自由空气CO2浓度升高和储藏对水稻籽粒中不同形态多胺组分和含量的影响     

周一峰  李军营  蔡庆生  刘友良  於丙军  朱建国  章文华 《中国水稻科学》2006,20(6):615-620

以籼稻品种IR24和粳稻品种Asominori 为材料,比较分析了自由空气CO2浓度升高（free air CO2 enrichment, FACE）和储藏1年,对籽粒内游离态、结合态和束缚态3种类型多胺及其组分、含量的影响。在正常空气条件下,籼、粳稻籽粒中的多胺总量不存在显著差异;FACE处理降低了Asominori 籽粒多胺总量,但对IR24 影响不明显,因此FACE条件下IR24籽粒的多胺总量高于Asominori。储藏1年后,籽粒多胺总量呈下降趋势,其中正常空气条件下生长的IR24籽粒多胺总量显著下降。两水稻品种籽粒中的束缚态多胺总量明显高于游离态和结合态多胺,占总量的50%以上,而在束缚态多胺组分中,亚精胺（Spd）所占比例最大。 FACE处理降低了籽粒中的束缚态Spd含量,增加了结合态Spd含量,而这些FACE效应经籽粒储藏后消失。  相似文献   

CO2浓度升高条件下水稻蒸腾与N吸收的关系   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

庞静  朱建国  谢祖彬  刘刚  陈改苹 《中国水稻科学》2006,20(2):205-209

利用FACE（Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment）平台技术,用水培试验研究了低氮（14 mg/L）和高氮（28 mg/L）水平下,大气CO2浓度升高条件下水稻蒸腾与N吸收速率的相关关系。结果表明,在CO2浓度升高条件下,水稻生物量增加了36%（低N）和29%（高N）;总吸N量也增加达7%（低N） 和5%（高N）;而总蒸腾量减少28%（低N）和10%（高N）。由于促进更多分蘖的发生,高CO2浓度使分蘖期水稻平均N吸收速率提高了31%～156%（低N）和19%～87%（高N）,在其他时期无明显影响;而高CO2浓度对水稻平均蒸腾速率的影响主要表现在抽穗到灌浆末期。在对照条件下,平均蒸腾速率和平均N吸收速率呈显著正相关;但在CO2浓度升高条件下,两者相关关系不显著。说明人们所推测的“蒸腾效应”——高CO2浓度条件下降低了的蒸腾作用并非影响水稻N吸收的关键因素。  相似文献   

自由空气CO2浓度升高对水稻营养元素吸收和籽粒中营养元素含量的影响   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6  

庞静  朱建国  谢祖彬  陈改苹  刘刚  张雅丽 《中国水稻科学》2005,19(4):350-354

 利用FACE（Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment）平台技术，用水培试验研究了低氮（14 mg/L）和常氮（28 mg/L）水平下，大气CO2浓度升高对水稻（Oryza sativa L.）N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn的吸收和在植株不同部位的分配，并着重分析了CO2浓度升高对稻米中营养元素含量的影响。结果表明，按照当前CO2浓度条件下营养元素的正常供应水平，而且各元素都以有效态供给时，CO2浓度升高对多数被测元素吸收总量影响不大，只增加了K、Ca、Fe的吸收总量； N、P、Mg、Mn向穗部分配增加，K、Ca、Cu、Zn、Fe向穗部的分配比例不变；水稻籽粒中P、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe和Mn含量无显著影响，N、K含量显著下降。还初步探讨了CO2浓度升高对稻米中人类必需营养元素的不足（或“隐性饥饿”）的影响。  相似文献   

开放式空气CO₂浓度增高和施氮量对水稻结实期叶片内肽酶活力的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

