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零磁空间诱变是一种地面模拟空间零磁场的诱变育种方法。为研究零磁空间处理对紫花苜蓿生长特性的影响,以4种紫花苜蓿种子为试验材料,经零磁空间处理180 d后,测定种子活力,并以当代试材为对象,研究其农艺性状及生理指标变化。结果表明,零磁空间诱变对苜蓿种子萌发具有抑制作用,而对幼苗苗长和根长的影响因品种不同而异;零磁空间诱变处理对供试品种农艺性状的影响也不同,诱变处理抑制了驯鹿和龙牧806苜宿株高,而促进了肇东和敖汉苜蓿株高,提高了所有供试品种的分枝数以及生物产量,降低了茎叶比,而对干鲜比影响不明显。经诱变处理后植株叶片过氧化物酶活性显著提高,过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性因品种不同变化不同,丙二醛浓度变化不明显。表明诱变变异因品种自身特性不同而异,通过诱变处理可以改良当代苜蓿农艺性状。本研究结果为后代选育有益变异株系提供了技术参考。 相似文献
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长期的生产实践证明挖掘新的抗病资源、鉴定和利用抗病基因是防治稻瘟病最为经济有效的策略。因此,挖掘新的抗病资源以改良水稻品种的抗病持久性,是当前稻瘟病抗病育种的当务之急。空间诱变育种在创造优异新种质、诱导新的基因资源和培育农作物新品种上已发挥其独特的优势和作用,是农作物遗传改良的新途径,是未来作物育种新技术的重要组成部分。实践证明,空间诱变手段可对水稻品种的稻瘟病抗性进行有效改良,且已育成多个抗稻瘟病优良品种。本文对近20多年来水稻空间诱变抗稻瘟病育种研究现状进行概述,如空间诱变水稻稻瘟病抗性变异特点、空间诱变抗稻瘟病育种成果以及空间诱变稻瘟病抗性变异机理等,以期为进一步揭示空间诱变变异机理和开展水稻空间诱变抗病育种工作奠定理论基础。 相似文献
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EMS诱变是创造突变体,创新种质和品种改良的有效手段。为探讨化学诱变剂EMS对胡麻种子的诱变效应,设置5个EMS浓度和4个处理时间对5个胡麻品种进行诱变处理。结果表明,EMS诱变处理对不同胡麻品种农艺性状的影响差异比较大,变异比较丰富。在不同胡麻品种间,EMS诱变对种子出苗期、成苗数的影响存在差异, 在不同籽粒颜色的品种间差异更显著。胡麻植株表型变异出现了黄化苗、畸形花、花瓣不展开、花瓣颜色变异株、分茎和分枝多,茎扁平、簇头、早熟、不育等类型,这些变异丰富了胡麻突变体库;通过EMS诱变产生的突变体,可为胡麻品种改良和种质创新提供优异资源。 相似文献
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空间环境诱变育种对改良苜蓿品种具有重要作用。本文系统介绍了空间环境诱变主要因素、空间环境诱变苜蓿生物学效应及育种应用进展,并对苜蓿空间环境诱变育种前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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采用空间诱变技术选育特早熟晚粳新品种航天36 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用返回式卫星搭载晚粳品种丙1067进行空间诱变处理,诱变后代结合抗性鉴定和糙米外观品质鉴定,育成优质特早熟晚粳新品种航天36。航天36在熟期、米质和抗病性上比原始对照品种丙1067有明显改良,耐迟播性强,从正常的单季播期可以一直持续到7月底,是理想的救灾备灾品种。2006年该品种通过浙江省品种审定委员会审定,适用于浙江省及长江中下游稻区。航天36的选育成功表明空间诱变为同步改良晚粳稻多个性状提供了新的有效途径。 相似文献
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利用返回式人造卫星搭载早籼品种中优早 3号干种子 ,研究比较其用不同剂量γ射线辐照对水稻的生物学效应。结果表明 ,空间诱变对M1 代成苗率、苗高和结实率的生理损伤明显比γ射线辐照轻 ,M2 代诱发的叶绿素缺失、株高及抽穗期突变的频率不及 30 0Gyγ射线处理。对空间诱变种子进行离体培养 ,叶绿素缺失和株高突变的频率有较大提高。空间诱变种子的愈伤组织经辐照处理后 ,绿点分化率和绿苗分化率下降 ,M2 的叶绿素缺失、株高及抽穗期突变频率超过空间诱变与离体诱变单独处理之和 ,也不同程度高于 30 0Gyγ射线辐照 相似文献
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Amomum tsao-ko Crevost & Lemarié is an important crop that has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and daily diets for a long time. In this study, the genetic diversity and relationships of eight cultivated populations of A. tsao-ko grown in Southwest China were examined using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The results showed that 139 (99.29%) of 140 and 185 (99.46%) of 186 bands were polymorphic by SRAP and ISSR primers amplification, respectively. The polymorphic information content of detected bands were 0.270 (SRAP) and 0.232 (ISSR), respectively. The average Nei’s gene diversity (H?=?0.217) and Shannon’s information index (I?=?0.348) at the species level generated by SRAP primer were higher than those by ISSR analysis (H?=?0.158, I?=?0.272). Genetic differentiation coefficients and molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) indicated that the genetic variance of A. tsao-ko mainly occurred within populations rather than among populations. The high genetic identity among populations was revealed by SRAP (0.937) and ISSR (0.963). Using UPGMA cluster analysis, principal coordinate analysis, and population structure analysis, the accessions were categorized into two major groups. Overall, results obtained here will be useful for A. tsao-ko germplasm characterization, conservation, and utilization.
