共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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以重庆市园林事业管理局花园式屋顶绿化和重庆市风景园林规划设计院简单式屋顶绿化为研究对象,以未屋顶绿化为对照,通过分析比较屋顶绿化在降温、增湿和阻滞颗粒物等方面的生态效应.结果表明,屋顶绿化的生态效应明显,花园式屋顶绿化明显优于简单式.降温效应：简单式日均降温2.81℃,花园式日均降温4.54℃,最大降温效应高达9.35％;增湿效应：简单式日均增湿7.97％,花园式日均增湿11.32％,最大增湿效应高达15.09％;阻滞颗粒物效应：简单式阻滞悬浮颗粒物效应平均为5.99％,花园式平均阻滞效应为8.92％,最大阻滞效应高达16.19％.以花园式屋顶绿化综合生态效应为最高. 相似文献
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以昆明市4条主要道路的15种常见绿地树种为试材,通过实地调查及测量,对其叶片的降温增湿能力进行了分析比较。结果表明:不同树种的降温增湿能力差异很大,其中云南樟的降温增湿效果最好,日释水总量达到1 195.56g/m2,日降温度数为0.22℃;常春藤的日降温度数最低,仅为0.09℃;广玉兰的日释水总量最低,仅为505.44g/m2;不同植物在同一道路和同一植物在不同道路的降温增湿能力不同,所测的15种绿地树种降温能力大小依次为:云南樟(0.22℃)香樟(0.21℃)天竺桂(0.157℃)小叶女贞(0.15℃)紫叶李(0.14℃)红叶石楠(0.13℃)滇朴(0.12℃)银杏(0.118℃)八角金盘(0.11℃)小叶榕(0.10℃)常春藤(0.09℃),而杜鹃、广玉兰、茶梅和山茶的降温能力差别不大,都在0.09℃左右;增湿能力大小依次为:云南樟(1 195.56g/m2)香樟(1 086.39g/m2)紫叶李(749.16g/m2)小叶女贞(743.31g/m2)天竺桂(726.66g/m2)红叶石楠(698.94g/m2)滇朴(664.56g/m2)八角金盘(623.52g/m2)银杏(617.58g/m2)杜鹃(586.98g/m2)小叶榕(580.02g/m2)茶梅(539.46g/m2)山茶(524.70g/m2)常春藤(506.51g/m2)广玉兰(505.44g/m2);综合降温增湿能力总体上来说是:常绿乔木落叶乔木灌木。因此在道路绿化中,在考虑美化环境的同时,为提高道路绿地的生态效益,应多选用常绿乔木等降温增湿能力强的树种搭配种植。 相似文献
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通过对成都市屋顶绿化植物种类及其生长情况进行实地调查,采用5分制评价法对成都市屋顶绿化植物的适应性进行综合评价。结果表明:在成都市屋顶绿化应用的169种植物中,生长良好与较好的植物有141种植物,占总数的83%;而在这141种中,可用的观花植物有76种,芳香植物11种,藤本植物14种,彩叶植物9种。最后探讨了成都市屋顶绿化存在的问题,并提出了发展建议。 相似文献
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为了探讨屋顶绿化的生态效益,2013年7月选取重庆市园林事业管理局花园式屋顶绿化作为研究对象,以无绿化植物的屋顶水泥地作为对照,进行“乔-灌”、“灌-草”和草坪三种不同植物配置模式的气温、空气相对湿度、地表温度和空气中负氧离子含量测定。研究结果表明,屋顶绿化具有重要的生态效益,且不同植物配置模式的生态效益有较大差异。降温幅度为“乔－灌”（3．60℃）〉“灌～草”（2．68℃）〉草坪（1．43℃）,增湿幅度为草坪（29．42％）〉“乔-灌”（17．68％）〉“灌-草”（9．46％）,对地表温度的降低程度“乔－灌”（25．55℃）〉草坪（20．67℃）;屋顶绿化空气负氧离子含量此对照高33．73ions／m^3。 相似文献
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不同行道树降温增湿及滞尘效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以海南热带海洋学院(三亚校区)校园行道树优势树种高山榕、大叶相思、印度胶树、菩提树、非洲楝、火焰木、马占相思、香樟、鸭脚木、小叶榄仁、垂叶榕、隆缘桉为研究对象,比较了乔木绿化树种的降温增湿和滞尘能力。结果表明:在相同环境生长的种龄相当的树种,降温增湿效应不同,高山榕、大叶相思、印度胶树的降温增湿能力最好;降温增湿效应比较差的是隆缘桉、小叶榄仁和垂叶榕。不同树种的滞尘能力也有差异,其中滞尘能力较强的乔木树种是火焰木、菩提树、高山榕和印度胶树。该研究结果对校园绿化和城市行道树的规划选择都具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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针对轻型屋顶绿化的降温效果,做了简单的论述。应用绿化屋顶,其和遮阳屋顶等相比,有着较强的优势。在冬日其保暖升温效果显著,外表面温度较高。在夏季具有显著的降温效果。屋顶绿化后,能够充分发挥材料的降温隔热作用。同时利用绿化工程的蓄水功能,可实现温度调节,综合功能较多。 相似文献
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以苏州市紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica L.)、桂花(Osmanthus fragrans(Thunb.)Lour.)、紫叶李(Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.‘Atropurpurea’Jacq.)、日本晚樱(Prunus lannesiana Wils.)和腊梅(Chimonanthus praecox(L.)Link.)等5种常见的群植小乔木为研究对象,研究其对降温增湿效应和对PM2.5的消减效应。结果表明:5种群植小乔木中,紫薇和桂花的降温效应相对明显,日本晚樱和紫薇的增湿效应明显;紫薇对PM2.5消减效应最为明显;5种群植小乔木综合降温增湿效应由大到小依次为:紫薇日本晚樱紫叶李桂花腊梅。其降温增湿效应与PM2.5消减效应的相关性分析表明,群落内部的降温增湿效应与PM2.5消减效应显著相关;该研究结果为植物配置结构的优化及城市生态环境的改善提供了科学依据及可能的途径。 相似文献
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本文详细介绍了金叶莸的形态特征、生态习性,具体阐述了金叶莸在绿化及园林中的应用,包括绿篱植物、配色植物、降温增湿植物、粉尘净化植物,并从抗寒耐热、抗盐碱和抗旱三方面探讨了金叶莸在未来的发展趋势,以期进一步推广。 相似文献