胡健  杨连新  周娟  王余龙  朱建国 《中国水稻科学》2008,22(2):155-160

 利用农田开放式空气CO2浓度增高 (free air CO2 enrichment,FACE) 系统,CO2浓度设正常CO2 (ambient, AMB) 和高CO2 (FACE,AMB + 200 μmol/mol) 2个水平,施N量设低氮 (LN,15 g/m2,以纯氮计)、中氮 (NN,25 g/m2)和高氮 (HN,35 g / m2) 3个水平,对水稻品种武香粳14结实期剑叶和倒2叶的内肽酶活力变化情况进行了研究。结果表明: 1) 同AMB相比,FACE处理使剑叶抽穗后10 d、20 d以及倒2叶抽穗到抽穗后20 d内肽酶活力明显提高,但使剑叶成熟期内肽酶活力明显下降;使剑叶抽穗后10 d、20 d和成熟期以及倒2叶抽穗到成熟期内肽酶比活力明显提高;FACE对抽穗后10 d、20 d叶片内肽酶活力和比活力影响较大,而对抽穗期和成熟期的影响较小。同LN相比,HN使灌浆前期叶片内肽酶活力明显降低,灌浆中后期则呈增加趋势;HN降低了叶片各期内肽酶比活力,灌浆前期降幅大于后期。 2) 同AMB相比,FACE使叶片抽穗后10 d至成熟期可溶性蛋白含量明显降低;同LN相比,HN明显减缓FACE处理对抽穗后10 d至成熟期功能叶片可溶性蛋白含量的影响。 3）除成熟期叶片可溶性蛋白含量与内肽酶活力呈正相关外,结实期剑叶及倒2叶可溶性蛋白含量与对应时期内肽酶活力呈显著负相关。上述结果说明,FACE处理下水稻剑叶及倒2叶结实中后期可溶性蛋白含量明显下降与结实期叶片内肽酶活力的变化关系密切。  相似文献   

钙对NaCl胁迫下玉米幼苗根系活力和有机渗透调节物质含量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王玉凤  王庆祥  商丽威 《玉米科学》2008,16(2):066-070

利用水培法研究了钙对盐胁迫下玉米幼苗的根系活力和有机渗透调节物质含量的影响。结果表明,缺钙处理会显著降低玉米幼苗的根系活力,增加Ca²⁺含量根系活力显著增加,而在较适宜的Ca²⁺浓度下根系活力有所下降。缺钙处理叶片中的可溶性糖、脯氨酸和游离氨基酸含量显著增加。随着Ca2+浓度增加,叶片中可溶性糖、脯氨酸和游离氨基酸含量逐渐减少;根系中可溶性糖、脯氨酸和游离氨基酸含量逐渐增加,根系中脯氨酸在Ca²⁺含量为6 mmol/L时略有降低。增加Ca²⁺浓度叶片中可溶性蛋白含量呈现出先升高后降低趋势,根系中变化无明显规律。表明适合浓度的Ca²⁺能提高玉米耐盐性,原因是钙参与了盐胁迫下渗透调节物质在植物中的运输和分配。  相似文献   

高浓度CO2条件下水稻叶片氮含量下降与氮代谢关键酶活性的关系   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

王亮  朱建国  朱春梧  曹际玲  王明娜  曾青  谢祖彬  刘钢 《中国水稻科学》2008,22(5):499-506

利用FACE（Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment）平台技术,研究了低氮（125 kg/hm2,以纯N计）和常氮（250 kg/hm2）水平下,高浓度CO2（周围大气CO2浓度+200 μmol/mol）对水稻不同生育期功能叶N代谢关键酶活性的影响。结果表明,高浓度CO2提高了叶片硝酸还原酶和蛋白水解酶的活性,两者在常N下的响应程度大于在低N下的响应程度;高浓度CO2降低了低N下叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶（NADH GDH）活性,常N水平下酶活性的下降趋势得到改变或缓解。由此可见,高浓度CO2条件下NO3-转化为NH4+加速,而NH4+进一步同化为有机N却受阻,而且,由于后期蛋白水解加速,将进一步加剧叶片N含量的下降。这是水稻叶片N含量下降的内在因素。而增施N肥,有利于同化酶的表达,降低叶片蛋白水解酶活力,从而缓解叶片N含量的下降。  相似文献   

