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1.
风向风速矢量统计、输沙势计算以及风况风能环境分类是研究沙区风沙地貌动力学的重要内容。文中以青海湖湖东沙区为研究对象，使用2006、2009、2012及2015年3、4、5月的逐时风速风向数据，计算起沙风、输沙势的数值及方向，分析评估风季研究区风沙活动特征及风能环境，结果表明：1)青海湖湖东沙区起沙风以西风组为主，东风组几乎没有起沙风。2)青海湖湖东沙区的输沙势以W、WNW、WSW、SW,4个方向为主，各月各方向输沙势值均在16.9VU以下，各月合成输沙势RDP低于30VU,4年风季输沙势值均低于65VU,年输沙势值小于200VU,属于低风能区。3)合成输沙方向RDD全部位于ENE、E、ESE这3个方向上，该沙区属于单峰或者窄双峰风况，潜在输沙方向比较单一。 相似文献
2.
库姆塔格沙漠东缘荒漠绿洲过渡带风况及输沙势 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以国家林业局库姆塔格荒漠生态系统定位研究站2012-2013年的气象资料为依据,分析了库姆塔格沙漠东缘荒漠-绿洲过渡带的风况特征和输沙势变化情况.结果表明:1)研究区主要受WNW-NW和ENE-NE两组风向起沙风控制,其中主风向为WNW-NW,占全年起沙风的35.15％,次风向为ENE-NE,占全年起沙风的24.80％;2)该区起沙风主要发生在春季和夏季,占全年起沙风的72.59％,春季起沙风主风向为ENE,其他季节起沙风的主风向为WNW方向.3)在风沙活动期内,年合成输沙势(RDP)为54.73VU,合成输沙势方向(DDR)为S 189°,研究区属于低风能环境.研究区输沙势的大小具有明显的季节性,其中春季和夏季具有较高的总输沙势(DP)和合成输沙势(DDR). 相似文献
3.
荒漠-绿洲过渡带风况及输沙势分析——以策勒县为例 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以中国科学院新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外观测研究站2005-2006年的气象资料为依据,分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘荒漠-绿洲过渡带的风况特征和输沙势变化情况.结果表明:①研究区风向以W风为主,频率占62.43%～76.25%,WNW风次之,频率占17.75%;②该区起沙风主要发生在春夏两季,其频率占全年的11.93%～61.84%,6月出现频率最高,且春夏两季起沙风平均风速较大,最大达7.90 m/s;③在风沙活动期内,研究区风向变率指数(RDP/DP)为0.94,属于单风风况,合成输沙势(RDP)及合成输沙方向(RDD)分别为27.98VU和92.10°(ESE),属于低风能环境.输沙势的季节变化幅度较大,主要集中在春夏两季. 相似文献
4.
新疆策勒河下游塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘风沙活动特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对策勒风沙前沿风况及输沙数据统计分析,采用回归分析方法,初步揭示了其风沙活动特征。结果表明:单方位0-100cm高度集沙仪每层高度输沙量随高度变化服从指数或幂函数关系,0-10cm和0-20cm高度范围累积输沙量分别占总输沙量的12.43-42.88%和23.43-64.16%。全方位跃移输沙量主要集中在WNW、W、SW、WSW、NW方位上,每个观测阶段的输沙势与BSNE水平输沙通量呈多项式函数关系,相关性极好,输沙势大小与40cm高全方位跃移总输沙量呈线性正相关关系。单方位集沙仪在0-100cm高度累积输沙量与输沙势大小呈明显的指数函数关系。通过塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘风沙前沿风况大小可以预测BSNE输沙通量和近地表全方位跃移总输沙量,对于防沙工程的设计具有重要的理论意义。 相似文献
5.
本文通过野外观测、室内分析计算、CFD数值模拟方法，对敦格铁路沙山沟特大桥东西两侧风动力环境特征进行研究分析。结果表明：（1）沙山沟特大桥东西两侧春夏季起沙风主要以NW和WNW风向为主，秋冬季起沙风向主要以SE、S风为主；沙山沟特大桥西侧全年输沙势为284.19 VU，属于中等风能环境，合成输沙势为27.4 VU，合成输沙风向为124°，方向变率指数为0.10，属于小比率，风向多变。（2）沙山沟特大桥东侧年输沙势为31.24 VU，属于低风能环境，合成输沙势为8.97 VU，合成输沙风向为91°，方向变率指数为0.29，属于中比率；沙山沟特大桥西侧平均风速、起沙风频率、输沙势、合成输沙势较大，应加强高架桥西侧沙害监测与防治；根据高架桥西侧风动力环境特点并结合流动沙丘进行模拟，分析得出桥底架空区域及桥面风速均大于起沙风速，输沙能力较强，不易产生积沙。但随着沙丘的前移，桥底架空区域产生积沙及风沙上轨可能性增大。 相似文献
6.
