共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
J. M. G. Thomas P. V. V. Prasad K. J. Boote & L. H. Allen Jr 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2009,195(2):148-156
Understanding the influence of growth temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) on seed quality in terms of seed composition, subsequent seedling emergence and early seedling vigour is important under present and future climates. The objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of elevated temperature and CO2 during seed-filling of parent plants on seed composition, subsequent seedling emergence and seedling vigour of red kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ). Plants of cultivar 'Montcalm', were grown at daytime maximum/nighttime minimum sinusoidal temperature regimes of 28/18 and 34/24 °C at ambient CO2 (350 μmol mol−1 ) and at elevated CO2 (700 μmol mol−1 ) from emergence to maturity. Seed size and seed composition at maturity and subsequent per cent emergence, early seedling vigour (rate of development) and seedling dry matter production were measured. Elevated CO2 did not influence seed composition, emergence, or seedling vigour of seeds produced either at 28/18 or 34/24 °C. Seed produced at 34/24 °C had smaller seed size, decreased glucose concentration, but significantly increased concentrations of sucrose and raffinose compared to 28/18 °C. Elevated growth temperatures during seed production decreased the subsequent per cent emergence and seedling vigour of the seeds and seedling dry matter production of seed produced either at ambient or elevated CO2 . 相似文献
2.
N. W. Simmonds 《Euphytica》1965,14(2):143-152
The three main groups of cultivated potatoes were studied (diploids (2n=24), Andigena (2n=48) and Tuberosum (2n=48)). Seed weights were measured as mg per 100 seeds. In the tetraploids, but not in the diploids, there is a regression of seed weight on seed number per berry with b=–7 mg per 100 per 100 seed, implying nutritional competition between seeds. This effect accounts for very little variation between samples however. Tetraploid seeds are about 30% larger than diploid seeds but there is much overlap between the two groups; genetic control of seed number appears to be predominantly bi-parental, of seed size predominantly maternal, but there are exceptions. Tuberosum seed is slightly larger than Andigena seed and the difference is attributable to the decline in fertility that occurred during the evolution of the former Group. There is no evidence of increase of seed size correlated with selection for plant vigour; experiments with sieved seed of different size grades showed that genetic differences independent of seed size overwhelmingly controlled plant vigour but that there was a transient maternal effect of seed size apparent in the young seedlings and disappearing later in life. General conclusions are: that seed size in the cultivated potatoes is determined by ploidy, by genetic factors (mostly maternal) and by maternal nutritional effects; and that it offers no correlations with plant characters that might be useful to the plant breeder. 相似文献
3.
H. M. Ghebrehiwot M. G. Kulkarni K. P. Kirkman & J. Van Staden 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2008,194(4):270-277
The seeds of Eragrostis tef are often exposed to high temperatures and low water availability during unfavourable climatic conditions. This affects germination and seedling stand establishment of the crop. Smoke is currently widely studied for its stimulatory role in seed germination. The effect of smoke-water and a smoke-isolated butenolide was investigated on E. tef seed germination and seedling growth at different temperatures, light conditions and osmotic potentials. Treating E. tef seeds with smoke-water and butenolide increased the percentage germination relative to the control at all tested temperatures. These treatments significantly improved seedling length and the vigour index at 25, 30, 35 and 40 and 30/15 °C. Smoke-water and butenolide increased percentage imbibition from high to low osmotic potential. In comparison with the control, smoke-water- and butenolide-treated seeds of E. tef showed higher percentage germination with decreasing osmotic potential. Smoke-water treatment exhibited significantly longer and more vigorous seedlings than the control between 0 and −0.30 MPa osmotic potential. The findings of this study suggest the possibility of using smoke treatments for minimizing E. tef seedling losses at elevated temperatures and water stress. 相似文献
4.
