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1.
EMS诱变是创造突变体,创新种质和品种改良的有效手段。为探讨化学诱变剂EMS对胡麻种子的诱变效应,设置5个EMS浓度和4个处理时间对5个胡麻品种进行诱变处理。结果表明,EMS诱变处理对不同胡麻品种农艺性状的影响差异比较大,变异比较丰富。在不同胡麻品种间,EMS诱变对种子出苗期、成苗数的影响存在差异, 在不同籽粒颜色的品种间差异更显著。胡麻植株表型变异出现了黄化苗、畸形花、花瓣不展开、花瓣颜色变异株、分茎和分枝多,茎扁平、簇头、早熟、不育等类型,这些变异丰富了胡麻突变体库;通过EMS诱变产生的突变体,可为胡麻品种改良和种质创新提供优异资源。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜EMS诱变二代农艺与籽粒品质性状的变异与TILLING库的构建 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）溶液处理甘蓝型油菜双低品种浙双72种子,经田间M1代观察和M2代筛选及部分M3代验证,筛选到叶色、叶形、株高、茎色、花色、花瓣（数目与颜色）、雄性不育及开花期等性状发生明显变异的M2突变株。经统计,突变株占M2群体植株总数的8.46％。对M3种子的主要脂肪酸组分之间以及脂肪酸组分与种子含油量进行了相关与回归分析,同时详尽描述各种脂肪酸组分和含油量的变异幅度与变异分布,构建了包括主要农艺性状、雄性不育及籽粒品质性状变异的突变体库,提取了2558份包含突变性状的M2植株叶片的DNA。该诱变二代DNA库及其相应的突变体种质资源为进一步深入研究控制油菜农艺性状、育性与籽粒品质性状的主效基因的等位多态性打下基础,并可为油菜品种的遗传改良提供许多特异的育种材料。 相似文献
4.
甘蓝型油菜品种航天诱变后代性状分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对搭载实践8号育种卫星的6个甘蓝型油菜品种(系)种子及其后代连续多年种植选择,对其SP3农艺性状及品质性状进行诱变效应分析,对SP4产量和农艺性状等进行鉴定与结果分析。结果表明,6个搭载品种的植株性状、生育期和抗逆性在SP1与对照相比均没有明显变化。对SP2进行田间观测,发现有多个主花序、主茎萎缩和小花瓣等变异株。对SP3室内考种和品质测试,发现了矮杆、大粒等有利变异株,还有一些芥酸、硫苷和含油率发生改变的变异群体。对SP4田间产量鉴定,得到了1份高产材料TK407,产量为3 048.35 kg·hm-2,产量构成三要素合理,分别为单株有效角果数365角、每角粒数23.43粒、千粒重4.61g。研究表明,航天诱变后代能产生变异植株,通过育种目标性状多代选择,能选育出高产、优质的新品种。 相似文献
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为了调查西藏高原环境下, 印度芥菜型油菜的农艺性状表现, 本文以引进的20份印度芥菜型油菜为材料, 采用单因素随机区组设计并结合典型相关分析方法, 对其主茎性状(4个变量)、分枝性状(3个变量)、角果性状(3个变量)、生育期性状(4个变量)、产量性状(4个变量)等5组农艺性状(共含18个变量)间的典型相关关系进行了研究。结果表明: 印度芥菜型油菜单株产量主要由单株有效角果数决定; 影响印度芥菜型油菜产量性状最主要因素是角果性状, 其次是分枝性状、生育期性状和主茎性状; 印度芥菜型油菜在产量性状、角果性状、分枝性状、生育期性状、主茎性状等5组性状间均有密切的联系。本文所得结论可为引进印度芥菜型油菜新品种资源的开发和利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
6.