厘清区域风沙运动环境和沉积物粒度特征是研究风沙流的关键，对地区风沙灾害的防护与治理具有重要意义。本文利用乌珠穆沁沙地的风况数据，研究沙地起沙风况和输沙势变化特征，同时结合沉积物粒径数据，揭示该地区风沙环境的空间分异规律。结果表明：(1)乌珠穆沁沙地年均起沙风频率为33.8%，平均风速介于3.34～5.40 m·s-1之间，平均起沙风速介于6.46～8.49 m·s-1之间，沙地起沙风频率和风速北部大于南部，西部大于东部。(2)沙地整体年内起沙风频率和风速春季最高，起沙风向以西南方向为主，WSW风向频率最高。(3)沙地输沙势为19.2～193.7 VU，整体属低风能环境，风况多为锐双峰风况，沙地输沙势北部大于南部，西部大于东部。全年沙物质整体向东、东北方向输移，春季是最主要的风沙活动期。(4)沙地整体以粗沙和中沙组分为主，南部和西部土壤粒径偏粗，东部偏细。沙地北部和东部沉积物分选性较差，粒径组分受外来影响较大。总体而言，沙地北部风沙活动最强，适宜人工建植或铺设沙障固沙。沙地东部栽植防护林，避免沙物质持续东移。 相似文献
7.
策勒绿洲-荒漠过渡带风沙前沿近地面不同方向的输沙特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用策勒绿洲-荒漠过渡带风沙前沿输沙资料及风速风向资料,分析这一区域近地面输沙的方向分布特征。结果表明：① 风沙前沿起沙风风向以W、WNW为主,风向变化比较单一;② 观测点输沙量集中于NW、WNW、W、SW、WSW 5个方位,合计占总输沙量的68.3%;0～40 cm高度年输沙量为96.0 kg,年合成输沙量为45.9 kg,合成输沙方向为102.5°;③ 观测点年输沙势为43.2 VU,年合成输沙势为31.04 VU,输沙势的方向分布与实测输沙量存在较大差异。 相似文献
8.
沙漠地区风沙活动特征——以中国科学院风沙观测场为例 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
运用中国科学院风沙科学观测场的实测资料,对腾格里沙漠风沙环境特征进行初步分析,内容包括起沙风、风沙活动强度、风沙流结构和沙漠边界层的风速廓线.该地区的起沙风以6～8 m/s为主,占总起沙风的71.63%,其次为8～10 m/s,占19.24%,两者之和占90.87%;大风日数为4天;风向以W-N组风向为主;占全年的53.14%.年输沙势为36.56VU,风能属于低风能环境,单一主风向和单风态风环境.风沙流主要集中在地表的0.1 m,占总输沙量的95.46%.观测场近地层厚度大于50 m. 相似文献
9.
风沙活动强度是研究风沙地貌形成、演变及进行风沙灾害防治的重要理论依据.通过2006-2013年风速数据的统计和计算,对老哈河下游地区春季风沙活动强度特征进行了系统研究.结果表明:有效起沙风速随着风速等级的增加,其出现频率相应减少,主要集中在5.1 ～9.0m·s-1之间;输沙势、输沙量的方位分布与起沙风相似,以WNW、NW方向为主;春季的输沙势(DP)为70.50 VU,合成输沙势(RDP)为37.89VU,合成输沙方向(RDD)为108.3°;春季的最大可能输沙量为1848.49kg·m-1,合成输沙量为1005.42kg·m-1,合成输沙方向为103°,与该地区沙丘走向基本吻合;对输沙量贡献最大的风速以6.0～10.0m·s-1为主. 相似文献
10.