The seeds of groundnut cultivar GG-2 were categorized according to their test weight (100 seed weight) as bold (58.2 g), medium (37.9 g), small (24.9 g), small wrinkled (13.4 g) and control (30.3 g) seed lot. The variation in their size and dimension was also taken into account. The overall germination percentage was high for medium size seeds and was closely followed by bold seeds. The performance of the small and small wrinkled seeds was comparable to that of control. The seed vigour was found to be higher with heavier seeds. Small seeds exhibited equally good performance in response to seed germination and growth of the seedling components. There were no significant differences for the development of hypocotyl, epicotyl and plumule. 相似文献
5.
Rabi-summer-produced (dry season, February–May) groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) cv. GG 2 was dried using three different methods, viz. windrow (W), windrow-shade (WS) and DOR (Directorate of Oilseeds Research) methods and stored in polyethylene lined gunny bags with or without desiccant (CaCl2 or silica gel, 10gkg−1 pods). The seeds were analysed for the retentation of seed viability, seedling vigour, membrane integrity and Held emergence during storage, and crop stand and pod yield after 12 months of storage. The drying and storage method significantly affected the getminability, seedling vigour and field emergence. Both root length and seedling biomass were adversely affected due to windrow drying (W) The quick loss of viability in the W treatment was associated with an increase in electrical conductivity of the seed leachate. The retention of higher seed viabiliry and vigour in the seeds dried by DOR method and stored with CaCl2 (DOR C) was due to lower drying remperarures and lower pod moisture during the initial storage period. The DOR C method was found to be an effective drying and storage method for retaining acceptable seed viability and vigour till the following rabi-summer sowing of groundnut. 相似文献
6.
KH2PO4和青霉素对小麦老化种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：18
适宜浓度的KH2PO4和青霉素能明显提高小麦老化种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量及幼苗长度，且能适当降低其种子浸泡液的电导率。其中以0．025％KH2PO4＋100mg／L青霉素效果最好。 相似文献
7.
盐引发对不同水分条件下油菜种子发芽成苗的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
试验用两个油菜(Brassica napus L.)品种"双72"和"浙油758"研究了Ca(NO3)2溶液引发对油菜种子在不同水分条件下发芽和幼苗生长的影响,探讨通过引发来提高大田直播油菜的活力.结果表明,经过引发处理后,两个油菜品种在30%的水分条件下无法发芽;在20%和25%的水分条件下种子的发芽指数显著提高,平均发芽天数显著缩短,幼苗POD活性显著提高,而幼苗的根长、苗高、苗干重、叶绿素含量和CAT活性与对照相比没有显著差异.引发后的"浙油758"种子在20%和25%水分条件下,发芽势和发芽率显著提高,而"双72"种子的发芽势在20%水分时显著高于对照.试验表明盐引发提高了油菜种子在水分逆境下的活力,提高了幼苗的抗逆性. 相似文献
8.
Studies were conducted over two years to evaluate the effect of seed soaking with biodigested slurry, zinc sulphate, Azospirillum, phosphobacteria and phytohormone in rice. The result of pot culture study showed that seed soaking in a combination of biodigested slurry. Azospirillum, phosphobacteria, zinc sulphate and phytohormone improved seedling characteristics such as plumule length, radicle length, biomass and seedling vigour. The N uptake increased by 11.8% at seedling stage (30th day). Soaking of seeds in a combination of nutrients enhanced the growth and yield attributes. Seed soaking in this combination of nutrients increased the grain yield by 8.8 % over unsoaked seeds. Uptake of N, P and K also enhanced by various soaking treatments. Uptake of zinc was not influenced by soaking treatments. The study indicated that seed soaking in a combination of organic, inorganic nutrient and biofertilizers is a good pre-sowing technique for rice. 相似文献
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10.
