of 116 band types appeared in the 148 samples: 94 accessions had unique gliadin types, and 22 gliadin, types while not unique, were found in 54 accessions. The gliadin patterns of Chinese wheat cultivars and lines greatly differed from the patterns of wheat lines from other countries. Three patterns, E, J, H, M, N and O in the ω -zone had not been reported previously. Three wheat zones of China, the Northern Winter Wheat Region, the Yellow and Huai Valley River valleys Winter Wheat Region and the Southwestern Winter Wheat Region, showed different frequencies in their gliadin patterns. This information can be used to monitor genetic diversity with Chinese wheat germplasm. 相似文献
2.
中国甘薯主要亲本遗传多样性的ISSR分析 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
用ISSR标记分析了中国62份甘薯主要亲本的遗传多样性, 明确了其遗传差异。结果表明, 17个ISSR引物共检测出490条多态性谱带, 平均每条引物检测出28.8条多态性谱带, 说明ISSR标记是评价甘薯遗传多样性的有效途径之一。62份中国甘薯主要亲本遗传距离为0.158~0.924, 平均为0.574, 通过UPGMA法, 可以聚为2大类, 一类为国内自育亲本, 一类为外引亲本, 说明中国甘薯主要亲本遗传多样性较丰富, 其中自育亲本与外引亲本之间遗传距离较远; 亚洲亲本遗传多样性高于非洲和美洲亲本, 并且与其他亲本间遗传距离较远; 亚洲品种中, 中国大陆亲本遗传距离最小, 为0.419, 与来自中国台湾的亲本差异较小, 但与外引亚洲亲本遗传距离较远。因此, 中国在未来甘薯育种中, 可以国内自育亲本与外引亲本以及外引亚洲亲本与外引其他亲本配制组合, 拓宽中国甘薯品种的遗传背景。 相似文献
3.
山东省普通小麦醇溶蛋白Gli-1和Gli-2位点等位基因的遗传变异 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE),分析了山东省种植面积较大的37个小麦品种醇溶蛋白Gli-1和Gli-2位点等位基因的组成特点。结果表明,山东小麦在醇溶蛋白Gli-1 (Gli-A1、Gli-B1和Gli-D1) 和Gli-2 (Gli-A2、Gli-B2和Gli-D2) 位点存在多样性,共鉴定出58个等位基因,出现频率较高的有6个,分别为Gli-A1a (48.6 %)、Gli-B1l (35.1%)、Gli-D1k (35.1%)、Gli-A2b (35.1％)、Gli-B2g (35.1％)和Gli-D2a (29.7％),其中Gli-B1l出现频率较高,表明1BL/1RS易位系在山东小麦中存在比较普遍。醇溶蛋白6个主要位点的遗传变异系数较高,平均为0.7930,变幅为0.7297～0.8269,其中Gli-D2位点遗传多样性最高,Gli-A1最低。对具有优质醇溶蛋白等位基因Gli-B1b或Gli-A2b的品种进行了高分子量谷蛋白亚基的组成分析,表明烟农15、烟优361、山农98-1和山农93-52同时含有优质谷蛋白5＋10亚基,在小麦育种中可利用这些优质亚基基因。 相似文献
4.
航天搭载小麦种子SP3代的遗传变异分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探讨航天搭载对小麦籽粒的诱变效应,给航天诱变育种提供理论支持,本研究利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺电泳和SRAP技术对航天搭载小麦品种白硬冬2号SP3 代种子的醇溶蛋白和基因组DNA进行了分析,结果表明航天诱变能够诱发醇溶蛋白和基因组DNA发生变异。在15个SP3代材料中,有8个材料的醇溶蛋白组成发生了变异,醇溶蛋白四个分区对航天诱变的敏感程度不同,以ω区最为敏感,产生的变异最多。利用25对SRAP引物对15个SP3代材料的基因组DNA变异进行了分析,共扩增出227条多态性条带,15个小麦航天诱变后代材料与对照间的遗传相似系数为0.821-0.937。 相似文献
5.
