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Biochemical Mechanism of Chlorantraniliprole Resistance in the Diamondback Moth,Plutella xylostella Linnaeus 
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下载免费PDF全文 HU Zhen-di FENG Xia LIN Qing-sheng CHEN Huan-yu LI Zhen-yu YIN Fei LIANG Pei GAO Xi-wu 《农业科学学报》2014,13(11):2452-2459
The insecticide chlorantraniliprole exhibits good efficacy and plays an important role in controlling the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus. However, resistance to chlorantraniliprole has been observed recently in some field populations. At present study, diamondback moths with resistance to chlorantraniliprole (resistant ratio (RR) was 82.18) for biochemical assays were selected. The assays were performed to determine potential resistance mechanisms. The results showed that the selected resistant moths (GDLZ-R) and susceptible moth could be synergized by known metabolic inhibitors such as piperonyl butoxide (PBO), triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and diethyl-maleate (DEM) at different levels (1.68–5.50-fold and 2.20–2.89-fold, respectively), and DEM showed the maximum synergism in both strains. In enzymes assays, a high level of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was observed in the resistant moth, in contrast, moths that are susceptible to the insecticide had only 1/3 the GST activity of the resistant moths. The analysis of short-term exposure of chlorantraniliprole on biochemical response in the resistant strain also showed that GST activity was significantly elevated after exposure to a sub-lethal concentration of chlorantraniliprole (about 1/3 LC50, 12 mg L−1) 12 and 24 h, respectively. The results show that there is a strong correlation between the enzyme activity and resistance, and GST is likely the main detoxification mechanism responsible for resistance to chlorantraniliprole in P. xylostella L., cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) and carboxy-lesterase (CarE) are involved in to some extent. 相似文献
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在中国科学院动物研究所提供的１１种烟草夜蛾ＨｅＬｉｏｔｈｉｓａｓｓｕｌｔａ性引诱剂合成样品中，以Ｂ，Ｄ，Ｅ３种诱蛾效果最优，Ａ，Ｃ，Ｆ次之，Ｇ，Ｈ，Ｉ，Ｊ，Ｋ较差；在同一时期内不同样品间或不同区组间的诱娥高峰日无显著差异；诱娥高峰日与累计蛾量达５０％的日期之间也无明显差异．本文还研究了诱蛾高峰日的蛾量与总诱蛾量的回归关系及诱蛾高峰日与下一代卵孵化高峰日的关系． 相似文献
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We have obtained high-resolution (approximately 1") deep x-ray images of the globular cluster 47Tucanae (NGC 104) with the Chandra X-ray Observatory to study the population of compact binaries in the high stellar density core. A 70-kilosecond exposure of the cluster reveals a centrally concentrated population of faint (Lx approximately 10(30-33) ergs per second) x-ray sources, with at least 108 located within the central 2' x 2.5' and greater, similar half with Lx approximately 10(30.5) ergs per second. All 15 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) recently located precisely by radio observations are identified, though 2 are unresolved by Chandra. The x-ray spectral and temporal characteristics, as well as initial optical identifications with the Hubble Space Telescope, suggest that greater, similar50 percent are MSPs, about 30 percent are accreting white dwarfs, about 15 percent are main-sequence binaries in flare outbursts, and only two to three are quiescent low-mass x-ray binaries containing neutron stars, the conventional progenitors of MSPs. An upper limit of about 470 times the mass of the sun is derived for the mass of an accreting central black hole in the cluster. These observations provide the first x-ray "color-magnitude" diagram for a globular cluster and census of its compact object and binary population. 相似文献