槟榔间作香露兜对土壤养分和养分吸收的影响     

唐瑾暄  秦晓威  鱼欢  吉训志  邓文明  张昂  宗迎 《热带作物学报》2021,42(9):2571-2578

为了研究槟榔间作香露兜对土壤养分和养分吸收的影响,采用盆栽试验的方法,对槟榔单作、槟榔间作香露兜和香露兜单作3种种植模式的土壤理化性质和养分吸收进行比较研究。结果表明：槟榔间作香露兜后,相对于单作槟榔,土壤EC值和碱解氮含量显著降低47.15%和25.74%,土壤速效磷含量显著增加32.32%,其中碱解氮与过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶极显著负相关,速效磷与总根长、根系总表面积、根体积、根数目、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶显著正相关,速效磷与过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶极显著正相关;槟榔地上部N浓度以及香露兜地上部P和K浓度分别显著增加41.56%、26.56%和25.69%;而槟榔和香露兜根系以及地上部N、P和K养分含量均高于单作,其中根系槟榔P和K含量和香露兜K含量显著增加;同时,间作后槟榔和香露兜对N的吸收效率均高于单作,香露兜的P和K的吸收效率高于单作并略高于槟榔的吸收效率,其中P和K的吸收效率与总根长、总表面积、根体积、根数目均显著正相关,氮的吸收效率与根系形态无显著相关关系。综上所述,槟榔间作香露兜增加了土壤中速效磷含量,促进了槟榔和香露兜对氮、磷和钾养分的吸收,土壤速效磷含量的增加、养分吸收效率的提高均与根系形态显著正相关。  相似文献   

空气中CO2浓度升高条件下水稻抽穗期的QTL定位   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

范桂枝  李军营  王春明  谢辉  徐长亮  朱建国  万建民  蔡庆生 《中国水稻科学》2006,20(3):259-264

以65个水稻染色体片段置换系(chromosome segment substitution lines,CSSLs)为材料,对比分析了正常大气CO2浓度（对照）和开放式空气CO2浓度升高（free air CO2 enrichment,FACE,大气CO2浓度增加200 μmol/mol）下水稻抽穗期的变化,并定位了相关QTL(quantitative trait loci)。供试株系的抽穗期对CO2浓度升高表现为提早、延迟和不变等3种响应,抽穗期两极变化最大的株系为AI46（提前11 d）和AI63（延迟6 d）。两种条件下,共检测到9个控制抽穗期的QTL,分布在第3、4、6、7、8、10和11染色体上。其中位于第6和第8染色体上的 qHD6 4和 qHD8 4在两种CO2浓度下都检测到,但在FACE下的贡献率均显著增大;而 qHD3A 3和 qHD11A 7只在正常条件下检测到, qHD4F 4、 qHD10F 4和 qHD11F 4则只在FACE下检测到。 暗示控制水稻抽穗期的基因表达易受环境CO2浓度的影响。  相似文献   

垄作栽培对冬小麦根系活力和旗叶衰老的影响   总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11  

王旭清王法宏  于振文李增嘉 《麦类作物学报》2005,25(1):55-60

为了明确垄作栽培条件下冬小麦根系活力与旗叶衰老的变化规律,采用垄作种植方式与传统平作栽培相比较的方法,研究了2种不同种植方式对2个小麦品种烟农19和济麦19根系活力及旗叶衰老的影响。结果表明,垄作栽培中由于小麦种植在垄顶上,0-60 cm土层根系干重较平作栽培增加12％以上,深层土壤(20-60 cm)根系活力得到极显著提高。在垄作栽培条件下,小麦生育后期旗叶叶绿素含量和光合速率较传统平作均有显著提高。开花15 d后,垄作栽培条件下的SOD、CAT、POD活性及可溶性蛋白质含量等较传统平作栽培均有显著提高,MDA含量显著降低。垄作栽培与传统平作栽培在同等节水条件下有利于提高小麦深层根系活力,延缓旗叶衰老。  相似文献   

渍水胁迫对苗期油菜根系形态与生理活性的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王琼  张春雷&  #  李光明  李俊  李玲  程博 《中国油料作物学报》2012,34(2):157-162

盆栽条件下研究连续渍水胁迫对2个油菜品种中双9号和中油杂12号苗期根系形态及生理活性的影响。结果表明,渍水处理初期(前5d)两个油菜品种根系超氧自由基阴离子（O2.-）产生速率均较对照显著提高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性较对照显著升高,活性氧累积引起的细胞膜脂过氧化程度（MDA含量）变化不显著,根系生物量及形态参数未发生显著变化。但随着渍水时间延长至5d后,根系O2.-产生速率继续加快而SOD和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著降低,细胞膜脂过氧化程度（MDA含量）显著提高;根系组织坏死严重,根生物量显著降低;根系形态发生显著变化,根表面积、根体积、主根长和总根长显著降低,平均根直径显著增加,须根数量明显减少。  相似文献   