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Human preferences for the species in urban greening have greatly facilitated the spread of non-native species, resulting in the homogenization of urban plant communities across spatial scales. We selected 11 major cities along the Yangtze River in China and examined the species composition in their urban plant communities. We found that China’s urban plant communities are becoming homogenized, as urban communities of different cities are highly similar to each other despite the geographical separation. Meanwhile, these artificial communities we investigated have diverged greatly from the natural communities at both the city and the geographic scale. We recorded a total of 91 woody species that have been used in urban greening in all 11 cities. Of those species, 27% were cultivars and introduced species, and 25% were being used outside of their native distribution ranges in China. This may be explained by the market and urban planners who tend to favor greening plants that are highly profitable and have aesthetic ornamental traits, rather than spending time introducing and acclimatizing the native species in each city. Given the current trend of homogenization, measures that recognize the importance of native species should be emphasized with comprehensive urban planning strategies. 相似文献
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不同栽植模式下枣树叶片蒸腾速率与环境因子的相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解不同栽植模式下枣树叶片蒸腾速率与环境因子的关系,以3a生灰枣(Zizyphus jujube cv.Huizao)为试材,选取种植模式分别为1 185株/667m2 (0.5 m×0.75 m×1.5 m)、888株/667m2 (0.5 m× 1.5 m)、333株/667m2(1 m×2 m)、111株/667m2 (1.5 m×4 m)的枣园,在红枣幼果发育期,用CID-340光合分析仪测定枣树的蒸腾速率(Tr)以及光合有效辐射(PAR)、气温(AT)、大气相对湿度(RH)并进行相关性分析.结果表明:不同栽植模式下枣树蒸腾速率(Tr)日变化不同,模式3的蒸腾速率最高,为4.87 mmol·m-2·s-1,各模式之间差异显著(P＜0.05);蒸腾速率(Tr)与光合有效辐射(PAR)、气温(AT)显著正相关,与大气相对湿度(RH)无显著相关性,111株/667m2 (1.5 m×4 m)模式下,蒸腾速率随温度的变化影响较大;枣树不同栽植模式对枣树树体蒸腾速率有很大的影响,333株/667m2(1 m×2 m)模式下树体蒸腾速率强于其它各模式,有利于树体对光能的利用,增加“源”的强度. 相似文献
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Urbanization has been greatly accelerated by the economic growth in China, while its possible effects on woody plants, bird species and their associations are not well defined yet. Here, we analyzed urban-rural gradients (landscape level: urban-farmland-forest-natural reserves; city level: ring road and urban build-up history) and temporal data (1955–1980–2014 for woody plants; 1980s–2010 s for birds) in Harbin city, China, to investigate the changes in the composition and diversity of woody plants and birds during urbanization. Both landscape gradient and temporal data confirmed that urbanization had the function of species conservations with sharp increases of alien species and tropical type plants. In the case woody species, 60-yr urbanization in Harbin had induced increases of 9 families and 17 genera, and there were 7–20 more families, 12–35 more genera, 1.6–2.6 higher Margalef richness in urban