落叶松种子活力测定和田间育苗对比试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用直立板发芽器对大兴安岭地区8个种批落叶松(Larix gmelini Rupr)种子活力进行了研究:(1)测定了种子发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗干重;(2)按幼苗高度和幼根、子叶初现状况、再用苗全长的标准差将落叶松幼苗分为5级,最后统计出幼苗健壮率和实验室出苗率(国际发芽率标准),从而改进了幼苗活力分级标准;(3)筛选出提高落叶松种子活力最佳预处理方法——种子预湿冷层积14天。通过8个种批落叶松田间育苗对比试验,得出种子预湿冷层积14天,育苗效果明显优于对照组。各种批的种子活力测定结果、幼苗活力分级结果和田间育苗效能是一致的。 相似文献
11.
The effect of varying seed rates (100–1000 seeds m−2 ) and nitrogen fertilizer (0–60 kg N ha-1 ) applied either in a single basal dose or in splits was investigated on a tall elongating, photosensitive rice variety, Nalini, under semi-deepwater conditions (0–100cm) during 1993 and 1994 at Cuttack, India. Seedling emergence was higher in 1993 (53.9 %) than in 1994 (44.1 %) and it increased proportionately with increasing seed rate, Increase in the number of tillers and panicles m−2 at higher seed rates was associated with a corresponding decrease in panicle weight. Regression analysis indicated a decrease of 0.91–1.28g in panicle weight for an increase of 100 panicles m−2 . The grain yield of rice was significantly higher at 400 seeds m−2 in 1993 and at 600 seeds m−2 in 1994 than at low seed rates but further increase in seed rate did not increase the yield. Application of N fertilizer increased the panicle number and thereby grain yield significantly. The effect of basal and split applied N at active or maximum tillering stages as well as between 30 and 60 kg N ha−1 was not significant on the grain yield. The results suggest that a basal dose of 30kg N ha−1 and seeding density of 400–600 seeds m−2 , resulting in 40–50 % seedling emergence and 150–200 panicles m−2 , each with 2.0–2.5 g weight, may be adequate for optimum productivity of rice under semideepwater conditions. 相似文献
12.
Muhammad Rashid John G. Hampton Martin L. Shaw M. Philip Rolston Khan Mir Khan Dave J. Saville 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(1):101-117
A short period (240°C hr; Tb = 25°C) of heat stress (30°C day/25°C night) during forage rape (Brassica napus L.) seed development or at seed physiological maturity can reduce seed vigour, but the extent of oxidative damage associated with this short heat stress was not known. Heat-stressed seeds were assessed for malondialdehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, adenylate energy charge and seed ultrastructural integrity, and compared with that of non-heat-stressed seeds. Heat stress increased both MDA content and H2O2 accumulation by 35%–50%, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity by between 12% and 67%, and significantly reduced adenosine energy charge. Transmission electron microscope images showed clear evidence of seed deterioration in heat-stressed seeds, including ruptures in cell wall and plasma membranes, fused lipid bodies and damaged mitochondria. Heat stress at physiological maturity caused more oxidative damage than the same heat stress during seed development. Seed vigour decreased as H2O2 accumulation increased and antioxidant enzyme activity decreased, but no direct relationship between lipid peroxidation and seed vigour was established. The extent of damage resulting from even shorter periods of heat stress (<240°C hr) before or at seed physiological maturity requires investigation. 相似文献
13.
Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of three weeds, Ageratum conyzoides L., Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv and Commelina benghalensis L. of Nigerian savanna were investigated on the germination and seedling vigour of soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merr.) and maize ( Zea mays L.). Aqueous extracts of these weeds exhibited allelopathic phenomenon on seed germination and seedling vigour. Aqueous extracts of I. cylindrica and C. benghalensis at 1 % and 5 % concentration (w/v) had stimulatory effect on soybean germination as against inhibitory effect of 10 % aqueous extract of all weeds on the germination of both soybean and maize seeds. Seedling vigour-length of roots and shoots and fresh weight of seedlings were promoted by aqueous extract of A. conyzoides up to 5 % concentration in soybean whereas all concentrations of extract stimulated the seedling vigour of maize. Aqueous extract of I. cylindrica up to 5 % also caused stimulatory effect on the seedling vigour of both crops but such effects were lesser in magnitude than that observed in case of A. conyzoides. On the contrary, the aqueous extract of C. benghalensis at all concentrations resulted in deleterious effect on the seedling vigour of both soybean and maize. 相似文献
14.
