共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
采用灰色关联分析,探讨了春小麦品种主要农艺性状与收获指数的相互关系及其对产量的影响。结果表明,春小麦品种主要农艺性状变异系数从大到小依次为穗颈长〉主茎生物产量〉穗长〉千粒重〉株高〉产量〉穗粒数〉单穗重〉收获指数〉小穗数〉总生物产量;春小麦品种主要农艺性状对收获指数关联度顺序为单穗重〉产量〉穗粒数〉千粒重〉总生物产量〉株高〉穗颈长〉主茎生物产量〉穗长〉小穗数。 相似文献
2.
冬小麦水旱品种间杂交主要性状的遗传分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用水地和旱地两种生态型的品种 ,采用 4× 4不完全双列杂交试验 ,对水旱品种间杂交主要性状的配合力和遗传表现进行了研究。结果表明 ,水地亲本的一般配合力效应对杂种后代主要性状的影响 ,除千粒重外 ,均达到显著或极显著水平 ;旱地亲本的一般配合力效应主要对株高、穗下节长、单株穗数、收获指数等与抗旱性有关的性状影响明显 ,且除株高和收获指数外 ,其余性状P1的方差均大于P2 的方差。说明水地亲本对杂种后代产量性状影响大 ,旱地亲本主要影响抗旱性状 ,水旱两种生态型杂交 ,实现了抗旱与丰产的有机结合。株高、穗下节长、穗粒数、单株产量、单株生物产量和收获指数以加性效应为主 ,而显性基因对单株穗数、千粒重、单穗重的影响较大。旱地小麦产量性状遗传力均较低 ,而株高、穗下节长、收获指数等与抗旱性有关的性状遗传力较高 相似文献
3.
为更精准筛选和选育不同用途二棱大麦品种,对38份不同来源及用途的二棱大麦品种（系）的株高、穗长、千粒重、穗粒数、有效穗数、籽粒产量和不孕粒数等主要农艺性状及籽粒蛋白质含量进行综合评价。结果表明,参试二棱大麦品种（系）有效穗数、产量、穗长、不孕粒数及蛋白质含量变异丰富,株高、千粒重及穗粒数变异相对较小,二棱大麦育种的增产效应主要体现在穗长和有效穗数的适度增加。相关性分析表明,二棱大麦各性状间存在复杂的相关性,且多个性状均可影响产量,有效穗数与产量呈极显著正相关。供试二棱大麦品种（系）在遗传距离10水平上可聚为中秆大粒型和矮秆多穗型两类。主成分分析将38份二棱大麦品种（系）的主要农艺性状分为4个主成分,其累计贡献率达85.5807%;以前4个主成分得分值为指标进行主成分二维排序分析,分析38份二棱大麦品种（系）在特定因子性状上的差异,结果为创制优异种质及亲本选择提供依据。 相似文献
4.
不同行距对黍子农艺性状、经济性状及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
《作物杂志》2017,(1)
以晋黍9号为试验材料,研究了相同播种量条件下8个不同行距处理对黍子农艺性状、经济性状及产量的影响。结果显示:随着行距增加,黍子株高、穗长、穗重、穗粒重、单株重量、收获指数及产量呈先增加后减少的趋势,而茎基粗和有效分蘖数呈逐渐减少趋势;行距对黍子的株高和千粒重没有显著影响,对有效分蘖数、穗粒重和穗重影响较大;相关、多元回归和通径分析表明,黍子产量与株高、穗长、茎基粗、有效分蘖数、穗重、穗粒重、单株重量和收获指数之间极显著相关,穗长、有效分蘖数和穗粒重是对黍子产量影响较大的3个因素;综合因子值分析表明,35cm行距处理有较理想的产量构成因子,群体空间分布均匀,可获得较高产量,其次为行距30和40cm处理。 相似文献
5.