西藏高原环境下印度芥菜型油菜农艺性状的典型相关分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了调查西藏高原环境下,印度芥菜型油菜的农艺性状表现,本文以引进的20份印度芥菜型油菜为材料,采用单因素随机区组设计并结合典型相关分析方法,对其主茎性状(4个变量)、分枝性状(3个变量)、角果性状(3个变量)、生育期性状(4个变量)、产量性状(4个变量)等5组农艺性状(共含18个变量)间的典型相关关系进行了研究。结果表明:印度芥菜型油菜单株产量主要由单株有效角果数决定;影响印度芥菜型油菜产量性状最主要因素是角果性状,其次是分枝性状、生育期性状和主茎性状;印度芥菜型油菜在产量性状、角果性状、分枝性状、生育期性状、主茎性状等5组性状间均有密切的联系。本文所得结论可为引进印度芥菜型油菜新品种资源的开发和利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
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转SCK基因水稻后代农艺性状变异的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
研究了转SCK水稻及其对照栽培后的各项农艺性状的变化。对轨基因水稻及其对照的生育期、主茎叶数、株高、剑叶长、剑叶宽、穗数、穗长、穗粒数、穗实粒数、千粒重、着粒密度等农艺性状进行了研究。结果表明:与对照相比，转基因水稻植株都在1个或多个农艺性状上发生不同程度的变异，其中株高均趋向矮化，穗数增加，其它性状变异的方向和幅度并不一致，如转SCK的C162的穗粒数、实粒数及千粒重都明显少于对照；转SCK的R527和M81结实率下降；转SCK的O2428的实粒数、结实率和千粒重增加；转SCK的D62实粒数、千粒重和结实率均增加。 相似文献
8.
播期、密度和施肥量对直播油菜重要农艺性状与产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
2010~2011年度以甘蓝型半冬性核不育杂交油菜为材料,采用三元二次回归正交组合设计研究了直播油菜最高产时的栽培组合,并对8个重要农艺性状与小区产量之间进行相关及通径分析。结果表明,直播油菜的株高、单株有效角果数、每角果粒数、根茎粗和叶痕数与直播油菜的产量呈极显著或显著正相关关系,各农艺性状与直播油菜产量的相关系数大小依次为单株有效角果数(0.9554)株高(0.9340)根茎粗(0.9107)每角果粒数(0.9106)叶痕数(0.8445)分支位高度(0.694.1)分支数(0.5595)千粒重(0.2292)。各相关性状对油菜产量的直接影响为单株有效角果数(0.8811)根茎粗(-0.4645)叶痕数(0.3350)株高(0.2908)分支数(-0.2000)每角果粒数(0.0857)分支位高度(0.0732)千粒重(0.0454)。直播油菜的叶痕数和根茎粗是影响产量的重要农艺性状,叶痕数对产量起直接作用,而根茎粗主要是通过间接作用起到增产效果。在南方双季稻区,播期、密度和施肥量对直播油菜产量均有显著影响,在本试验条件下,以播期为10月27日,种植密度不少于45万株/hm~2,施肥量为1851.9kg/hm~2的组合为最佳种植方案。 相似文献
9.
摘薹时期对油蔬两用油菜产量和效益的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《南方农业》2017,(7)
试验研究不同时期摘薹对油蔬两用油菜"油研10号"产量、农艺性状和综合经济效益的影响,为油菜适期摘薹提供依据。结果表明:不摘薹虽菜籽产量显著高于摘薹,但综合经济效益较低;摘薹后株高、有效分枝高度、一次有效分枝数、一次有效角果数降低;薹高60 cm时(2月5日)摘薹,菜薹产量、全株有效角果数、单株籽粒产量均显著高于其余处理,且综合经济效益最好,纯收入可达10274.2元/hm~2,较不摘薹增收19.85%。 相似文献
10.