Effects of Free-air CO2 Enrichment on Root Characteristics and C：N Ratio of Rice at the Heading Stage     

CHEN Gai-ping CHENG Lei ZHU Jian-guo PANG Jing XIE Zu-bin ZENG Qing 《水稻科学》2006,13(2):120-124

The CO2 concentration in Earth’s atmosphere is increasing rapidly due to human activities, like fossil fuel combustion and rapid deforestation and is predicted to reach a concentration of 550 μmol/mol within this century [1]. The increase in atmospheric CO2 has a large potential to alter many ecosystem processes, particularly C and N cycling [2-4]. Plant C:N ratio not only serves as an important factor in maintaining the quality of plant tissue, but also a key index to keep balance betwee…  相似文献   

不同世代水稻与稗草竞争对开放式空气CO_2浓度升高(FACE)的适应     

陈曦  朱建国  王亮  蒋德璐  颜健  许晓明  曾青 《中国水稻科学》2010,24(1):99-102

通过田间试验,研究了开放式空气CO2浓度升高(FACE,Free-air CO2 enrichment)条件下不同生育期子代与0代水稻(Oryzasativa)和稗草(Echinochloacrus-galli)的生长和竞争关系。结果表明,FACE条件下水稻/稗草比例为12∶1时,在分蘖期和抽穗期,子代水稻和稗草的生长和光合能力比0代都有所降低,其中水稻的子代干物质量与0代相比分别降低了18.8%和61.9%,子代净光合速率则分别降低了22.4%和27.8%;而稗草子代干物质量与为0代相比在分蘖期和抽穗期则分别下降了34.5%和31.0%,子代净光合速率也分别下降了28.4%和16.3%。FACE条件下,两代水稻与稗草的竞争能力(子代的稻稗比)都随着生长期的不同而发生了变化:稻稗干物质量比在分蘖期子代比0代增加了26.6%,而抽穗期则减少了44.1%;净光合速率稻稗比在分蘖期子代比0代增加了8.3%,抽穗期减少了13.8%,即FACE条件下子代水稻的竞争能力相比0代水稻在分蘖期有一定程度的增强,而在抽穗期却减弱。说明生长后期子代水稻/稗草的竞争已对FACE表现出一定的适应性。  相似文献   

Seasonal changes in the effects of free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) on nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization of rice at three levels of N fertilization     

Lianxin Yang  Jianye Huang  Hongjie Yang  Guichun Dong  Hongjiang Liu  Gang Liu  Jianguo Zhu  Yulong Wang   《Field Crops Research》2007,100(2-3):189-199

Over time, the relative effect of elevated [CO₂] on the photosynthesis and dry matter (DM) production of rice crops is likely to be changed with increasing duration of CO₂ exposure, but the resultant [CO₂] effects on rice N concentration, uptake, efficiency and allocation remain unclear, especially under different soil N availability. Therefore, we conducted a free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) experiment at Wuxi, Jiangsu, China, in 2001–2003. A japonica cultivar with large panicle was grown at ambient or elevated (ca. 200 μmol mol⁻¹ above ambient) [CO₂] under three levels of N: low (LN, 15 g N m²), medium (MN, 25 g N m²) and high N (HN, 35 g N m² (2002, 2003)). The MN level was similar to that recommended to local farmers. Averaged across all N levels and years, shoot N concentration (dry base) was lower under FACE by 1.8%, 6.1%, 12.2%, 14.3%, 12.1%, and 6.9% at early-tillering, mid-tillering, panicle initiation (PI), booting, heading and grain maturity, respectively. Shoot N uptake under FACE was enhanced by 46%, 38%, 6% and 16% on average during the growth periods from transplanting to early-tillering (period 1), early-tillering to mid-tillering (period 2), mid-tillering to PI (period 3) and heading to grain maturity (period 5), respectively, but slightly decreased by 2% in the period from PI to heading (period 4). Seasonal changes in crop response to FACE in ratio of shoot N uptake during a given growth period to that over the whole season followed a similar pattern to that of shoot N uptake, with average responses of 33%, 26%, −3%, −11% and 10% in periods 1–5 of the growth period, respectively. As a result, FACE increased final aboveground N uptake by 9% at maturity. FACE greatly reduced the ratio of leaf to shoot N content over the season, while allocation of N to stems and spikes showed an opposite trend. FACE treatment resulted in the significant increase in N use efficiency for biomass (NUEp) over the season except at early-tillering and in N use efficiency for grain yield (NUEg) at grain maturity. These results indicate that, in order to maximize grain output in a future high [CO₂] environment, the recommended rates, proportion and timing across the season of N application should be altered, in order to take full advantage of strong N uptake capacity during the early growth period and facilitate N uptake after that.  相似文献   