千瓣莲品种资源的RAPD分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1School of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100; 2Wuhan Institute of Vegetable Science, Wuhan 430065 相似文献
6.
克新系列马铃薯遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
利用RAPD标记技术对19份克新系列马铃薯品种进行了遗传多样性分析,分别提取19份马铃薯品种的DNA,进行随机引物多态性扩增,从1000条随机引物中初步筛选出7条有多态性的引物进行详细研究,每条RAPD引物扩增出4~9条带,共获得52条带,其中多态性条带为43条;19份马铃薯品种的遗传距离介于0.17~0.72之间,平均值为0.39,平均遗传距离介于0.31~0.51之间;聚类分析结果在GS=0.53处可将克新系列马铃薯品种划分为三类,聚类结果与系谱分析基本相符,同时也说明克新系列马铃薯的遗传基础有所拓宽。研究表明：RAPD标记简便、快速、成本低,适用于分析马铃薯遗传多样性,指导马铃薯育种实践中的亲本组配。 相似文献
7.
Genetic diversity within Australian wheat breeding programs based on molecular and pedigree data 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
124 wheat cultivars and breeding lines were screened with 19 microsatellite (SSR) loci generating 160 scorable bands which
were used to construct a genetic distance (GD) matrix. A distance matrix based on coefficient of parentage (COP) scores was
also generated for the cultivars for which good pedigree records were available. The SSR and COP data for 101 of the wheat
cultivars were compared with genetic distance scores obtained using1898 scorable restriction fragment length polymorphism
(RFLP) bands previously generated. Phylograms were generated based on the SSR, RFLP,combined SSR and RFLP and COP data. The
standardised Mantel's Z test showed that the distance matrices generated from all of the data sets were significantly correlated.
Bootstrap analysis showed that, although the SSR and RFLP data were correlated, a large number of SSR loci are required for
determining robust genetic relationships between large numbers of cultivars. In addition, accurate pedigree records are needed
to determine genetic relatedness using COP. The molecular data were also used to determine the level of genetic variability
within breeding programs and to assess the impact of the introduction of semidwarf and other germplasm. The results showed
that the level of genetic diversity in Australian wheat cultivars has increased over time and that in particular, the introduction
of semidwarf germplasm resulted in an increase in the overall diversity.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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9.
马铃薯品种遗传多样性的AFLP分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用AFLP分子标记技术对19份克新系列马铃薯品种进行了遗传多样性分析,用30对引物组合进行了初筛,选出7对有多态性的引物组合进行了详细研究。每对AFLP引物组合扩增出54~90条带,共获得495条带,其中多态性条带为302条。AFLP分析表明19个材料的遗传距离介于0.2091~0.7679之间,平均值为0.4811。聚类分析将19份材料划分为4类,其中第2类包括14个品种,占总数73.86%,表明多数品种亲缘关系较近,但有少数品种亲缘关系较远,说明克新系列马铃薯的遗传基础有所拓宽。研究表明：AFLP指纹分析技术具有很高的分辨率,适于进行马铃薯遗传多样性研究 相似文献
10.
Gliadin alleles were identified in 100 common wheat cultivars registered and/or grown in Spain during the last 40 years. A very high level of genetic polymorphism was found: in total, 103 allelic variants including one null‐allele were found at the six major Gli loci in the Spanish wheats studied. An average genetic diversity for these six loci was found to be higher (H=0.844) than in any group of wheat cultivars studied previously. Spanish wheats bred in Spain demonstrated even higher genetic diversity (H=0.868), probably because of the occurrence in this group of some landraces (local varieties) assumed to be strongly differentiated to fit local environments. The high level of genetic diversity of wheats grown in Spain was maintained by the introduction of distantly related wheat germplasm from different sources, especially from Italy and CIMMYT. A slight decrease of genetic diversity in recently registered cultivars might be caused by the excessive introduction of French wheats. Thirteen new alleles found in Spanish wheats were catalogued, including Gli‐D2w which encodes the first Gli‐D2‐controlledγ‐gliadin to be found. 相似文献
11.