以北京师范大学陕西省靖边县榆林风沙科学野外实验站自动气象站2007-2009年的降雨、风速和风向数据为基础,分析沙漠-黄土过渡带风水复合侵蚀营力的特征。结果表明：① 研究区年内降雨量≥12 mm的降雨事件主要分布在5-9月,月平均降雨侵蚀力8月最大,为318.24 MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a),年平均降雨侵蚀力为510.08 MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a);② 该区西北风占主导地位,东南风次之,累计频率分别为43.8%和16.21%;起沙风主要集中在3-6月,其频率分别为19.34%、12.34%、20.5%、12.39%;③ 研究区年平均输沙势（DP）、合成输沙势（RDP）分别为228.76 VU、41.73 VU,合成输沙方向（RDD）为141.17°,方向变率指数（RDP/DP）为0.2,起沙风变率较大,属于中等风能环境,沙物质向东南偏南方向输移。 相似文献
11.
敦煌莫高窟保护中的主要环境问题分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
莫高窟保护面临的主要环境问题有洞窟围岩裂隙，洞窟壁画酥碱，壁画退色，风沙对壁画、塑像的磨蚀以及积沙对洞窟的掩埋等。这些问题的产生都是窟区自然环境和人为活动作用的结果。因此，要治理这些不利于石窟保护的环境问题，就必须整治窟区环境。 相似文献
12.
13.
不同砾石盖度戈壁床面动力学特征研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用野外车载移动式风洞,对莫高窟顶不同砾石盖度戈壁床面的动力学特征进行了实地模拟实验。结果表明：砾石盖度直接决定戈壁床面的粗糙元数量和分布状况,进而影响近地表风速廓线、摩阻速度、床面粗糙度和剪切力;随着风洞进口指示风速的增加,摩阻速度呈线性递增,而动力学粗糙度在波动中呈下降趋势;相同高度,随着砾石盖度的增加,近地表风速逐渐降低,而摩阻速度、动力学粗糙度和剪切力呈线性增加;当床面盖度增加至35%时,动力学粗糙度达到0.30 cm,摩阻速度相应提高到0.93 cm/s,床面剪切力增加至1.11 N/cm。 相似文献
14.
巴丹吉林沙漠拐子湖地区贴地层风速廓线和风沙流结构特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
野外监测试验表明：自由风和风沙流廓线拟合虽都以Z=A·exp(-X/T)+Z1形式分布,但在风沙流中拟合系数更高;风沙流结构中,在20 cm以下随着高度的增加,各高度的输沙率百分比、含沙浓度、运动颗粒能量都呈增大趋势;20 cm以上随高度增加,各高度输沙率百分比变小,输沙率占总输沙率的51%左右,含沙量主要集中在离地面20 cm以内;风沙流在垂直方向上,高度与含沙平均粒径呈负相关,风速与含沙平均粒径变化呈正相关。这些结论对拐子湖地区防风治沙有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
15.
Wind controls the formation and development of sand dunes. Therefore, understanding the wind regimes is necessary in sand dune research. In this study, we combined the wind data from 2017 to 2019 at four meteorological stations (Cherigele and Wuertabulage stations in the lake basins, and Yikeri and Sumujilin stations on the top of sand dunes) in the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert in China, with high resolution Google Earth images to analyze the correlation between the wind energy environments and dune morphology. The results of data analysis indicated that both the wind direction and sand drift intensity exhibited notable spatial and temporal variations. The highest level of wind activity was observed in spring. Northwesterly and northeasterly winds were the dominant in the Badain Jaran Desert. At the Cherigele, Wuertabulage, and Yikeri stations, the drift potential (DP) was below 200.00 vector units (VU). The wind energy environments in most areas could be classified as low-energy environments. The resultant drift direction differed at different stations and in different seasons, but the overall direction was mainly the southeast. The resultant drift potential (RDP)/DP ratio was greater than 0.30 in most parts of the study area, suggesting that the wind regimes mainly exhibited unimodal or bimodal characteristics. Differences between the thermodynamic properties and the unique landscape settings of lakes and sand dunes could alter the local circulation and intensify the complexity of the wind regimes. The wind regimes were weaker in the lake basins than on the top of sand dunes. Transverse dunes were the most dominant types of sand dunes in the study area, and the wind regimes at most stations were consistent with sand dune types. Wind was thus the main dynamic factor affecting the formation of sand dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert BJD. The results of this study are important for understanding the relationship between the wind regimes and aeolian landforms of the dune field in the deserts. 相似文献
16.