剪根处理对不同秧龄杂交稻幼苗生长及生理特性的影响     

李应洪  王海月  严奉君  李娜  孙永健  代邹  谢华英  马均 《中国水稻科学》2016,30(6):626-636

以超级杂交稻F优498为材料,采用旱育秧方式育苗,设置不同秧龄(25d和40d)和幼苗伤根处理(整株根系剪去1/3、2/3、全部,以不剪根为对照),进行水培试验,研究根系损伤后(0~48h和1~29d)的生理响应、物质积累、根系形态及氮素吸收特性。结果表明,剪根后不同秧龄秧苗受影响的程度及反应速度不同,秧苗地上部脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量均出现了明显峰值,伤根程度越大,峰值越高,到达峰值的时间越早;25d秧龄的幼苗在剪根后的生理抗性及恢复能力均明显强于40d秧龄的幼苗。从剪根程度来看,不同秧龄下,剪根1/3处理对幼苗生长有一定促进作用,25d秧龄,剪根1/3处理在处理后22d,根系长度、根系表面积、地上部、根系干质量以及根冠比均大于对照,同时该处理氮素积累显著高于对照;40d秧龄,整个生育期根系表面积均随剪根程度的增大而减小,剪根1/3处理在处理后22d,根冠比显著大于对照,处理后29d,地上部、根系干质量、根系长度、氮素积累量以及含氮率均大于对照,而伤根程度较大不仅会导致水稻幼苗根系生长受阻,同时会严重抑制根系对养分的吸收,从而影响水稻幼苗的生长发育。  相似文献   

The impact of free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) and nitrogen supply on grain quality of rice     

Lianxin Yang  Yulong Wang  Guichun Dong  Hui Gu  Jianye Huang  Jianguo Zhu  Hongjian Yang  Gang Liu  Yong Han 《Field Crops Research》2007

Because CO₂ is needed for plant photosynthesis, the increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentration ([CO₂]) has the potential to enhance the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.), but little is known regarding the impact of elevated [CO₂] on grain quality of rice, especially under different N availability. In order to investigate the interactive effects of [CO₂] and N supply on rice quality, we conducted a free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) experiment at Wuxi, Jiangsu, China, in 2001–2003. A long-duration rice japonica with large panicle (cv. Wuxiangging 14) was grown at ambient or elevated (ca. 200 μmol mol⁻¹ above ambient) [CO₂] under three levels of N: low (LN, 15 g N m²), medium (MN, 25 g N m²) and high N (HN, 35 g N m² (2002, 2003)). The MN level was similar to that recommended to local farmers. FACE significant increased rough (+12.8%), brown (+13.2%) and milled rice yield (+10.7%), while markedly reducing head rice yield (−13.3%); FACE caused serious deterioration of processing suitability (milled rice percentage −2.0%; head rice percentage −23.5%) and appearance quality (chalky grain percentage +16.9%; chalkiness degree +28.3%) drastically; the nutritive value of grains was also negatively influenced by FACE due to a reduction in protein (−6.0%) and Cu content (−20.0%) in milled rice. By contrast, FACE resulted in better eating/cooking quality (amylose content −3.8%; peak viscosity +4.5%, breakdown +2.9%, setback −27.5%). These changes in grain quality revealed that hardness of grain decreased with elevated [CO₂] while cohesiveness and resilience increased when cooked. Overall, N supply had significant influence on rice yield with maximum value occurring at MN, whereas grain quality was less responsive to the N supply, showing trends of better appearance and eating/cooking quality for LN or MN-crops as compared with HN-crops. For most cases, no [CO₂] × N interaction was detected for yield and quality parameters. These data suggested that the current recommended rates of N fertilization for rice production should not be modified under projected future [CO₂] levels, at least for the similar conditions of this experiment.  相似文献   