小麦收获指数与主要农艺性状的相关性探析? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小麦收获指数是指籽粒产量占地上部生物产量的百分率。研究小麦品种主要农艺性状和经济性状间与其产量的相互关系,采用相关性分析与回归方法,对影响收获指数的10个主要农艺性状及因素进行了研究分析。结果表明：供试小麦HI具有较大的改良空间;HI与穗颈长、株高、穗长、小穗数、主茎生物产量有显著负相关,与单穗质量、产量呈正相关,与生物产量没有显著相关性;主成分分析结果显示,3个主成分累积贡献率达 87.427%,表明 3 个主成分已覆盖所有性状的主要信息;通过回归分析,小麦HI与单穗籽粒产量、生物产量、千粒质量有显著回归关系。结论: 通过对10份小麦材料农艺性状的统计分析,得出如下结论。HI受单穗质量、生物产量、千粒重影响较为明显有显著回归关系,与单穗质量、产量和穗粒数有明显正效应,生物产量对其有负效应。小麦HI提高可通过选育生物产量不宜过大,而穗粒数较高、单穗重较大的小麦品种。 相似文献
6.
太湖流域糯稻地方品种资源农艺性状分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了充分利用地方资源有利基因拓展现代育成品种的遗传基础和改良目标性状,本研究利用15个主要农艺性状对135个太湖流域糯稻地方品种资源进行了分析。结果表明,晚熟、株高和穗颈长偏高、着粒密度和产量偏低为太湖流域糯稻地方品种的主要特征。性状的变异系数范围为3.42%~35.01%,单株产量、单株有效穗、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、穗颈长短、着粒密度等6个性状居前列。主成分分析显示,PC1-PC5能够解释总体70.4%的变异,而每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、着粒密度、单株有效穗、株高、千粒重、单株产量等7个性状因具有高的特征向量值,为分析太湖流域糯稻地方品种资源的重要性状。以主成分分析中提取的5个公因子进行聚类分析,可将研究材料分为14类,其中第Ⅰ、Ⅸ、ⅩⅣ和Ⅻ类品种有利性状突出,是改良当地糯稻品种的极有用的种质资源。产量构成因子和单株产量的偏相关分析表明,太湖流域糯稻地方品种对产量的贡献主要是单株有效穗和每穗粒数,这也是地方品种亟待改良的重点。研究还发现,同名异种现象十分普遍。 相似文献
7.
小麦收获指数与主要农艺性状的相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《中国农学通报》2015,(3)
为研究小麦品种主要农艺性状和经济性状间与其产量的相互关系,采用相关性分析与回归方法,对影响收获指数的10个主要农艺性状及因素进行了分析。结果表明:供试小麦收获指数(HI)具有较大的改良空间;HI与穗颈长、株高、穗长、小穗数、主茎生物产量有显著负相关,与单穗质量、产量呈正相关,与生物产量没有显著相关性;主成分分析结果显示,3个主成分累积贡献率达87.427%,表明3个主成分已覆盖所有性状的主要信息;通过回归分析,小麦HI与单穗籽粒产量、生物产量、千粒质量有显著回归关系。通过对小麦材料农艺性状的统计分析,得出如下结论:HI受单穗质量、生物产量、千粒质量影响较为明显有显著回归关系,与单穗质量、产量和穗粒数有明显正效应,生物产量对其有负效应。小麦HI提高可通过选育生物产量不宜过大,而穗粒数较高、单穗质量较大的小麦品种。 相似文献
8.
早籼稻品种更替过程中农艺性状的演变特征 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以南方稻区品种更替过程中大面积推广的18个早籼稻代表品种为材料,按高秆品种、矮秆品种、矮抗品种、优超品种4个演变阶段,采用常规栽培方法研究其农艺性状的演变特征。结果表明,随着品种的演变,产量、收获指数、每穗粒数均有提高;有效穗、结实率、千粒重变化不大。进一步分析表明,每穗粒数的增加是着粒密度改良所致。农艺性状与年代的回归分析表明,生物量与株高在1980年后有增加的趋势,生育期有缩短的趋势。相关分析表明,决定早籼稻产量的农艺性状为生物量、株高、收获指数和每穗粒数。 相似文献
9.