为丰富谷子遗传多样性和突变体库材料,本研究采用1%浓度的甲基硫磺乙酯(EMS)诱变晋谷40号 10 h, 在谷子生育期间对突变体M1和M2代材料进行表型性状调查。结果表明,共获得332株表型差异突变型单株,这些突变体类型主要包括株高、穗型、茎粗、育性、刚毛、抗拿扑净、颖壳色、抽穗期、穗轴、粒色、穗紧实度、抗逆性、穗重等;对数量性状的表型指标进行变异分析,其中株高的变异系数最大,为41.25%,抽穗期的变异系数最小,为11.03%;对20份矮秆突变体材料进行产量性状分析,发现E-13、E-58和E-98可作为矮秆、早熟、高产的材料;突变体中发现褐米色、抗拿扑净等优质、适宜产业化的材料。本研究构建的谷子突变体库具有丰富的突变类型,为谷子分子遗传学和育种提供了优异的基础材料。 相似文献
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Hari D. Upadhyaya K. N. Reddy C. L. L. Gowda S. N. Silim 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(8):1787-1795
Pigeonpea germplasm accessions collected from low (<500 m), medium (501–1000 m), high (1001–1500 m) and very high elevation
zones (>1500 m) of Kenya were evaluated for 15 agronomic traits and seed protein content at ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. There
were significant differences (P < 0.001) among elevation zones for the number of primary and secondary branches, days to 75% maturity, pod length, seeds per
pod, 100-seed weight and seed yield. Mean values indicated that the accessions from low elevation zone were significantly
different from those collected in higher elevation zones for early flowering and maturity, number of primary branches, pod
length, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, seed yield and harvest index. None of the accessions collected
in Kenya belonged to extra early (<80 days to 50% flowering) and early (80–100 days to 50% flowering) maturity groups, as
defined by time to flowering at Patancheru, India. Mean diversity index based on all characters indicated that accessions
from the low elevation zone are more diverse than those from the higher elevation zones. Frequency distribution for trait
extremes indicated that the accessions from the low elevation zone were early to flower and mature, short statured, produced
more primary and secondary branches with high pod bearing length, long pods, more pods per plant, more seeds per pod, a high
seed yield and harvest index. Accessions from the very high elevation zone were late flowering, with a large number of tertiary
branches, large seeds and a high shelling percentage and could be a source for cold tolerance and the breeding of vegetable
types. Results suggest that the elevation of collection sites is therefore a very important determinant of variation patterns
of pigeonpea in Kenya. 相似文献
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Abe Shegro Gerrano Willem S. Jansen van Rensburg Funso R. Kutu 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2019,69(4):295-303
Cultivar development of cowpea with increased grain yield depends on evaluation and selection of genetically unique and complementary breeding lines. The objective of this study was to evaluate cowpea collections using agronomic traits to select promising parents to develop breeding population. Twenty-two cowpea genotypes were field evaluated using a randomised complete block design with three replications in two locations in South Africa. Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic (G) and locations (L) differences for all agronomic traits evaluated. Significant differences were also observed for most of the traits due to G X L, G X Year (Y), L X Y and G X L X Y interactions effects. The genotypes tested at two locations showed considerable genetic variation for the following agronomic traits that varied for number of leaves (NL) (20.08–179.78), leaf length (LL) (12.36–67.72 cm), leaf width (LW) (4.78–22.02 cm), number of branches (NB) (6.81–13.85), number of pods per plant (NPPP) (14.33–54.04), number of seeds per pod (NSPP) (11.7286.28), pod diameter (PD) (5.75–22.73 mm), plant height (PH) (6.57–233.71 cm), pod length (PL) (3.94–100.92 mm), hundred seed weight (HSWt) (8.11–49.52 g) and grain yield (GY) (0.10-1.48 t ha?1). Grain yield was significant and positively correlated with all of the traits except leaf length. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified four principal components (PCs) contributing to 73.62% of the total explained variation amongst the tested genotypes. The selected cowpea genotypes for most of agronomic characteristics are useful and candidate genetic resources for the development of breeding population in cowpea breeding and enhanced production and productivity for food and nutrition in the country. 相似文献
13.