相似文献12.
丹参遗传多样性的SRAP标记分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
相关序列扩增多态性(SRAP)是一种新发展起来的分子标记。试验通过建立优化的丹参SRAP反应体系,从88对引物组合中筛选得到36对多态性引物组合,对生长在四川中江、陕西商洛、山东临沂、安徽亳州和安徽凤阳5个丹参主产区的6个丹参种群进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明:36对多态性引物组合共产生782条多态性条带,平均每个引物组合产生21.7条多态性条带,显示了较高的多态性。应用NTSYS软件聚类分析36对引物组合的扩增结果,供试材料分为两大类,Jaccard’s遗传相似系数在0.6774~0.8225之间,说明SRAP技术可有效地应用于丹参的遗传多样性及亲缘关系的研究。 相似文献
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Xiao-ming Wu Bi-yun Chen Guangyuan Lu Han-zhong Wang Kun Xu Gao Guizhan Yunchun Song 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(7):1011-1022
Mustard (Brassica
juncea) is an important crop in both ancient and modern world. It has a broad resource of genetic diversity that is used primarily
as oilseed but as vegetables, condiment and medicines also. Its superior tolerance to adverse environments, e.g., drought,
high temperature and low fertility suggests its better adaptability in future possible harsh environments. Chinese vegetable
mustard displays a wide spectrum of morphotypes. A collection of 95 accessions of B. juncea representing oil and vegetable mustards from China, France, India, Pakistan, and Japan were assessed to determine diversity
at the molecular level using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP). Eight SRAP primer combinations identified a total
of 326 scorable fragments of which 161 were polymorphic (49.39%). The percentage of polymorphism for each primer combination
varied from 21.88 to 66.67%. Both Shannon-Weaver and Simpson genetic diversity index indicated that the level of genetic diversity
within vegetable mustard is much higher than within oil mustard, and also winter oil mustards are genetically more diverse
than spring oil mustards. Based on the Cluster and Principal Coordinates analysis, which were conducted on the similarity
matrix of SRAP marker data, vegetable, spring oil and winter oil mustard were clearly divided into three distinct groups and
among these three groups, spring and winter oil mustard are geneticlly closer than vegetable mustard. This suggests that bilateral
gene exchange between oil and vegetable gene pools in the breeding program will effectively elevate the genetic potential
in developing higher yields, more disease resistance, better quality and better adapted lines. 相似文献
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Xiaoping Ren Jiaquan Huang Boshou Liao Xiaojie Zhang Huifang Jiang 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(6):903-913
The Arachis genus is native to South America, and contains 70–80 described species assembled into nine sections. A better understanding
of the level of speciation and taxonomic relationships is a prerequisite to the effective use of Arachis species in peanut breeding programs. Forty-eight genotypes representing 19 species in 6 sections were evaluated to assay
the genetic variability within and among species, and 10 recombinant lines and those parents were identified with introgression
of Arachis species chromosome segments into A.
hypogaea genome using SRAP markers. Sixty of sixty-four SRAP primers tested were selected for DNA amplification reactions. A dendrogram
and principal component analysis were constructed based on 353 SRAP polymorphic bands of the accessions. The number of scored
polymorphic bands per each primer combination varied from 1 to 25 with an average of 5.9 per reaction. Estimates of genetic
distance among the 48 accessions Arachis species ranged from 0.11 to 0.76. A-genome accessions 475845 (A. duranensis), and 331197 (A. villosa) were most closely associated to A.
hypogaea. The first two PCAs accounted for 77.74% (62.02 and 15.72%) of the total variation observed and separated the different genomic
groups. SRAPs also identified introgression of Arachis species chromosome segments into A.
hypogaea. genome with 10 recombinant lines and those parents. The present results indicated that SRAPs can be used to determine the
genetic relationships among species of the different sections of the genus Arachis and to identify introgression of Arachis genus chromosome segments into A.