甘蓝型杂交油菜收获指数与植株性状的相关分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[目的]为了研究收获指数与植株性状的相关关系及回归关系,[方法]通过测定649个甘蓝型杂交油菜新组合的收获指数、单株产量、株高、千粒重、角粒数、主花序角果长度、单株角果数、有效分枝位、一次分枝数、主序长度。[结果]不同甘蓝型杂交油菜新组收获指数差异较大,变幅为(0.1292-0.3358),平均为22.47%,收获指数在0.30以上的组合仅占0.31%;收获指数与单株产量、角粒数、单株角果数、一次分枝数、主序长度、株高均呈极显著正相关;回归分析表明,株高、单株角果数、主花序角果长度、千粒重、角粒数5个性状对收获指数的影响较大。利用性状间的相关性,选育长角果和主花序长的材料,来提高育成材料的角粒数和千粒重;选育植株相对较高、主花序较长、一次分枝数较多的个体,来提高育成材料的单株角果数,最终育成单株产量较高的组合(或品种)。[结论]协调产量构成三要素,提高单株产量,协调好高产与高收获指数间的关系,育成收获指数较高的组合(或品种)。 相似文献
10.
黄淮麦区小麦产量和生理性状的遗传增益研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《种子》2014,(9)
研究品种更替过程中产量及其相关性状的变化规律对培育高产品种具有重要指导意义。利用1980~2005年间河南省育成的8个推广面积较大的品种为研究材料,于2010~2011年和2011~2012年间连续2年种植,分析了近25年河南主栽品种的产量变化趋势。研究结果表明,供试材料的产量和产量相关性状显著受环境和基因型及基因型与环境的影响。1980~2005年间河南小麦产量年遗传增益为63 kg/hm2,千粒重和收获指数显著改良,其中,千粒重年遗传增益为0.42 g,收获指数年遗传增益为0.29。株高随品种的选育年份呈显著降低趋势,平均每年降低株高0.42 cm。而单位面积(m2)穗数、穗粒数和生物学产量均无显著变化。说明近25年来河南小麦产量的提高主要通过提高粒重来完成,今后再通过降秆来提高收获指数已不再现实,应在进一步提高产量的同时适当放宽株高限制,提高茎秆质量的同时,加强改良新品种的收获指数。 相似文献
11.
High grain yield and grain protein content, and early maturity are important traits in global bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)-breeding programmes. Improving these three traits simultaneously is difficult due to the negative association between grain yield and grain protein content and the positive association between maturity and grain yield. We investigated the genetic relationship between maturity, grain yield and grain protein content in a population of 130 early maturing spring wheat lines in a high latitude (52–53°N) wheat-growing region of Canada. Grain protein content exhibited negative genetic correlation with maturity (−0.87), grain fill duration (−0.78), grain fill rate (−0.49), grain yield (−0.93) and harvest index (−0.71). Grain yield exhibited positive genetic correlation with maturity (0.69), rate (0.78) and duration (0.49) of grain fill, and harvest index (0.55). Despite the positive association between maturity and grain yield, and negative association between grain yield and grain protein content, higher yielding lines with medium maturity and higher grain protein content were identified. Broad-sense heritabilities were low (<0.40) for rate and duration of grain fill, grain protein content, spike per m2 , grains per spike, harvest index and grain yield, and medium to high (>0.40) for grain weight, days to anthesis and maturity, and plant height. Selection for longer preanthesis and shorter grain fill periods may help circumvent the negative association between grain yield and grain protein content. Selection for shorter grain fill periods and higher grain fill rate may be a useful strategy for developing early maturing cultivars with acceptable grain yields in northern wheat-growing regions. 相似文献
12.
Summary Improvements in bread wheat productivity have been related to changes in plant morphology and function associated with a large increase in the harvest index for a more or less constant biological yield. The appearance of short genotypes possessing dwarfism genes may modify markedly the objectives of breeding as the upper limits of the harvest index are approached. The aim of the investigations presented here was to identify some contrasts between short and tall genotypes in terms of the physiological characteristics associated with grain yield, so as to orientate more efficiently the selection of genotypes, with or without dwarfism genes, for productivity. Various parameters of flag leaf functioning (photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll fluorescence index, leaf area duration) were related to the biological and economic yields and the harvest index for two groups of genotypes that were differentiated by their height. For all genotypes, the relationships between the various traits and the grain yield were difficult to ascertain. For the tall genotypes without dwarfism genes, the classical relationships between grain yield, harvest index, flag leaf area duration and net photosynthesis rate were confirmed. Moreover, the rate of chlorophyll fluorescence decrease (Rfd) during the slow Kautsky kinetics phase, which is representative of the leaf photosynthesis at low light, was found to be an excellent marker of economic yield. Chlorophyll fluorescence decrease was closely related to grain yield and also with other factors that are known to be important in its expression (harvest index, flag leaf area duration). In very short genotypes, the biological yield and directly related factors (leaf area, plant height) were the main parameters associated with economic yield, since the harvest index had approached its upper limit. The selection of short genotypes must therefore maintain the biological yield through an increase in the size of the aerial organs to counterbalance the decrease in height. 相似文献
13.