光照、温度和盐胁迫对红花大金元种子萌发的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从光照、温度、NaCl胁迫等方面对红花大金元种子萌发特性进行了探讨.结果表明:光照对红花大金元种子萌发有显著促进作用;种子萌发的适宜温度为25～30℃,以25℃的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数最高且萌发后的幼苗生长良好;NaCl胁迫对红花大金元种子萌发和幼苗生长均有抑制作用:随NaCl浓度升高,种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗生长量均下降,发芽的高峰期推迟且峰值变小,相对盐害率升高;浓度大于0.20 mol/L时对种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用明显,浓度达到0.50mol/L时种子不再发芽,但低浓度(0.01 mol/L和0.05mol/L)下种子发芽势、发芽率与对照差异不显著. 相似文献
15.
Ghazi N. Al-Karaki 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1998,181(4):237-242
Seed size is an important parameter for plant growth and yield. The effects of seed size and water potential on seed water uptake, germination and early growth of lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik. cvs. Jor-1 and Jor-2) were investigated. Rate of water uptake by seed size (small, medium and large) from solutions containing different water potentials (0, –0.5 and –1.0 MPa, as polyethylene gly-col-8000) was higher in large than in medium or small seeds of both cultivars, regardless of water potential. Rate of water taken into seeds was higher in Jor-2 than in Jor-1. Decreasing water potential (more stress) had adverse effects on rate of water uptake by seeds in both cultivars. In another experiment, with lentils grown in a greenhouse at different soil metric potentials (–0.03, –0.15 and –0.30 MPa), seed size or cultivar had no effects on germination percentage (GP), but GP was reduced as soil water potential decreased (more stress), in greenhouse soil, shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM), plant height, total root length (TRL) and number of primary branches per plant of 35-day-old plants from large seeds were larger than those of plants from medium and small seeds of both cultivars. Increasing soil water deficit progressively decreased each of these traits. Plants from large seeds had higher SDM, RDM and TRL than those from small seeds at intermediate soil water potential (–0.15 MPa) in comparison with the control (–0.03 MPa) or severe (–0.30 MPa) soil water potentials. Larger seeds produced larger plants than smaller seeds, and this appeared to be more pronounced under intermediate than well-watered or more severe water-stressed conditions. Faster early growth of plants from larger seeds may be advantageous in establishing plants under semiarid conditions. 相似文献
16.
U. R. Sangakkara 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1995,175(1):51-56
Cardamom is a popular and important tropical spice, traditionally propagated by rhizomes, although seeds which are considered recalcitrant are being increasingly used in planting programmes. Thus a study evaluated the effects of pod maturity on pod, seed and germination characteristics of three popular varieties, along with the influence of drying on seed germinability.
Green and yellow mature pods and seeds of all varieties had a high moisture content. The variety Mysore, which is considered high yielding, had larger pods with a greater number of heavy seeds. Although the pods of Vazukka were heavier than the Malabar variety due to greater seed weights, seed numbers were similar in both varieties. Seed moisture contents declined with increasing pod maturity, while seed weights and germinability increased.
The germinability of Mysore seeds were greater, while that of the other varieties were lower. The larger seeds of all varieties germinated 15–20 days earlier, giving rise to a greater percentage (20–25 %) of seedlings. Desiccation at 20 °C maintained germinability for a longer period (5–9 days) in all varieties, than when dried at 30 °C. The seeds of the variety Mysore was more tolerant to desiccation than other varieties. The study illustrated the importance of selecting large seeds from yellow mature pods of cardamom for propagation and the value of establishment immediately after harvest to obtain a greater number of seedlings. 相似文献
Green and yellow mature pods and seeds of all varieties had a high moisture content. The variety Mysore, which is considered high yielding, had larger pods with a greater number of heavy seeds. Although the pods of Vazukka were heavier than the Malabar variety due to greater seed weights, seed numbers were similar in both varieties. Seed moisture contents declined with increasing pod maturity, while seed weights and germinability increased.