毛竹向撂荒地扩展过程中细根性状变化特征     

刘广路  刘希珍  李雁冰  罗天磊  蔡春菊  范少辉 《热带作物学报》2017,(7):1204-1209

为探索毛竹林向撂荒地扩展过程中细根性状的可塑性反应规律,以毛竹-撂荒地扩展界面为对象,比较不同扩展阶段毛竹细根质量、比根长、根长密度、细根C、N、P含量、C/N和N/P的变化。结果表明,随着毛竹扩展,细根质量和根长密度增加、比根长降低;细根C含量、C/N和N/P升高,细根N含量和P含量降低。与扩展前期相比,扩展后期细根质量、根长密度、细根C含量、C/N和N/P分别增加了197.01%、92.80%、5.41%、26.26%和108.25%;细根比根长、N含量和P含量分别下降了32.71%、16.29%和57.69%。细根N含量、P含量、C/N与细根质量和比根长的相关性达到显著水平,毛竹细根养分含量与细根形态性状协同发生变化。0~1 mm细根具有比1~2 mm细根更低的根质量,但具有更大的根长密度和比根长,0~1 mm细根质量、根长密度和比根长的平均值分别为835.26 g/m~3、7 208.36 m/m~3和9.38 m/g;1~2 mm细根质量、根长密度和比根长平均值分别为1 202.10 g/m~3、2 530.03 m/m~3和2.47 m/g。随着毛竹扩展,毛竹细根性状随着环境的变化而发生了相应的变化,具有明显的可塑性。同时,0~1 mm细根比1~2 mm细根具有更强的资源利用能力,在毛竹生长中具有重要的地位。  相似文献   

Differences in Response of Grain Yield,Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization to Elevated CO₂ Concentration in Different Rice Varieties     

ZHOU Juan  SHU Xiaowei  LAI Shangkun  XU Gaoping  HUANG Jianye  YAO Youli  Yang Lianxin  DONG Guichun  WANG Yulong 《中国水稻科学》1986,34(6):561-573

【Objective】Our aim is to investigate the differences in response of grain yield, nitrogen absorption and utilization to FACE (atmospheric CO2 concentration increase) of different rice varieties. 【Method】Six rice varieties, including conventional japonica rice, hybrid indica rice, and conventional indica rice, were used to study the effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) (atmospheric CO2 concentration increase) on the nitrogen absorption, utilization, and yield of different types of rice.【Result】 1) FACE treatment dramatically increased rice yield by 24.17% on average and the maximum increment was observed in conventional indica rice. Compared with other types of rice varieties, hybrid indica showed the highest grain yield under both FACE and control (CK) treatments. 2) Panicle number was significantly improved in FACE treatment with conventional japonica rice varieties having the maximum increment. Spikelet number per panicle was significantly improved in hybrid and conventional indica rice varieties in FACE treatment. 3) The nitrogen absorption (NA) and nitrogen use efficiency for grain yield (NUEg) were significantly higher in FACE treatment than those in CK treatment. The average increase of NA was 21.23% with the maximum increment in hybrid indica rice varieties. Compared with other rice varieties, conventional indica rice varieties had the highest NA both in FACE and CK treatments. The average increase of NUEg was 7.33% with hybrid indica rice varieties enjoying the maximum increment. The hybrid indica rice varieties had the highest NUEg in FACE treatment and in CK treatment, respectively. 4) Nitrogen content was decreased in FACE treatment with the average decrease of 0.105%, among which the maximum decrease was observed in conventional japonica rice. Dry matter weight was extremely and significantly increased in FACE treatment. The average increase of dry weight was 23.95% with the maximum increment in conventional indica rice varieties. NA of single panicle was significantly improved in FACE treatment with the average increase of 10.79% in conventional indica rice varieties and 13.93% in hybrid indica rice varieties, but NA of single panicle was decrease by 9.60% in conventional japonica rice. FACE treatment significantly increased rice NA intensity with an average increase of 22.29% and the maximum increment was observed in hybrid indica rice varieties. The growth duration was not influenced by FACE treatment in all rice varieties. NAs of stem, leaf and panicle were significantly higher in FACE treatment than in CK treatment with the highest increase of 51.86% in leaf. The largest increase of NA was observed in hybrid indica rice. NA in different rice growth stages was significantly improved with the maximum increment of 108.90% during heading-maturity. The maximum increment of NA from heading to maturity was observed in hybrid indica rice varieties.5) Effects of dry matter weight, NA per panicle, NA intensity, NA of panicle and NA from heading to maturity on NA at maturity were greater than those of nitrogen content, panicle number, growth duration, NAA of leaf, stem and sheath, NAA during transplanting-tillering and tillering-heading. 6) Partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (PFPN) was significantly improved in FACE treatment with an average increase of 24.16% and the maximum increment in conventional indica rice. NAA per 100 kg grains was significantly reduced in FACE treatment with an average decrease of 4.7%. The maximum decrease of NAA per 100 kg grains was observed in conventional indica rice varieties.【Conclusion】The results indicated that FACE could markedly increased both grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in all rice varieties, but the increases varied with the variety types.  相似文献   