木薯单株产量与主要农艺性状的相关性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
探讨木薯单株产量与主要农艺性状的相关性,以提高木薯育种效率,为木薯品种选育奠定基础。采用13 份木薯种质资源为试验材料,通过相关与通径分析等方法,探讨了11 个主要农艺性状与单株产量之间的相关性以及不同种质资源单株产量之间的差异性。结果表明：NK-2、NK-6、NK-7、NK-10、NK-11、‘新选048’与‘华南205’之间的单株产量呈显著差异;单株产量与块根数呈极显著正相关,与收获指数、生物产量、最长薯长、主茎高度呈显著正相关,与干物质含量呈显著负相关;通径分析结果表明,各农艺性状对单株产量的直接通径系数和决定系数的大小顺序一致,依次为：块根数、最长薯长、生物产量、主茎高度、叶保留高度、干物质含量、收获指数、地上部鲜重、淀粉含量、主茎粗、株高。由此表明,选育高产木薯需要关注的主要农艺性状有：块根数、最长薯长、生物产量、主茎高度、叶保留高度、干物质含量、收获指数等。 相似文献
14.
Summary Soybean is an important oilseed crop in India and varieties with high yield potential are being developed since 1969. This study was conducted to assess the impact of breeding on yield and plant characteristics during the last 25 years. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate forty three soybean varieties belonging to two different selection cycles and representing most of the varieties developed in the domestic breeding programme of India from 1969 to 1993. Varieties resulting from selection cycle 1 showed 4 times higher seed yield and harvest index as compared to the farm traditional variety Kalitur. This yield increase was due to an increase in biomass, pods plant–1, mean seed weight and longer seed filling duration, but a reduced plant height and improved lodging tolerance, less seeds pod–1 and early flowering and maturity dates. The varieties of selection cycle 2 showed 19% higher seed yields and 16% increase in harvest index over selection cycle 1 accompanied by longer seed filling duration, more seeds pod–1 and reduced plant height. The annual genetic gain in seed yield of soybean varieties released in India from 1969 to 1993 was approximately 22 kg ha–1. 相似文献
15.
Correlated Response to Selection for Protein Yield in Oats After Three Cycles of Recurrent Selection
Three oat (Avena saliva L.) populations (i.e., lines of descent), high grain yield (HG), high protein content (HP), and high protein yield per se (HGP), each developed by three cycles of S, recurrent selection, were evaluated for the effect of selection for groat-protein yield upon other agronomic traits. Selections making up the HG line of descent had high protein yield primarily due to high grain yield, and those selected for HP had high protein yield due to both high protein content and high grain yield. Selection in HGP was on the basis of protein yield per se. Selection caused increases in bundle weight, harvest index, vegetative growth rate, and seed number in all lines of descent. Heading date, plant height, and seed weight were unaffected, whereas groat percentage and test weight were decreased in HP and HGP. Heritabilities were high for heading date, plant height, test weight, and seed weight, moderate for harvest index and bundle weight, and low for groat percentage. Genetic variability generally declined from CO to C3 for all traits. Groat-protein yield and amount of protein per groat increased in all lines of descent. In HG, the increase in groat weight was due primarily to increases in the nonprotein fraction, with groat-protein content actually decreasing. In HGP, groat weight increased due to increases in protein and nonprotein fractions, and groat protein content remained constant. In HP, groat weight and amount of nonprotein per groat decreased, thus increasing groat-protein content. Three cycles of recurrent selection resulted in oat lines with groat-protein yields significantly higher than the highest lines from CO. Utilization of index selection may be desirable to obtain populations of greater breeding value. 相似文献
16.