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Photometry and spectroscopy of the object Cha Halpha 1, located in the Chamaeleon I star-forming cloud, show that it is a approximately 10(6)-year-old brown dwarf with spectral type M7.5 to M8 and 0.04 +/- 0.01 solar masses. Quiescent x-ray emission was detected in a 36-kilosecond observation with 31.4 +/- 7.7 x-ray photons, obtained with the Rontgen Satellite (ROSAT), with 9final sigma detection significance. This corresponds to an x-ray luminosity of 2.57 x 10(28) ergs per second and an x-ray to bolometric luminosity ratio of 10(-3.44). These are typical values for late M-type stars. Because the interior of brown dwarfs may be similar to that of convective late-type stars, which are well-known x-ray sources, x-ray emission from brown dwarfs may indicate magnetic activity. 相似文献
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Sex pheromone production in the female corn earworm moth Heliothis zea is controlled by a hormonal substance produced in the female's brain. It is present in the brain in scotophase as well as photophase, but it is released into the hemolymph to stimulate pheromone production only in the scotophase. The stimulatory activity was also detected in the brains of male corn earworm moths and of other moths. 相似文献
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The lethal effect of x-rays on dividing yeast cells can be decreased by small ultraviolet exposures delivered before or after x-ray exposure. This mitigating action can be decreased by exposure to visible light concomitant with photoreactivation of ultraviolet lethality. The results suggest considerable overlap between x-ray and ultraviolet lethality sites in dividing cells. 相似文献
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In conventional x-ray diffraction experiments on single crystals, essentially monochromatic x-rays are used. If polychromatic x-rays derived from a synchrotron radiation spectrum are used, they generate a Laue diffraction pattern. Laue patterns from single crystals of macromolecules can be obtained in less-than 1 second, and significant radiation damage does not occur over the course of an exposure. Integrated intensities are obtained without rotation of the crystal, and individual structure factors may be extracted for most reflections. The Laue technique thus offers advantages for the recording of diffraction patterns from short-lived structural intermediates; that is, for time-resolved crystallography. 相似文献
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Field studies of releases and recaptures of diurnal moths painted with yellow to resemble the edible tiger swallowtail and of black moths that resemble a toxic species of swallowtail produced these results: (i) A greater proportion of the black moths were recaptured; (ii) daily trapping for a week after each release showed that the black moths survived longer than the yellow-painted moths; (iii) an analysis of wing injuries shows that most attacks can be attributed to birds and that the yellow-painted moths were attacked more often, more vigorously, or more persistently than the black moths. These results are interpreted as showing a greater predation pressure on the yellow-painted than on the black moths and, therefore, as confirming the Batesian theory of mimicry. 相似文献
