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冬小麦精播高产栽培技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
冬小麦精播高产裁培是一套完整、综合、配套的栽培技术。旨在减少基本苗,培育壮苗,控制无效分蘖和过多的有效分蘖,建立合理的群体结构,利用群体自动调节能力,提高成穗率和单株成穗数获得高产。我市1987~1988年推广面积154.5万亩,平均亩产415.5公斤,较常规田增产13.9％。每公斤小麦成本精播田为0.288元,比常规田降低10.6％;亩纯收入精播田为84.14元,比常规田增 相似文献
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小麦超稀播一般每亩节省各子７－１０公斤，增产１０％左右，其增产机理是充分利用了小麦营养生长期长的特点，使得群体消长平稳，个体健壮，最终因“一减（减少用种量）”造成三增（增成穗率，增粒数，增千粒重）”而获得高度，即个体生产力得到了充分的开发。 相似文献
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本文选用３个不同类型的小麦高产品种于１９９４－１９９７年进行超高产栽培条件下了最精播密度研究。结果表明：在较低播种密度下，中穗多穗型品种具有显著增产优势；在较高播种密度下，大穗少穗型品种具有显著增产优势；大穗较多穗型品种在介于上一者之间播种密度时具有显著增产优势。同一类品种的不同播种密度间产量差异显著。大穗少穗型、大穗较大穗型和中穗多穗型３种类型品种的最佳精播密度分别为２７０万株／ｈｍ＾２、２２５ 相似文献
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超稀播高倍繁殖小麦原种技术研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
小麦原种超稀播一般每亩可节省种子5－10kg,增产10％以上，其增产机理是充分利用营养生长期长的特点，群体消长平稳，个体健壮，最终变“一减（减少用种子量）”为“三提高（提高成稳率、穗粒数和千粒重）”而获得高产，繁育系数提高到200多。 相似文献
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栽培技术对小麦产量的调节效应 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
摘要：小麦的产量不仅受品种遗传特性的影响,而且与生态环境和栽培措施有密切关系,科学实验研究结果表明：种植密度、播期、氮素运筹、灌水等栽培措施都对小麦的高产优质起着至关重要的作用,适宜的种植密度可以提高超高产小麦生育期间,增加光合产物的合成与积累,协调产量构成三因素,实现超高产：在小麦适播期范围内适当早播,能延长灌浆时间,有利于增加粒重,提高产量;而拔节期和孕穗期追氮能在保证足够穗数基础上,提高粒数和粒重,是实现产量突破的重要原因;灌水量和灌水时期对强筋小麦产量具有显著的调节效应。 相似文献
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播期、密度和氮肥运筹对高产品种-淮麦33产量和品质的调控 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了明确高产小麦品种淮麦33优质、高产、高效栽培的群体调控和氮肥管理策略,以淮麦33为材料,研究了播期、密度、施氮水平和基追比对其籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明,播期和密度对淮麦33的籽粒产量均有显著影响。5个播期中,10月11日播种的籽粒产量最高,10月1日、10月21日亦可以取得较高产量,10月31日播种产量明显下降,11月10日播种产量下降最多。密度为225万?hm-2时产量最高。蛋白质含量也随着密度的增加和播期的推迟呈上升趋势。同时,增加氮肥用量和后期施肥比例不仅可以提高淮麦33产量,亦可以增加蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉淀值。综合分析,在本试验条件下,10月11日播种、225万?hm-2基本苗、施氮量300 kg?hm-2,氮肥运筹5:3:2时淮麦33产量最高,品质最好。 相似文献
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超晚播条件下密度和追氮时期对淮北地区小麦产量及品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为了实现安徽淮北地区晚播小麦高产优质栽培,以目前该地区种植面积最大的强筋小麦品种‘烟农19’为材料,采用两因素随机区组设计,研究了小麦超晚播（11月21日,较适宜播期晚30天左右）条件下,密度、追氮时期对小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明：密度和追肥时期对超晚播小麦籽粒产量影响差异显著,以密度450×104株/hm2、孕穗期追肥处理的产量最高,为7846.5 kg/hm2。密度对穗数和穗粒数影响显著,每公顷穗数随着密度的增加而增加;穗粒数随密度的增加而减少。追氮时期对千粒重影响显著,随追氮时期的推迟而增加。增加密度和推迟追氮时期,旗叶叶片光化学最大效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ的活性(Fv/Fo)提高,增大了PSⅡ的潜在活性,有利于叶片所吸收的光能较充分地用于光合作用。追氮时期对小麦品质的影响差异显著,随着追氮时期的延迟,蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉降值呈增加趋势,试验结果表明推迟追肥至孕穗期可以改善超晚播条件下强筋小麦的籽粒品质。 相似文献
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播期和播量对冬小麦‘临远8号’产量形成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为确定冬小麦‘临远8号’的适宜播期和播量,采用田间裂区设计,按每小区固定1 m长势均匀的样段,测得不同发育时期小麦群体数量。每小区成熟时选取麦穗30个,测得穗长、穗粒数、结实小穗数。待籽粒晒干后,测得千粒重和籽粒产量。结果表明：（1）小麦群体性状呈现随播期推迟总茎数减少,随播量增大总茎数增多的趋势。（2）随播期推迟,穗粒数和千粒重呈先增加后降低的趋势。随播量增加,穗粒数和千粒重逐渐降低。（3）随播期推迟和播量增加,籽粒产量先增加后降低,10月5日播种,播量为300×10 4粒/hm 2产量最高为8722.58 kg/hm 2,10月12日播种,播量为375×10 4粒/hm 2产量次之为8678.25 kg/hm 2。播期是引起小麦产量和产量结构变化的主要因素。‘临远8号’的最佳播期为10月5日至10月12日,播量为300×10 4粒/hm 2至375×10 4粒/hm 2。 相似文献
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The influence of sowing date, seed rate, and variety on agricultural characteristics of winter wheat in a low external input system
Growth conditions of winter wheat in agricultural low external input systems, e.g. ecological agriculture, are very different compared to conventional agriculture (mineral nutrition, impact of diseases, competition of weeds). In 1986, 1987, and 1988 the influence of sowing date and seed rate on crop development and grain production was studied with two varieties of winter wheat in field experiments in Northern Hessia.
