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1.
我国主要森林生态系统类型降水截留规律的数量分析 总被引：92，自引：0，他引：92
通过对大量林林生态系统水文生态功能研究资料的分析，从林冠层、枯枝落叶层和土壤三个森林水文生态功能的发挥最主要的层次出发，比较分析了我国主要森林生态系统类型的降水截留规律。 相似文献
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滇中高原区主要森林类型枯枝落叶层对降雨的截留功能 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
枯枝落叶层是森林植被对降雨再分配的第２作用层,对土壤发育有重要影响的层次。在实测本区主要森林类型枯枝落叶量及其持水能力的基础上,采用１００ｍ＾２最大截留能力、１００ｇ枯枝落叶最大持水能力及最大持水率等指标对不同森林类型枯枝落叶量,组成及其发育情况进行了综合评价。 相似文献
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对萧氏松茎象不同危害程度湿地松林地的枯落物及土壤物理性质比较研究结果表明:枯落物及腐殖质层厚度对萧氏松茎象危害程度的影响最大,其次是枯枝落叶干质量和土壤含水量,枯枝落叶含水率和吸水率影响最小,即枯落物及腐殖质层越厚,枯枝落叶越多,土壤湿度越大的林区,萧氏松茎象发生越重。单因素分析表明:枯落物及腐殖质层厚度、枯枝落叶干质量和土壤质量湿度与有虫株率的相关关系均达到显著水平。萧氏松茎象有虫株率火炬松和马尾松林发生林地明显低于湿地松发生林地。与不发生林地相比,发生林地的土壤更湿润,土壤的保水能力更好,孔隙度更高,石砾含量相对较低。 相似文献
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四川米亚罗地区高山冷杉林水文作用的研究 总被引：34，自引：2，他引：34
本试验旨在研究森林与水的关系,探讨高山原始森林的水文效益。通过对降雨量,冷杉林林冠截留量,苔藓、枯枝落叶层的蓄水性能,土壤含水量,土壤、植被的蒸散量的实测及对森林和采伐迹地二个小集水区流量的对比观测,阐明了该区的高山原始森林调节水分,涵养水分的作用。同时,本试验研究也为该地区林业的合理经营,开发利用,提供水文方面的重要科学数据。 相似文献
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此项研究的目的在于深入了解森材水文生态效应,为充分发挥山地森林涵养水源保持水土的作用提供依据。研究方法采用常规观测法作定点研究并进行了广泛调查。分别在崂山和徂崃山观测了日本落叶松林、日本花柏—落叶松林、赤松林、油松林、侧柏林和刺槐林等森林群落的林冠截留降水率、枯枝落叶层吸水率和林下土壤吸水量,都获得了定量结果。 相似文献
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山杨枯枝落叶的水文水保作用研究 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：20
山杨枯枝落叶的水文水保作用研究赵鸿雁，吴钦孝，刘向东（中国科学院西北水土保持研究所，水利部西北水土保持研究所杨陵７１２１００）关键词山杨，枯枝落叶，水文，水土保持自１８６８年巴乌尔研究森林枯枝落叶的持水性以来到目前，国内外关于枯枝落叶的研究已发表了许... 相似文献
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黄土高原几种枯枝落叶吸水机理研究 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
用浸水法研究了枯枝落叶吸水机理。结果表明：枯枝落叶的吸水过程有３个特点：开始浸水时吸水量和吸水率大；浸水３ｈ后吸水率变小；２４ｈ基本保持不变。吸水的动态模型不因枯枝落叶种类而变化，均为二次抛物线，该方程有极大值，此值是反映枯枝落叶水文特性的主要特征值。 相似文献
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植被护坡主要是依靠坡面植被地下根系的力学效应和茎叶的水文效应来实现的。本文通过对乔木层、灌木层、草本层和枯枝落叶层的降雨截留、削弱溅蚀等水文作用机制的研究,构建了公路边坡植被降雨截留和所消减的降雨动能的理论模型。 相似文献
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天然次生白桦林凋落物的分解及其生态效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1988～1990年间以长白山支脉张广才岭帽儿山老爷岭生态站天然次生白桦林为研究对象,对林分凋落物的积累,组成与分解进行了定位观察研究。结果表明,38年生白桦林凋落物的现存量为13.644t/ha,其中叶为10.49t/ha,枝为2.58t/ha,树皮、种实、动物尸体及粪便等仅为0.57t/ha,年凋落盈为3.38t/ha,年分解量为0.633t/ha,年分解率为18.7％。 相似文献
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凋落物是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,其分解过程是森林生态系统养分循环的重要环节。准确测定凋落物的分解动态,对研究森林生态系统的格局和过程非常重要。本文的工作在贡嘎山高山生态系统观测试验站开展,对海拔3 000 m的峨眉冷杉(Abies fabri)林进行定位观测,并对峨眉冷杉林凋落物分解过程进行了长期测定。研究结果表明:(1)凋落物的分解速率是阔叶>针叶>枯枝,峨眉冷杉林的阔叶、针叶和枯枝等凋落物分解一半所需要的时间分别为6.8年、10.5年和14.5年,分解95%所需时间分别为29.3年、45.6年和63.1年;(2)无论阔叶还是针叶、枯枝,其有机碳含量均随着时间的推移而下降,而有机碳分解率均随着时间而增高;利用指数衰减模型,获得凋落物有机碳的分解系数是阔叶>针叶>枯枝;(3)在每年凋落物输入峨眉冷杉林林地时,其中的阔叶、针叶和枯枝已经开始分解,当年可释放的有机碳分别为52.18 kg·hm^-2、4.32 kg·hm^-2和0.67 kg·hm^-2,各类凋落物每年有机碳释放总量为61.13 kg·hm^-2,占凋落时有机碳量的6.58%。 相似文献
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Karin Hansen Lars Vesterdal Inger Kappel SchmidtPer Gundersen Lisbeth SevelAnnemarie Bastrup-Birk Lars Bo PedersenJørgen Bille-Hansen 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009