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An x-ray survey of the Virgo region revealed signals from the directions of 3C 273 and M 87. Three other x-ray sources appear in the region scanned, but do not fit any known radio sources. The x-ray flux (1 to 10 angstroms) from the direction of 3C 273 is about 1000 times weaker than from the strongest x-ray source, Sco XR-1. If the source is located at the cosmological distance of 500 megaparsecs, the x-ray luminosity is 7.3 x 10(45) ergs per second. The x-ray luminosity of M87 is 1.5 x 10(43) ergs per second. 相似文献
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Observations of the Trapezium region in the Orion Nebula obtained with the high-resolution x-ray imaging instrument on board the Einstein Observatory reveal at least 58 sources of x-ray emission. All but two of the sources can be identified with visible stars. The strongest x-ray source is the star Theta(1)C, which excites the emission nebula. Its x-ray luminosity is 6 x 10(32) ergs per second. The rest of the x-ray sources may be identified with stars of all spectral types. Strong x-ray emission is not observed from members of the infrared cluster embedded within the Orion molecular cloud. 相似文献
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Time-resolved x-ray diffraction of biological materials 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
S M Gruner 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,238(4825):305-312
Instrumental and specimen considerations pertinent to performing time-resolved x-ray diffraction on biological materials are discussed. Existing synchrotron x-ray sources, in conjunction with integrating x-ray detectors, have made millisecond diffraction experiments feasible; exposure times several orders of magnitude shorter than this will be possible with synchrotron sources now on the drawing boards. Experience gained from time-resolved studies together with order-of-magnitude estimates of specimen requirements can be used to determine the instrumental capabilities needed for various time-resolved experiments. Existing instrumental capabilities and methods of dealing with time-resolved specimens are reviewed. 相似文献
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目的 判断性信息素诱捕雄蛾发育状况对于客观评价群集诱杀技术的效果具有重要意义。本文通过斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura）内生殖系统形态与发育日龄的研究,判断田间诱捕雄蛾的发育情况和虫源性质,为应用性信息素诱杀技术防控斜纹夜蛾提供理论依据。方法 2014—2015年,利用昆虫解剖镜对室内羽化1—10日龄斜纹夜蛾雄蛾进行解剖测量,形成依据精巢长半轴判断雄蛾日龄的发育标准;2015—2017年,对四川省眉山市东坡区、四川省成都市金堂县田间利用性信息素诱捕到的斜纹夜蛾进行逐日收集并解剖测定,进而依据该标准划分田间逐日性诱的雄蛾日龄结构,分析诱捕雄蛾对自然交配的影响。结果 斜纹夜蛾雄蛾内生殖系统由精巢、输精管、贮精囊、射精管、附腺组成,精巢结构稳定,具有一定弹性,易测量。随着日龄增长,精巢长半轴数值呈减小趋势,1日龄精巢长半轴均值为1 103.54 μm,10日龄雄蛾精巢长半轴比1日龄长半轴减少44.71%,精巢长半轴（y）与日龄（x）关系式为：y=-48.52x+1084(R 2=0.9472,RMSE=36.8)。1—5日龄组、6—8日龄组、9—10日龄组之间精巢长半轴长度差异显著。根据实验室饲养羽化斜纹夜蛾1—10日龄的精巢长半轴长度与羽化日龄间的数据关系,制定出精巢长半轴判别雄蛾日龄标准表,用于检测田间信息素诱捕雄蛾日龄组成。2015—2017年金堂县和2017年东坡区田间诱捕的雄蛾日龄结构趋势一致,日龄越大,该日龄雄蛾占总诱捕数的百分数越低。金堂县田间诱捕斜纹夜蛾雄蛾1日龄平均百分比为39.89%,2日龄为21.42%,3日龄为15.75%,1—3日龄雄蛾共计占总诱捕数72.22%—79.02%,5—10日龄占比均在10%以下;2017年东坡区田间诱捕斜纹夜蛾雄蛾中1日龄百分比为39.93%,2日龄为20.79%,3日龄为19.54%,1—3日龄雄蛾共计占总诱捕雄蛾数的80.26%,5日龄以后占比较小。各日龄雄蛾平均百分数与日龄数呈指数函数关系下降。根据逐日诱捕雄蛾数量动态,4月末至8月末,金堂县和东坡区斜纹夜蛾均发生3代,第1代、第2代诱捕的雄蛾数以1—3日龄青年蛾为主,金堂青年蛾与老年蛾比为3.32、1.54,东坡区青年蛾与老年蛾比为3.34、1.58;随着虫量增加,第3代东坡区以老龄蛾数量占优势,两者比为0.76,低于金堂的2.34。 结论 斜纹夜蛾雄蛾精巢大小能够反映雄蛾日龄,通过检测田间性诱雄蛾日龄的结果表明,利用性信息素捕获的雄蛾以1—3日龄青年雄蛾为主,有利于降低田间成虫交配率。 相似文献
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M Howells C Jacobsen J Kirz R Feder K McQuaid S Rothman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,238(4826):514-517