The germinability of Mysore seeds were greater, while that of the other varieties were lower. The larger seeds of all varieties germinated 15–20 days earlier, giving rise to a greater percentage (20–25 %) of seedlings. Desiccation at 20 °C maintained germinability for a longer period (5–9 days) in all varieties, than when dried at 30 °C. The seeds of the variety Mysore was more tolerant to desiccation than other varieties. The study illustrated the importance of selecting large seeds from yellow mature pods of cardamom for propagation and the value of establishment immediately after harvest to obtain a greater number of seedlings. 相似文献
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18.
以菘蓝为试验材料,在10%聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）干旱胁迫处理下,研究了外源亚精胺（Spd）和甜菜碱（GB）对菘蓝种子萌发和幼苗渗透调节物质、活性氧生成及膜质过氧化的影响。结果表明,外源Spd（≤75mg/L）和GB（≤30mmol/L）处理可显著促进干旱胁迫下菘蓝种子的萌发;25~100mg/L的Spd和10~40mmol/L的GB处理均可提高幼苗叶绿素含量,降低脯氨酸含量、丙二醛积累和细胞膜透性,可有效缓解干旱胁迫伤害,且幼苗中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势,并在Spd 75mg/L和GB 30mmol/L时达到最大值。由此可见,75mg/L的Spd或30mmol/L的GB能有效缓解干旱胁迫对菘蓝种子萌发及幼苗生长产生的伤害,提高种子及幼苗的抗旱能力。 相似文献
19.
Heat stress during seed development affects forage brassica (Brassica napus L.) seed quality 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. Rashid J. G. Hampton M. P. Rolston K. M. Khan D. J. Saville 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2018,204(2):147-154
In two consecutive seasons, forage rape (Brassica napus L.) plants were exposed to short periods (240°C hr) of heat stress (30°C day/25°C night) during seed filling (80% seed moisture content = S1), at physiological maturity (50% seed moisture content = S2) and at both S1 plus S2 (=S3) in a Biotron before being returned to the field until seed harvest. Seeds were hand harvested at 14% seed moisture content and their quality assessed by measuring germination, seed vigour (using the accelerated ageing and conductivity tests) and seed mass (as determined by thousand seed weight). Heat stress at both S1 and S2 caused a small (<10%) but significant reduction in germination in both seasons. There was a significant heat stress timing interaction in the first but not the second season. Reductions in germination were a result of increased abnormal seedling production not seed death. All three heat stress treatments significantly reduced seed vigour, with S3>S2>S1. Seed mass was reduced by heat stress at S1 but not at S2. Variable seed vigour in high‐germinating New Zealand‐produced forage rapeseed lots is most likely explained by short periods of heat stress during seed development. 相似文献
20.
A. F. M. Ekramul Haque A. Hamid M. T. Islam M. Mohiuddin 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1992,168(1):61-64
Effects of seedbed condition and seeding depth on the emergence and seedling vigour of upland rice was studied. Regardless of aggregate size distribution, seeds sown at 2 cm depth gave the maximum emergence rate (80-90 %) which was reduced to 47 % for sowing at 5 cm depth. Seeding at 10 cm depth caused total failure in emergence. When planted at 2 cm depth, aggregate size produced considerable variation in the speed of emergence but caused no significant differences in final emergence count. For seeds sown at 5 cm depth, seedbed with aggregate size < 2 mm resulted in poor emergence (12 %) while with aggregates > 8 mm reduced emergence by 34 % compared with balanced proportion of larger, moderate and smaller aggregates. Neither the seedbed condition nor seeding depth caused significant variation in seedling height or seedling dry weight. 相似文献