Summary Three thousand two hundred and sixty-seven kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm accessions were grown during the spring season of 1980 at Tel Hadya, the main research station of ICARDA, Syria to determine the components of seed yield. Observations were recorded on seed yield and 14 other characters. Correlation and path coefficient analyses were done to find out associations among characters and to assess the direct and indirect contribution of each character to seed yield.Large variation was observed for all the characters studied except days to flowering, days to maturity and protein content. Correlation and path coefficient analyses showed that biological yield and harvest index were the major direct contributors to seed yield. The 100-seed weight, plant height, days to flowering and maturity, canopy width, and protein content contributed to seed yield mainly through indirect effect via biological yield and harvest index. The 100-seed weight and seed yield were major contributors to biological yield. Major contributor to protein content was days to maturity. Results indicated that selection for high biological yield and harvest index would lead to high seed yield; and selection for large seed size would lead to high biological yield. Therefore, these characters should receive the highest priority in selecting high yielding plants in chickpea breeding. 相似文献
17.
Summary Six populations of F2-derived lines of barley and their parents were evaluated for heading date, plant height, grain yield, bundle weight, and harvest index in a replicated experiment in the field. These data were used to estimate the minimum number of effective factor pairs segregating for each trait, the number of favorable factors contributed by each parent in a cross, and the frequencies and magnitudes of transgressive segregates.Heading date, plant height, and harvest index were controlled by three to four effective factor pairs, whereas grain yield and bundle weight were controlled by five or more.All three H. spontaneum strains used in our study contributed one or more useful genes for each of the traits, grain yield, heading date, plant height, bundle weight, and harvest index. Therefore, it seems that H. spontaneum can be a useful source of favorable genes for quantitative traits, especially for grain yield, which could be incorporated into barley varieties readily by backcrossing. Transgressive segregates for grain yield in the interspecific crosses may provide the basic materials for improving the productivity of cultivated barley varieties.Journal Paper No. J-9760 of the Iowa Agric. and Home Econ. Exp. Stn., Ames, IA 50011. Project 2227. Supported in part by a grant from the Science and Education Administration-Cooperative Research, United States Department of Agriculture. 相似文献
18.
不同种植密度对3个小豆品种植株形态及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用两因素随机区组设计,以直立型小豆品种冀红20、冀红21和唐红201602为材料,分析6个种植密度对不同小豆品种植株形态特征及产量性状的影响。结果表明,品种和种植密度对小豆形态特征和产量性状的影响较大;底荚高度和第一节间长随着密度的增加而增加,主茎节数、主茎分枝数、单株结荚数、单荚粒数和百粒重随着种植密度的增加而减小,产量随种植密度的增加呈先增加后减少趋势;相同品种不同种植密度间和相同种植密度不同品种间的产量差异极显著（F值分别为49.36、99.35）,品种与种植密度互作对产量的影响差异显著（F=3.91）。种植密度与株高、底荚高度呈极显著正相关,与第一节间长呈正相关,与茎粗、主茎分枝数和主茎节数呈极显著负相关。增加种植密度可增加小豆株高、底荚高度和第一节间长,有效减少主茎分枝数,有利于机械化收获。 相似文献
19.
长沙烟稻轮作区烤烟正常与推迟采收条件下的适宜晚稻品种筛选 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了筛选出适应长沙烟稻轮作区不同烟叶采收期的晚稻品种,模拟烤烟正常采收与推迟采收两种条件,以15个晚稻品种为材料开展了大田品种比较试验。结果表明：（1）从全生育期角度,6月18日播种条件下,所有品种均适合作烟后晚稻种植,而6月28日播种条件下仅湘丰优103、隆香优130、深优9520、湘丰优9号、金优284、丰源优299、丰源优272能够正常成熟;（2）从产量角度,6月18日播种条件下,两优527、丰源优272和隆香优130产量可达8000 kg/hm2左右,是烟稻轮作区烟叶正常采收条件下烟后晚稻品种的首选;6月28日播种条件下,丰源优272、湘丰优103、深优9520和湘丰优9号是较佳选择,产量可达7600kg/hm2以上;（3）相关分析表明,产量与每穗粒数呈显著正相关,与经济系数呈正相关,因此选择穗型较大、经济系数较高的晚稻品种易获得高产。结果对长沙烟区烟后晚稻品种选择具有一定指导作用。 相似文献