不同类型水稻品种产量和氮素吸收利用对大气CO2浓度升高响应的差异     

周娟  舒小伟  赖上坤  许高平  黄建晔  姚友礼  杨连新  董桂春  王余龙 《中国水稻科学》2020,34(6):561-573

目的 探明不同类型水稻品种产量和氮素吸收利用对FACE(大气CO₂浓度增高)响应的差异。方法 以常规粳稻、杂交籼稻、常规籼稻共6个品种为供试材料,研究FACE对不同类型水稻产量、氮素吸收利用的影响。结果 1）FACE处理极显著提高了水稻产量,平均增加24.17%, 常规籼稻增幅最大,FACE和对照均以杂交籼稻最高;2）FACE处理显著增加了单位面积穗数,常规粳稻增幅最大,并显著增加了杂交籼稻和常规籼稻每穗粒数;3）FACE处理显著提高了成熟期吸氮量和氮素籽粒生产效率,成熟期吸氮量平均增加21.23%,杂交籼稻增幅最大, FACE和对照均以常规籼稻最高;氮素籽粒生产效率平均增加7.33%,杂交籼稻增幅最大,FACE和对照均以杂交籼稻最高。成熟期吸氮量对产量促进作用略大于成熟期氮素籽粒生产效率;4）FACE处理降低了植株含氮率,成熟期平均下降0.105个百分点,常规粳稻降幅最大。FACE处理极显著提高植株干物质量,成熟期平均增加23.95%,常规籼稻增幅最大;FACE处理显著提高常规籼稻和杂交籼稻成熟期单穗吸氮量,分别增加10.79%、13.93%,但常规粳稻下降了9.60%;FACE处理显著提高了成熟期群体吸氮强度,平均增加22.29%,杂交籼稻增幅最大。FACE处理对水稻全生育期天数无显著影响;FACE处理显著提高茎鞘、叶片、穗各器官吸氮量,叶片增幅最大,平均增加51.86%,杂交籼稻增幅最大;FACE处理显著提高了不同生育阶段吸氮量,抽穗-成熟阶段增幅最大,平均增加108.90%,杂交籼稻增幅最大;5）植株干物质量、单穗吸氮量、吸氮强度、穗吸氮量、抽穗-成熟阶段吸氮量对成熟期总吸氮量的促进作用分别大于植株含氮率、单位面积穗数、生育天数、茎鞘叶吸氮量、移栽-分蘖和分蘖-抽穗阶段吸氮量;6）FACE处理显著提高了氮肥偏生产力,降低了每百千克籽粒需氮量,前者平均增加24.16%,常规籼稻增加最多;后者平均降低4.7%,常规籼稻降幅最大。结论 FACE处理可显著提高水稻产量和氮素吸收利用效率,但品种间差异较大。  相似文献