Relationship between Quality, Colour of Glume and Gliadin Electrophoregrams in Durum Wheat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gliadin electrophoregrams, protein content and SDS-sedimentation values from the modified SDS-sedimentation test were obtained from six Greek cultivars of Triticum durum and 98 biotypes (78 with white glumes, 20 with red glumes). Our results provide wheat breeders with the tool TO predict the cooking quality of durum wheat from early generation breeding lines, since we were able to correlate the colour of the glume with the presence or absence of gliadin bands 42/45. All red glume biotypes lacked gliadin band 45 and possessed gliadin band 42. Furthermore, their SDS sedimentation values were around 27 (weak gluten), indicating poor cooking quality. Yet, the electrophoregrams of the gliadin proteins allowed an identification of the wheat cultivars examined, since for each cultivars the pattern was different. No correlation was found between the colour of the glume and the amount of total gram protein. 相似文献
12.
P. M. Franzone E. Y. Surez R. M. Solari E. A. Favret R. D. Rios A. H. Díaz Paleo 《Plant Breeding》1996,115(2):89-93
Three cultivars of wheat showing different levels of spontaneous karyotypic instability were studied regarding their stability in vitro for a number of characters, i.e. chromosome structure, gliadin pattern, glume and grain colour, awn type, chlorophyll pigmentation and plant morphology. The progenies of somaclones derived from immature embryos of both aneuploid and euploid plants were used in this study along with foundation seeds and a large number of their sexual progeny in order to discriminate between pre-existent variability and any novel variation induced by the in vitro culture. Only one translocation not described before and a new gliadin pattern were detected which could be ascribed to the effects of tissue culture, suggesting that this technique is not effective for inducing novel variation for breeding purposes in wheat. 相似文献
13.
红花品种遗传多样性的SRAP分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用相关序列扩增多态性SRAP(Sequence-related amplified polymorphism)技术对8份国内不同来源以及8份国外不同国家的,共计16份红花栽培种进行遗传多样性分析。选用20对多态性较高的引物组合对材料进行PCR扩增,而后进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,获得多态性条带。共获得354条清晰的条带,其中,135条为多态性条带,多态性比率为38.14%。遗传相似系数在0.3~0.9之间,平均相似系数为0.65,表明红花种内不同栽培种之间具有较高的遗传多样性和相似性。 相似文献
14.
利用SSR标记分析17个亚麻品种的遗传关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本研究利用90对SSR引物对17个亚麻品种（品系）进行了遗传相似性的分析。SSR标记简便高效,特异性强,但目前在亚麻上的应用还比较少,本研究选择均匀分布在亚麻不同染色体上的90对SSR标记进行分析。结果表明：所有参试SSR引物均扩增出清晰稳定的多态性条带,在17个参试亚麻品种间共检测出170个不同的扩增条带。17个亚麻品种分成5个大群体,遗传距离最大的品种是‘9801-1-17’和‘阿卡塔’。第二组和第五组都只有一个品种,分别是‘A29’和‘9801-1-17’,它们与其他的品种间亲缘关系均较远。本研究表明SSR技术在亚麻遗传育种中有很大的应用前景,准确高效。遗传距离较远的几个品种可用于杂交育种和各种农艺性状的进一步遗传分析。 相似文献
15.
小麦种质资源醇溶蛋白指纹图谱数据库的初步建立及应用 总被引：34，自引：1，他引：33
利用ISTA的A-PAGE标准方法,初步建立了我国小麦的主要栽培品种、古老地方品种及国外引进品种共90份材料的标准醇溶蛋白指纹图谱数据库,并利用该数据库对90份供试材料进行了遗传多样性分析及聚类分析,共发现有75条相对迁移率不同的醇溶蛋白谱带,且出现频率不同,表明醇溶蛋白指纹图谱具有丰富的遗传多样性。 相似文献
16.