Canopy litterfall is a significant pathway for return of nutrients and carbon (C) to the soil in forest ecosystems. Litterfall was studied in five even-aged stands of Norway spruce, Sitka spruce, Douglas-fir, European beech and common oak at three different locations in Denmark; two sandy sites, Ulborg and Lindet in Jutland, and one loamy site, Frederiksborg on Zealand. Litterfall was collected during three years from 1994 to 1996 in all five species and during six years from 1994 to 1999 in Norway spruce, Sitka spruce and European beech. The average total litterfall was in the range of 3200–3700 kg ha−1 yr−1 and did not differ significantly among tree species. There were no significant differences in total litterfall among sites during the short period, but during the longer period the richer site Frederiksborg had significantly higher total and foliar litterfall amounts compared to the more nutrient-poor sites Lindet and Ulborg. There were close relationships between foliar and total litterfall suggesting that foliar litterfall can be reliably estimated from total litterfall. Beech and oak bud scale litter was significantly related to foliar litterfall. The amount of branch and twig litter was significantly higher in oak than in other tree species. The average foliar litterfall was well related to the annual volume increment. The relationship differed markedly from previously reported relationships based on global litterfall data suggesting that such relationships are better evaluated at the regional level. Nutrient concentrations and fluxes in foliar litterfall were not significantly different among the five tree species. However, there was a significant effect of site on most nutrient concentrations of the three litterfall fractions, and foliar fluxes of P, Ca and Mn were all significantly highest at Frederiksborg and lowest at Ulborg. The similarity in litterfall inputs to the forest floor under these five tree species suggested that previous reports of large variability in forest floor accumulation should primarily be attributed to differences in litter decomposition. 相似文献
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小良热带人工混交林的凋落物研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研讨了小良热带人工混交林１０年的凋落量及其季节和年际动态，并对其现存凋落量进行了初步研究，结果表明：小凋落物总量年均为５．５３９ｔ／ｈｍ＾２；凋落量的季节变化明显，一般以湿季的７月为凋落高峰；少于其年均凋落量，处于分解大于积聚的周转过程中。 相似文献
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燕山东段森林群落枯落物现存量平均为４．３５－２８．６７ｔ／ｈｍ＾２，以山杨混交林、松栎混交林、椴树混交林最高，栎林和油松林次之，侧柏林最低。灌木群落枯落物现存量平均为４．１５－１８．９４ｔ／ｈｍ＾２，低于森林群落。森林枯落物现存量受树种组成、年龄、立地条件及人为干扰的影响。其中，人为干扰影响最大，几乎使枯落物损失殆尽。森林枯落物营养元素总贮量０．１７６－１．５３４ｔ／ｈｍ＾２，最大贮水量３．９－５ 相似文献
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橡胶间种砂仁模式下凋落物的特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
文章研究了橡胶＋砂仁胶园间种模式凋落物的年凋落总量和节律、凋落物组成、分解速率、营养元素及养分释放。结果表明：橡胶林下间种砂仁的胶园凋落物具有较多的热带季雨林的特征，总凋落量为７．６５ｔ／ｈｍ２·ａ，与海南岛山地雨林相近；凋落物组分中明显较高的叶含量形成了橡胶＋砂仁模式自己独特的凋落物组分比值；占凋落物总量３９．７％的砂仁枯落物，在胶砂复合生态系统的养分归还上占有十分重要的地位。 相似文献
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Carbon Return and Dynamics of Litterfall in Natural Forest and Monoculture Plantation of Castanopsis kawakamii in Subtropical China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Guo Jianfen Xie Jinsheng Lu Haoliang Liu Dongxia Yang Yusheng Chen Guangshui 《中国林学(英文版)》2004,6(1):33-36