areas than those in nature reserves and local forest farms; Increases in alien species (4-fold in 60-yr urbanization; 21% in urban area vs <2% for non-urban region) and tropical type plants (1.6-fold in 60-yr urbanization; temperate/tropical ratio at 1.2 in urban area vs >1.6 in non-urban area) were mainly responsible for these compositional changes, which can be proved by their significant correlations. Moreover, moderate disturbance had peak values in alien species, tropical type plants, Shannon-wiener diversity, Margalef richness index and Pielou evenness index, and both ring road- and buildup history gradients showed the similar tendency. Compared with those in 1980s, forest- and eurytopic-habitats birds increased 9–11 species (23–39%), and omnivorous, insect-eating, and phytophagous bird increased 5–9 species (14.1–29.4%) in those in 2010s, indicating that bird temporal changes were closely related with the changes in urban forests owing to food supply and habitat provision. Our findings could provide data for biodiversity evaluation of urbanization effects, and is also useful for ecological re-construction of local cities in China. 相似文献
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Grant S. Joseph Colleen L. Seymour Graeme S. Cumming Zacheus Mahlangu David H. M. Cumming 《Landscape Ecology》2013,28(8):1505-1516
At finer scales, spatial heterogeneity can influence fire intensity and severity. To test whether Macrotermes termite mounds act as fire refugia for woody plants, we assessed effects of fire on individual plants, woody plant structure and composition in a miombo woodland in Zimbabwe, where elephants have decreased tree cover, leading to increased grass cover, fuelling greater intensity fires. We compared exposure to fire on 47 paired mound-matrix plots at three sites. Mound-based woody plants were less exposed to fire than those in matrix positions. Woody species composition differed between mound and matrix, and there were more tall trees on mounds. We assessed grass cover, elephant damage, fire damage and resprouting response for all woody plants found on 10 paired mound-matrix plots that had been equally exposed to severe late dry season fires. Grass cover was three times greater for matrix sites, where 85 % of woody species experienced heavy fire damage, compared to 29 % for mounds. Matrix species were nearly 31 times more likely than mound species to exhibit a vigorous resprouting response after fire damage, all else being equal. The distinct composition of termitaria vegetation has been attributed to edaphic factors. To this should be added the fire-retardant properties of mounds, allowing woody species that might otherwise have been excluded, to persist in a fire-prone system. Thus, spatial pattern created by termitaria is reinforced through exclusion of fire, allowing different species composition and structure. Since termitaria are important for productivity and biodiversity, the refuge effect is significant for the system. 相似文献