X-ray holography offers the possibility of three-dimensional microscopy with resolution higher than that of the light microscope and with contrast based on x-ray edges. In principle, the method is especially advantageous for biological samples if x-rays in the wavelength region between the carbon and oxygen K edges are used. However, until now the achieved resolution has not exceeded that of the light microscope because of the poor coherence properties of the x-ray sources and the low resolution of the detectors that were available. With a recently developed x-ray source based on an undulator on an electron storage ring, and high resolution x-ray resist, a hologram has been recorded at about 400-angstrom resolution. The experiment utilized x-rays with wavelengths of 24.7 angstroms and required a 1-hour exposure of the pancreatic zymogen granules under study. 相似文献
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性信息素防治技术一直是我国防治亚洲玉米螟的重要方式之一。为测试不同干式性诱捕器与不同浓度性诱芯对亚洲玉米螟雄蛾的诱捕效果,开展了捕虫室固定或摇摆、进蛾口口径、不同诱捕器类型对田间玉米螟雄蛾的诱捕试验,并对搭配4种性诱芯的桶状诱捕器在不同试验田诱捕玉米螟雄蛾的效果进行研究。结果表明：①捕虫室固定的诱捕器比摇摆的诱捕器诱捕玉米螟雄蛾效果更好;②不同口径的塑料诱捕器中,外口直径14 cm诱捕器诱捕雄蛾效果较好,且对于相同口径诱捕器,橡皮性诱芯诱捕雄蛾效果优于牙签性诱芯;③比较桶状诱捕器、塑料诱捕器和三角板诱捕器,桶状诱捕器的诱捕雄蛾效果最好;④在玉米田、水稻田中,搭配2.6∶1-XP性诱芯的诱捕器诱捕雄蛾数量较多;在大豆田,搭配1∶1性诱芯的诱捕器诱捕雄蛾数量较多。综上所述,捕虫室固定、诱捕器进蛾口越大,诱捕玉米螟雄蛾效果越好;相同诱捕器,配置橡皮性诱芯诱捕雄蛾效果更好,不同作物田地的最佳性诱芯不同。结果为合理使用性诱捕器及性诱芯防治亚洲玉米螟提供理论依据。 相似文献
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延迟交配被认为是交配干扰技术间接控制害虫种群的一种方法。近年来延迟交配行为对蛾类昆虫生殖适合度的影响得到了广泛的研究,然而,延迟交配行为与蛾类生殖适合度之间的关系相当复杂且存在很大疑惑。本文通过对搜集到的38篇实例研究性文献进行Meta分析,探讨了蛾类的延迟交配行为对雌蛾的生殖产量的影响并确定这种差异是否受科属、性别和交配策略的影响。结果表明延迟交配明显降低雌蛾的产卵量和卵的孵化率,而雌蛾寿命相应地延长。这种负相关性在不同科、性别和交配策略的蛾类之间有所差异,表现为延迟交配对夜蛾科、螟蛾科、卷蛾科、尺蛾科等的负作用高于草螟科、菜蛾科、巢蛾科和蛀果蛾科等蛾类;对雌蛾的影响比雄蛾更明显;而对多配制蛾类的影响比单配制蛾类更显著。笔者的结果支持成虫日龄与雌蛾生殖产量之间存在明显的相关性,每种蛾类均存在一个最佳的交配日龄,从而提出交配干扰技术在实际生产中只有在蛾类最佳交配日龄之前应用合成信息素来阻止或干扰其交配行为才能取得最佳的防治效果。 相似文献
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雌蛾冷藏对家蚕产卵性能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[目的]研究雌蛾冷藏对家蚕产卵性能的影响。[方法]将中系1303、日系1302家蚕在交配前于51、0、15℃下分别冷藏122、43、6、48h,交配产卵后计算产卵蛾率、单蛾遗腹卵率和不良卵率。[结果]中系1303雌蛾的平均产卵蛾率以冷藏12 h较高,平均单蛾遗腹卵率以冷藏364、8 h较高;日系1302雌蛾的平均产卵蛾率以冷藏12 h较高,平均单蛾遗腹卵率以冷藏48 h较高。5℃下冷藏12 h的1303雌蛾的单蛾遗腹卵率平均值最低,1302雌蛾的平均单蛾遗腹卵率受冷藏时间的影响,以冷藏12 h的最低。1303、1302冷藏雌蛾的平均单蛾良卵率有随冷藏温度的降低、冷藏时间的延长而逐渐降低的趋势。[结论]5℃冷藏12~24 h的家蚕雌蛾的产卵性能较好,且1303较1302耐冷藏。 相似文献
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大蜡螟的室内人工饲养技术及生物学观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大蜡螟的养殖一般在30℃,60%～70%RH,全黑暗条件下。以中蜂旧巢脾为饲料饲养的大蜡螟,其卵、幼虫、蛹、雌蛾、雄蛾的历期分别为7.9±1.3、38.6±3.4、8.8±1.2、6.7±2.1、11.2±2.2d。雌蛾平均产卵量为864.55±98.6粒(258～1 489粒)。雌蛾产卵前期平均1.2d,雌成虫平均寿命6.7d,产卵期平均4.25d,占雌成虫期的63.43%;雄成蛾平均寿命9.95d,大于雌成蛾。雌蛾平均每只产卵率199.19粒/♀/d。雌蛹平均体重及初生体重均极显著地大于雄蛹的平均体重。本实验在一定的范围内使大蜡螟发育周期缩短,为生物测定提供优良的、标准的供试虫体。 相似文献
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Cirtain JW Golub L Lundquist L van Ballegooijen A Savcheva A Shimojo M Deluca E Tsuneta S Sakao T Reeves K Weber M Kano R Narukage N Shibasaki K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5856):1580-1582
Coronal magnetic fields are dynamic, and field lines may misalign, reassemble, and release energy by means of magnetic reconnection. Giant releases may generate solar flares and coronal mass ejections and, on a smaller scale, produce x-ray jets. Hinode observations of polar coronal holes reveal that x-ray jets have two distinct velocities: one near the Alfvén speed ( approximately 800 kilometers per second) and another near the sound speed (200 kilometers per second). Many more jets were seen than have been reported previously; we detected an average of 10 events per hour up to these speeds, whereas previous observations documented only a handful per day with lower average speeds of 200 kilometers per second. The x-ray jets are about 2 x 10(3) to 2 x 10(4) kilometers wide and 1 x 10(5) kilometers long and last from 100 to 2500 seconds. The large number of events, coupled with the high velocities of the apparent outflows, indicates that the jets may contribute to the high-speed solar wind. 相似文献