The amount of carbon returned through litterfall and its seasonal pattern were studied in a natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF) and adjacent monoculture plantations of C. kawakamii (CK) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) (CF) in Sanming, Fujian Province, China. Mean annual carbon return through total litterfall over 3 years (from 1999 to 2001) was 5.097 t穐m2 in the NF, 4.337 t穐m2 in the CK and 2.502 t穐m2 in the CF respectively. Of the total carbon return in the three forests, leaf contribution accounted for 58.96%, 68.53% and 56.12% and twig 24.41%, 22.34% and 26.18%, respectively. The seasonal patterns of carbon return from total litterfall and leaf-litter were quite similar among the three forests. A peak of carbon input from litterfall in the NF and the CK occurred in spring except for the highest annual C return through branch litter of the NF in summer, while the CF showed the maximum C return in summer. The results of this study demonstrate that the natural forest has a greater C return through litterfall than monoculture plantations, which is beneficial to the increase of soil organic matter storage and the maintenance of soil fertility. 相似文献
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Leena Finr 《Forest Ecology and Management》1996,80(1-3):1-11
The amount and nutrient content of the above-ground litterfall was followed for 9 years in an unfertilized, PKMgB and NPKMgB fertilized Scots pine stand growing on a drained ombrotrophic bog in eastern Finland. The annual litterfall on unfertilized plots was 1995 kg ha−1, of which needles accounted for 74%. The effective temperature sum (threshold value + 5°C) explained 99% of the annual variation in the amount of needle litterfall when the data from one atypical year were excluded from the analysis. Nutrient concentrations were, except for Fe, higher in needle litter than in the other litterfall fractions. Nitrogen, P and K concentrations were low in autumn, and those of Ca and Mn high, possibly owing to variation in the mobility of elements during senescence. The annual litterfall input of N to the soil was 12.4 kg ha−1, and the corresponding values for P and K were 0.08 kg ha−1 and 1.81 kg ha−1, respectively. Fertilization reduced needle litterfall in the first year after treatment, but had no effect thereafter. The amount of other litterfall fractions was not affected by fertilization in any of the 9 years of the study. Nitrogen, P, K and B concentrations increased in the needle litter after both fertilization treatments. The results indicate long-term cycling of fertilizer nutrients on the site. 相似文献
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辽河源国家森林公园的天然油松林 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对辽河源国家森林公园天然油松林的结构、林木蓄积、死地被物贮量及其最大持水量进行了调查与研究.结果表明：油松林的植物种数为25种;林木蓄积量为655.410 m3/hm^2,死地被物贮量为17.7 t/hm^2 ;最大持水量为37.3 t/hm^2. 相似文献
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农田防护林人工生态系统物质循环与能量流动研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文通过大量观测资料,分析了毛白杨林网人工生态系统的物质循环与能量流动过程,结果表明:该系统的生物量可达42.0334t/ha,生产力达24.3950t/ha,年枯落物量为0.5545t/ha,归还率为35.72％。氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、锰6种元素的平均循环率为15.28％,比单一农作物群落提高了9.53％;太阳能转化率为2.14％,比农作物群落提高了3.19％。 相似文献