Drilling after the first decade of October decreases grain yield of both varieties significantly. The decrease was due to poor emergence, low plant densities, and low grain weights. Tillering could not compensate low plant densities, presumably because of low mineralization of nutrients in cold soils during respective growth stages.
Variation of seed rate (350, 500, and 650 viable seeds/m2 ) had little influence on grain yield. Low plant densities and low numbers of ears per nr after sowing in the end of October could not be improved satisfactorily by increased seed rates.
The ability of varieties of winter wheat to compensate unfavourable growth conditions due to "late" sowing varies considerably. Cultivars which are able to develop a high plant density seem to be more suitable for delayed sowing dates, as compared to varieties which own a high grain weight.
Further investigations concerning wheat production are needed to optimize agricultural low external input systems. Especially sandy soils with quick response to increased ambient temperature, and sites with favourable growth conditions in late autumn and early spring should be considered. 相似文献
Growth conditions of winter wheat in agricultural low external input systems, e.g. ecological agriculture, are very different compared to conventional agriculture (mineral nutrition, impact of diseases, competition of weeds). In 1986, 1987, and 1988 the influence of sowing date and seed rate on crop development and grain production was studied with two varieties of winter wheat in field experiments in Northern Hessia.
Drilling after the first decade of October decreases grain yield of both varieties significantly. The decrease was due to poor emergence, low plant densities, and low grain weights. Tillering could not compensate low plant densities, presumably because of low mineralization of nutrients in cold soils during respective growth stages.
Variation of seed rate (350, 500, and 650 viable seeds/m
The ability of varieties of winter wheat to compensate unfavourable growth conditions due to "late" sowing varies considerably. Cultivars which are able to develop a high plant density seem to be more suitable for delayed sowing dates, as compared to varieties which own a high grain weight.
Further investigations concerning wheat production are needed to optimize agricultural low external input systems. Especially sandy soils with quick response to increased ambient temperature, and sites with favourable growth conditions in late autumn and early spring should be considered. 相似文献
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K. Waloszczyk 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1991,166(4):238-248
Results of yield formation at ecological oriented winter wheat cultivation on Calcic Chernozem soil in arid areas
The influence were examined in field experiments of wheater elements (air temperature, precipitation), nitrogen fertilization, sowing rate and irrigation on the yield and yield formation of winter wheat stands. The average level of yields amounts to 81.3 dt/ha (76…93.8 dt/ha). Limiting factor for yields is the availability of water in the soil. In humide seasons 9…12 % higher yields were obtained then in dry seasons. Without nitrogen fertilization yields of winter wheat are lower by 18 % than with nitrogen fertilization. At very high level of N fertilization only vegetative biomass increases, and the water use efficiency decreases.
Increase in plants/m2 caused a rise of vegetative biomass and of ears/m2 , kernels per ear strongly decreased in the same time. At winter wheat cultivation in low input farming systems without nitrogen fertilization high yields will be obtained with 320…370 plants/m2 and 15,000 kernels/m2 . Nitrogen uptake from the soil amounts to 180 kgN/ha. Because of great amounts of inorganic in the soil (70…200 kgN/ha) sufficient nitrogen is available until heading of the wheat plants. The nitrogen supply of wheat plants in later stages of development is influenced by wheater conditions. 相似文献
The influence were examined in field experiments of wheater elements (air temperature, precipitation), nitrogen fertilization, sowing rate and irrigation on the yield and yield formation of winter wheat stands. The average level of yields amounts to 81.3 dt/ha (76…93.8 dt/ha). Limiting factor for yields is the availability of water in the soil. In humide seasons 9…12 % higher yields were obtained then in dry seasons. Without nitrogen fertilization yields of winter wheat are lower by 18 % than with nitrogen fertilization. At very high level of N fertilization only vegetative biomass increases, and the water use efficiency decreases.
Increase in plants/m
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