为创制矮紧型、抗病同源四倍体不结球白菜矮桩秘冠新材料,使用浓度为0.2%的秋水仙素处理二倍体不结球白菜矮桩秋冠植株子叶期生长点,通过形态学、解剖学、细胞学特征和使用流式细胞仪进行鉴定,筛选出同源四倍体植株,并进行农艺性状、营养指标、光合能力和抗病性测定。形态学鉴定结果显示,四倍体植株的种子、花器官、荚果表现出巨大化,但整体株型和叶片变小。解剖学鉴定结果发现,四倍体植株气孔变大但单位面积密度减小,花粉粒变大且形状不规则。细胞学鉴定中,二倍体植株细胞染色体数为20条,四倍体为40条,是二倍体的2倍。流式细胞仪鉴定结果表明,二倍体细胞核DNA相对含量峰值在50处,四倍体细胞核DNA相对含量峰值在100处,与细胞学鉴定结果一致。农艺性状中,四倍体植株的单叶质量、十叶厚有所增加,但叶柄长、株高、叶长等有一定程度的降低。营养品质中,四倍体可溶性糖、纤维素、叶绿素含量减少,氨基酸、有机酸含量增加。光合特性分析结果发现,与二倍体相比,四倍体的最大净光合速率、表观量子效率、暗呼吸速率分别增加了29.192%、16.071%和14.0947,光饱和点降低,说明四倍体植株比二倍体具有更强的光合效率。抗病测定结果发现,四倍体植株叶片对灰霉病的抗性明显增强。经选育获得了矮紧型、抗病不结球白菜同源四倍体矮桩秋冠新材料,为不结球白菜种质创新和新品种培育奠定了基础。 相似文献
14.
H. D. Upadhyaya K. N. Reddy C. L. L. Gowda Sube Singh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1167-1184
The pigeonpea core collection developed at ICRISAT genebank consists of 1,290 accessions from 53 countries. The core collection,
which includes selected lines in extra early, early, medium and late maturity groups was evaluated for 18 qualitative and
16 quantitative characters during the 2004 rainy season, to assess the phenotypic diversity and determine the relative importance
of different characters in evaluating pigeonpea germplasm accessions. The four maturity groups differed significantly for
all characters under study. The medium maturity group showed significantly higher mean number of primary, secondary and tertiary
branches, number of racemes, pod bearing length, pods per plant, shelling percent and plot seed yield. Late maturity group
showed significantly higher mean for leaf size, plant height, pod length, seeds per pod and 100-seed weight, indicating this
group as a good source of vegetable pigeonpea. Significant positive correlations were found between number of secondary branches
and pods per plant in extra early group (r = 0.756), late maturity group (r = 0.776) and entire core (r = 0.728) and between number of racemes and pods per plant in all maturity groups and entire core. Principal coordinate and
principal component analysis showed that seven qualitative and nine quantitative traits were important in explaining multivariate
polymorphism. The Shannon–Weaver diversity index (H′) varied for different maturity groups and traits. Phenotypic diversity, averaged over all the 16 characters, increases from
extra early group (0.36 ± 0.04) to late maturity group (0.42 ± 0.04) suggesting that medium and late maturity groups have
greater diversity compared to extra early and early maturity groups. 相似文献
15.