为充分了解及更合理地利用无核葡萄的种质资源,辅助无核葡萄育种,本研究采用SRAP分子标记技术,对23 个国内外主流无核葡萄品种的种质亲缘关系进行分析。结果表明：从45 对SRAP引物中筛选出38 对多态性引物,共扩增出236 条谱带,其中171 条为多态性谱带,多态性谱带百分率为72.4%。遗传相似分析显示,供试材料间遗传相似系数的变化范围为0.58~0.90,遗传距离在1.0313~4.9643 范围内变化。在遗传相似系数为0.61 处,可将供试材料分为2 个大类群,在相似系数为0.66 处,Ⅰ类群和Ⅱ类群均可分为2个亚群。说明23个品种总体来讲亲缘关系较远,特别欧美杂种具有较高的遗传多样性,部分欧亚种品种间亲缘关系较近,杂交育种时应注意亲本选择。 相似文献
17.
为充分利用小麦三雌蕊近等基因系的优良性状,深入探索其在小麦遗传育种中的利用价值。采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对小麦三雌蕊近等基因系的高分子量麦谷蛋白(HMW-GS)、低分子量麦谷蛋白(LMW-GS)和醇溶蛋白进行了分析。以‘中国春’(CS)为参照,按照LMW-GS和醇溶蛋白电泳图谱条带迁移距离大小和条带多态性对供试材料进行聚类分析。麦谷蛋白的SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明,10份材料共出现了10 种HMW-GS 亚基类型和8 种亚基组合;在Glu-A1 位点,主要亚基Null 的频率达60%;Glu-B1 位点,主要亚基7+8 的频率为50%;Glu-D1 位点,主要亚基2+12 的频率为60%;主要亚基组合为Null/7+8/2+12。10 份材料共分离出20 条LMW-GS带谱,其中共有带谱10 条,比例为50%。醇溶蛋白的A-PAGE电泳结果表明,10 份材料共分离出25 条带谱,其中共有带谱5 条,比例为20%。聚类分析结果表明,10 份材料的遗传距离为0.03~0.28,当遗传距离为0.26 时,10 份材料可分为3 大类。综合麦谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白分析以及聚类分析结果可知,小麦三雌蕊近等基因系不能用于提高小麦的品质育种,但可用于提升小麦的产量育种,其首要目标是提高千粒重。 相似文献
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Iris Biton Sofia Shevtsov Oren Ostersetzer Yair Mani Shimon Lavee Benjamin Avidan Giora Ben‐Ari 《Plant Breeding》2012,131(6):767-774
The olive (Olea europaea) is one of the most important oleaginous crops of the Mediterranean basin. Increased demand for olive oil creates a need for new olive varieties to help meet the requirements of the global market. However, olive breeding has been handicapped by such varied challenges as a prolonged juvenile period, agrotechnical problems and insufficient genetic knowledge. The use of DNA markers has the potential to overcome these problems and increase the effectiveness of classical breeding programmes. In this study, co‐dominant polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were used as markers to analyse the genetic relationships between several local and other ‘non‐native’ olive cultivars. Cluster analysis revealed four major groups among the 15 cultivars examined in this study. Table and oil cultivars were clustered in different groups. However, the clusters did not differentiate between cultivars of different geographical origins. In addition, we used the data gathered to analyse genetic relationships to evaluate the effects of heterosis in agricultural traits. Genetic distances between cultivars were determined based on the SSR genotype data and were used for evaluating the possible effects of heterosis in various F1 populations. Interestingly, phenotypic data of F1 progenies from crosses between different cultivars indicated the potential effects of heterosis as expressed in several traits. Genetic distance between parents was significantly correlated to F1 performance for three traits: percentage of dry fruit weight, oil content and commercial oil production. Thus, crosses between olive cultivars exhibiting relatively extensive genetic distances one from the other are expected to result in better progeny performance in future Olea breeding programmes. Our study linked assessment of biodiversity of commercial olive cultivars with the application of this information in olive breeding programmes for selection of specific parents to generate superior new cultivars. 相似文献