Xuemin GAO 《干旱区科学》2019,11(5):701-712
Yardangs are typical aeolian erosion landforms, which are attracting more and more attention of geomorphologists and geologists for their various morphology and enigmatic formation mechanisms. In order to clarify the aeolian environments that influence the development of long-ridge yardangs in the northwestern Qaidam Basin of China, the present research investigated the winds by installing wind observation tower in the field. We found that the sand-driving winds mainly blow from the north-northwest, northwest and north, and occur the most frequent in summer, because the high temperature increases atmospheric instability and leads to downward momentum transfer and active local convection during these months. The annual drift potential and the ratio of resultant drift potential indicate that the study area pertains to a high-energy wind environment and a narrow unimodal wind regime. The wind energy decreases from northwest to southeast in the Qaidam Basin, with the northerly winds in the northwestern basin changing to more westerly in the southeastern basin. The strong and unidirectional wind regime for the long-ridge yardangs in the northwestern Qaidam Basin results from the combined effects of topographic obstacles such as the Altun Mountains and of the interaction between the air stream and the yardang bodies. Present study suggests that yardang evolution needs such strong and unidirectional winds in high- or intermediate-energy wind environments. This differs from sandy deserts or sandy lands, which usually develop at low- or intermediate-energy wind environments. Present study clarifies the wind regime corresponding to the long-ridge yardangs' development, and lays firm foundation to put forward the formation mechanisms for yardangs in the Qaidam Basin. 相似文献
17.
YANG Junhuai 《干旱区科学》2020,12(6):917-936
Aeolian processes have been studied extensively at low elevations, but have been relatively little studied at high elevations. Aeolian sediments are widely distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, southern Tibetan Plateau, which is characterized by low pressure and low temperature. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the wind regime using data since 1980 from 11 meteorological stations in the study area, and examined the interaction between the near-surface wind and aeolian environment. The wind environment exhibited significant spatial and temporal variation, and mean wind speed has generally decreased on both annual and seasonal bases since 1980, at an average of 0.181 m/(s·10a). This decrease resulted from the reduced contribution of maximum wind speed, and depended strongly on variations of the frequency of sand-driving winds. The drift potential and related parameters also showed obvious spatial and temporal variation, with similar driving forces for the wind environment. The strength of the wind regime affected the formation and development of the aeolian geomorphological pattern, but with variation caused by local topography and sediment sources. The drift potential and resultant drift direction were two key parameters, as they quantify the dynamic conditions and depositional orientation of the aeolian sediments. Wind affected the spatial variation in sediment grain size, but the source material and complex topographic effects on the near-surface wind were the underlying causes for the grain size distribution of aeolian sands. These results will support efforts to control aeolian desertification in the basin and improve our understanding of aeolian processes in high-elevation environments. 相似文献
18.
ZOU Xueyong 《干旱区科学》2020,12(3):423-435
The shear stress generated by the wind on the land surface is the driving force that results in the wind erosion of the soil. It is an independent factor influencing soil wind erosion. The factors related to wind erosivity, known as submodels, mainly include the weather factor(WF) in revised wind erosion equation(RWEQ), the erosion submodel(ES) in wind erosion prediction system(WEPS), as well as the drift potential(DP) in wind energy environmental assessment. However, the essential factors of WF and ES contain wind, soil characteristics and surface coverings, which therefore results in the interdependence between WF or ES and other factors(e.g., soil erodible factor) in soil erosion models. Considering that DP is a relative indicator of the wind energy environment and does not have the value of expressing wind to induce shear stress on the surface. Therefore, a new factor is needed to express accurately wind erosivity. Based on the theoretical basis that the soil loss by wind erosion(Q) is proportional to the shear stress of the wind on the soil surface, a new model of wind driving force(WDF) was established, which expresses the potential capacity of wind to drive soil mass in per unit area and a period of time. Through the calculations in the typical area, the WDF, WF and DP are compared and analyzed from the theoretical basis, construction goal, problem-solving ability and typical area application; the spatial distribution of soil wind erosion intensity was concurrently compared with the spatial distributions of the WDF, WF and DP values in the typical area. The results indicate that the WDF is better to reflect the potential capacity of wind erosivity than WF and DP, and that the WDF model is a good model with universal applicability and can be logically incorporated into the soil wind erosion models. 相似文献