为提高蚕豆优势组合的选配效率,以6个蚕豆材料(P1~P6)为亲本,采用Griffing完全双列杂交配制30个组合,分析亲本和F1的9个主要农艺性状的杂种优势、配合力和遗传力。结果表明,蚕豆产量相关农艺性状的杂种优势明显,分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数、每荚粒数、百粒重和单株产量的超亲优势为正值,株高、始荚高和主茎节数的超亲优势为负值。配合力效应分析表明,P1和P2为选育大粒高产的优良亲本,P1×P2和P4×P6符合高产的育种目标,P2×P5和P2×P6符合大粒的育种目标;遗传力分析表明,百粒重、每荚粒数和单株粒数的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力均较高,可以相对稳定地遗传给后代,且这3个性状主要受加性效应控制,适宜进行早代选择,其他性状主要受非加性效应影响;主要性状与单株产量的相关分析表明,蚕豆育种应将单株荚数和单株粒数作为重点目标;通径分析表明,在育种过程中应重点关注分枝数、株高、百粒重、每荚粒数等农艺性状。本研究为蚕豆育种进程中的亲本选配和后代选择提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(16):2023-2032
ABSTRACTIn this study, effects of foliar boron treatments on yield and yield components of fenugreek plants were assessed with the aid of principal component analysis (PCA) analysis. Experiments were conducted over the experimental fields of Erciyes University Agricultural Research and Implementation Center during the summer growing seasons of the years 2017 and 2018. Gürarslan fenugreek variety was used as the plant material of the experiments. Four different foliar boron (H3BO3) doses (control, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg lt?1) were applied to fenugreek plants. Plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length, the first pod height, thousand-seed weight, biological yield, seed yield, and harvest index were measured. Variance analysis revealed that only the seed yield of 2017 was significant (p < .05) and the other parameters were not found to be significant (p > .05). PCA analysis was performed to classify and characterize boron doses based on yield and yield components of fenugreek plants. PC1 and PC2 explained about 82% in total variation in 2017 and about 83% in 2018. In both years of the experiments, the greatest biological and seed yields were obtained from 800 mg lt?1 boron treatments. Therefore, 800 mg B lt?1 was recommended to get high seed yield from fenugreek plants. 相似文献
17.
Conserving Vicia faba germplasm as a pure line collection requires reliable information of the selfing process. Previous knowledge about the effects of selfing was elaborated on the context of new data. In our study we increased the number of entries, 95 entries from the major, equina and minor groups were studied. The selfing process has been quantified by means of univariate as well as multivariate techniques. Effects of selfing on floral, yield and yield distribution traits were investigated by comparing two levels of selfing in open pollination conditions and in cages to exclude insects. Univariate analysis shows that selfing process results in plants with lower seeds per plant, seeds and ovules per pod and pod length. As selfing progressed there was change in yield distribution traits, the number of the lowest pod bearing node, the number of nodes between the first flower and the first pod increase and the number of nodes with pods decreases. Multivariate analysis indicates that: a) self-pollination profoundly influences plants performance and the three levels of selfing studied are clearly different; b) There is continuum pattern of change from one level of selfing to the another; c) The main characteristics that contributed to the separation among the levels of selfing varies with the botanical group. d) There was no significant contribution to the discrimination among levels of selfing of number of seeds per plant in the major group. Our results are relevant to the management of faba bean germplasm collections and enhance the formulation of integrated strategies of faba bean germplasm multiplication. 相似文献
18.
W. H. Ntundu S. A. Shillah W. Y. F. Marandu J. L. Christiansen 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(2):367-378
A field experiment was conducted in Tanzania for two seasons to assess the genetic diversity of bambara groundnut landraces
based on morphological characters. One hundred accessions collected from a wide range of agricultural zones in the country
were evaluated in a 10 × 10 triple lattice block design at Maruku station in Bukoba, Tanzania. For the qualitative characters
evaluated, considerable morphological variations were observed for growth habit, pod shape and pod colour. Quantitative morphological
characters such as peduncle length, number of leaves per plant, terminal leaflet width, terminal leaflet length, petiole length,
plant spread, plant length, pod width, seed length, seed width, number of pods per plant, shelling percentage and days to
50% flowering showed significant variation among accessions for the two test seasons. Multivariate analysis for 15 quantitative
morphological traits that showed significant variation indicated that the first four PCs with eigenvalues ≥1 accounted for
63.0 and 65.0% of the total variance among the accessions during the two test seasons, respectively. The most important loadings
for PC1 and PC2 for the two seasons were terminal leaflet width, terminal leaflet length, petiole length, plant spread, plant
height and pod length, pod width, seed length, seed width, numbers of pods per plant. Cluster analysis grouped bambara groundnut
accessions into three major groups with respect to their geographic origins. Based on this present study, bambara groundnut
landraces from Tanzania displayed a considerable diversity for morphological and agronomic traits useful for germplasm management
and utilization into crop improvement. 相似文献