hypogaea genome. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Elsholtzia splendens Naki has been identified as a copper (Cu) geobotanical indicator. In this study, the effects of Cu supply levels (control, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 mg kg1) on the growth and Cu accumulation in E. splendens were studied in one pot experiment. The results showed that no reduction in shoot height and dry weight was noted when the plants were grown at Cu supply levels up to 1000 mg kg?1 in soil. Slight stimulation on shoot growth was noted at Cu levels ≥ 100 mg kg?1. Copper concentration in shoots and roots increased with increasing Cu levels, and reached a maximum of 1751 and 9.45 mg kg?1 (DW) at 1200 mg Cu kg?1. The amount of Cu accumulated in the roots and shoots were 313 and 22 μ g plant?1 at external Cu levels of 1000 and 800 mg kg?1, respectively. The shoot/root Cu ratios ranged from 0.005 to 0.008 and more than 92% of the total Cu taken up by E. splendens was accumulated in roots. Furthermore, Cu concentrations in roots and shoots were significant and positively correlated with total soil Cu, water, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), ammonium (NH4)-acetate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) extractable Cu. These results indicate that E. splendens can considered as a Cu tolerant and accumulated plant, and root is the major part for accumulation of Cu in E. splendens. 相似文献
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In a series of experiments, plants of Salvia splendens ’St. John's Fire’ were sprayed to run‐off with NH4NO3 solutions that varied from 0.10–1.87 M (0.8–15.0% NH4NO3). Damage to young fully expanded leaves was determined by measuring percent visually estimated necrosis, leakage of UV (264 nm) absorbing constituents, K, Ca and phosphate, and post‐treatment dry weight:fresh weight ratio. The average correlation coefficient of percent visually estimated necrosis was 0.992 with leakage of UV absorbing constituents, 0.956 with leakage of phosphate, 0.951 with dry weightfresh weight ratio, 0.919 with leakage of Ca and 0.741 with leakage of K. Leakage of UV absorbing constituents consistently provided the best correlation with the visual degree of leaf burn. 相似文献
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通过对环青海湖区退化芨芨草群落的土壤容重和有机碳含量的测定分析,确定了退化芨芨草群落的土壤碳密度特征。结果显示,重度退化芨芨草群落的土壤容重显著大于中度退化芨芨草群落的土壤容重。重度退化芨芨草群落土壤有机碳含量普遍低于中度退化芨芨草群落,特别是两者表层土壤有机碳含量差异极为显著(p0.001)。在0—100cm剖面上,中度退化芨芨草群落土壤有机碳含量总体呈减少趋势,重度退化的则呈现减少和先增加后减小的两种变化趋势。芨芨草群落土壤有机碳密度跟有机碳含量变化趋势一致;芨芨草群落土壤有机碳主要集中在0—30cm土层,中度和重度退化下该深度土壤有机碳密度分别为7.35和2.92kg/m2,占整个剖面有机碳密度的57.45%和63.06%;环青海湖区中度和重度退化芨芨草群落剖面土壤有机碳密度为12.79和4.63kg/m2。 相似文献
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Zhi Gang Wu Xiao Xia Li Xin Chun Lin Wu Jiang Zheng Ming Tao Nitin Mantri Chuan Yin Fan Xiao Qing Bao 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2014,61(3):639-650
Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is widely cultivated in China and many landraces are maintained by local farmers. However, there is little information available about their diversity and species identity. In this study, inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) techniques were used to assess genetic diversity within 21 yam landraces from seven cultivated populations. We observed high level of polymorphism among these landraces, specifically, 95.3 % for ISSR and 93.5 % for SRAP. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a significantly greater variation among the four yam species (40.39 %) and their populations (35.78 %) than within the populations (23.83 %). The unweighted pair group method arithmetic averages clusters and principal component analysis for 21 landraces formed four well-separated groups containing landraces of each of the four species, namely, Dioscorea opposita Thunb., Dioscorea alata L., Dioscorea persimilis Prain et Burkill, and Dioscorea fordii Prain et Burkill. The ISSR and SRAP primers were highly discriminatory among the 21 landraces; all 21 landraces could be easily differentiated using these primers. The average mean of gene flow (Nm = 0.1081) estimated from high genetic differentiation (Gst = 0.8222) suggested that gene flow among the populations was relatively restricted. The lack of genetic diversity within individual yam species suggests that it is critical to develop long-term strategies for enhancing genetic diversity within various yam species. 相似文献
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为探讨丹参种子航天诱变的生物学效应 利用实践八号育种卫星搭载丹参种子 返回地面后进行田间种植观测 分别从生育时期种子活力地上部形态特征根部性状结实性状分析丹参航天诱变的生物学效应 利用SRAP标记技术分析了材料在DNA水平上的变化。结果表明：航天搭载造成了DNA水平上的变异 提高了种子的发芽率和出苗率 促进了幼苗的发育 开花期提前 促进了花苔长度和花蕾数的增加 抑制了叶片生长 总体上促进了根部性状和种子性状的变异 除冠幅花轴长度外 增大了各性状的变异系数。丹参种子航天诱变的生物学效应可为丹参种质改良和品种选育提供参考。 《核农学报》2009,23(6):947-950
为探讨丹参种子航天诱变的生物学效应,利用实践八号育种卫星搭载丹参种子,返回地面后进行田间种植观测,分别从生育时期、种子活力、地上部形态特征、根部性状、结实性状分析丹参航天诱变的生物学效应,利用SRAP标记技术分析了材料在DNA水平上的变化。结果表明：航天搭载造成了DNA水平上的变异;提高了种子的发芽率和出苗率,促进了幼苗的发育,开花期提前;促进了花苔长度和花蕾数的增加,抑制了叶片生长;总体上促进了根部性状和种子性状的变异,除冠幅、花轴长度外,增大了各性状的变异系数。丹参种子航天诱变的生物学效应可为丹参种质改良和品种选育提供参考。 相似文献