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1.
沙棘柔性坝影响下砒砂岩沟道土壤水分空间变异分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根据典型砒砂岩区内蒙古鄂尔多斯准格尔旗境内植有沙棘柔性坝的东一支沟道与无任何植物的对比沟道的表层(0-30cm)土壤含水量数据,运用地统计学方法分析与探讨了沙棘对砒砂岩区小流域沟道土壤水分小尺度空间变异的影响。结果表明:沙棘可明显提高砒砂岩区小流域沟道土壤含水量;沙棘柔性坝沟道与对比沟道土壤含水量具有明显的空间变异特征,沙棘柔性坝沟道土壤含水量在1-6m变程内具有中等程度的空间自相关性,对比沟土壤含水量在1-5m变程内具有较高的空间自相关性;土壤含水量分数维值表明,沙棘柔性坝沟道土壤含水量的空间依赖性比对比沟的要弱些;沙棘对小尺度土壤水分空间分布格局及其异质性有显著影响。应当指出的是,虽然降雨是土壤含水量空间自相关与分布格局影响的主要因素,但干旱条件也不容忽视,在长时间地表蒸发及植物蒸腾作用下,沟床表层土壤含水量空间变异性会进一步加强,且在一定程度上会影响沟床表层短根系及一年生草本植物的生长与分布。  相似文献   

2.
中国沙棘在砒砂岩地区的克隆性能与环境解释   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对砒砂岩地区不同立地类型、不同林龄的人工沙棘林克隆苗木与环境关系的对比研究,研究表明:经DCCA排序的结果显示,砒砂岩区的环境复杂多变,沙棘的克隆性能受多个环境因子的影响;林龄、坡向、土壤类型、速效钾、速效磷是所有因子中对沙棘克隆性能起决定性作用的环境因子;沙棘林从第3年开始萌蘖幼苗,5年时达到最大值,之后开始迅速下降,7-8年下降趋势较为平缓。  相似文献   

3.
砒砂岩区沙棘人工林生态系统服务功能评价指标权重初探   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
沙棘人工林是晋陕蒙砒砂岩区主要的退耕还林树种之一,在砒砂岩区生态环境治理中发挥着重要作用。通过理论分析、频度分析、专家咨询法构建了砒砂岩区沙棘人工林生态系统服务功能评价指标体系,运用AHP法、G1法、变异系数法确定各指标权重值,应用博弈论综合赋权法将主、客观权重进行组合,得到综合权重。结果表明:土壤侵蚀模数、土壤固氮速率、根系土壤层蓄水量、土壤固钾速率、植物物种丰富度等指标权重较大;应用博弈论综合赋权法可以更全面和客观地解决权重的确定问题,结果合理可行,方法具有通用性,可为综合评价砒砂岩区沙棘人工林生态系统服务功能提供依据。  相似文献   

4.
为了深入研究沙棘"柔性坝"生态措施的阻水拦沙作用,在陕西眉县野外实验基地进行了沙棘"柔性坝"拦沙试验,分析与探讨了不同种植参数对砒砂岩沟道水流含沙量及粒径分布的影响。水流含沙量及粒径分布的沿程变化表明:不同参数下"柔性坝"含沙量的总体趋势为从上游到下游是逐渐减少的。坝体的上部位置含沙量逐渐减少,到了坝体中部含沙量则会增大,最后在坝体下部部位又逐渐减少,并且当坝长适中时拦沙效果才最显著,但随着坡度的不断变陡,拦沙的效果反而降低。沙棘"柔性坝"中,沿水流方向泥沙粒径呈递减趋势,并且对于粒径大于2.5μm的颗粒泥沙具有分选效果。文中研究有助于人们深入理解沙棘柔性坝滞流拦沙作用,为沙棘柔性坝这一生态工程在砒砂岩地区的推广提供理论依据。  相似文献   

5.
基于遗传神经网络的鄂尔多斯沙棘水土保持功能评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为明确砒砂岩区"沙棘生态工程"建设十年以来水土流失综合治理的成效,结合人工神经网络技术和遗传算法,构建了一个拓扑结构为6-16-1的GA-BP等级评价模型。该模型以沙棘水土保持功能评价指标数据作为输入,综合评价等级值作为输出,对鄂尔多斯人工沙棘林的水土保持功能进行综合评价。评价结果表明:经过数十年的生态建设,鄂尔多斯市五个旗(区)砒砂岩区的水土流失情况得到了较好的控制,各地人工沙棘林水土保持功能综合评价等级值依次为东胜区>准格尔旗>伊金霍洛旗>达特拉旗>杭锦旗。该模型符合精度误差要求,结果客观稳定,可为日后砒砂岩区沙棘生态工程的持续开展和管理提供有效建议。  相似文献   

6.
有机质是土壤肥力最重要的组分之一,是评价土壤质量和健康状况的重要指标。2006年试验测定了种植沙棘"柔性坝"的沟道内不同位置、不同深度的土壤有机质含量,同时与东一支沟左岸一条未种植沙棘的小支沟进行了对比分析。试验结果表明:坝内有机质的垂向分布不仅与土壤的发育过程和土层结构有直接联系,而且与土壤中的水分运移过程密不可分;种植沙棘"柔性坝"的沟道内土壤的有机质含量明显高于未种植沙棘"柔性坝"的对比沟道,而且在相同时期种植的沙棘"柔性坝"内不同取样点处的有机质含量总和相当接近;种植沙棘"柔性坝"的沟道内土壤异质性不显著,但与未种植沙棘的沟道相比,土壤的空间异质性较大,建议对这一问题应采用更大的空间尺度进行深入研究。  相似文献   

7.
基于VFSMOD模型的沙棘-灌草植被过滤带拦沙效果模拟   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
植被过滤带是拦截泥沙与地表径流的有效生物措施,其规划设计与众多因素有关。文中首先对VFSMOD(Vegetative Filter Strips Model)模型进行了简介,然后应用VFSMOD模型,主要对位于内蒙古砒砂岩典型地区-准格尔旗境内东一支沟小流域的沙棘-灌草植被过滤带对地表径流中泥沙的拦截效果进行了模拟。结果表明:所研究的植被过滤带带长为20~30m时,泥沙拦截效果最佳;植被过滤带的带宽为4~4.5m时,泥沙拦截效果较好;株距应设定在5~15cm之间较好,此时泥沙拦截率超过65.9%;泥沙拦截率与坡度呈负相关,即随着坡度的增加泥沙拦截率逐渐降低;糙率对泥沙拦截率影响较小,随着糙率的增大,泥沙拦截率逐渐趋于稳定值。本研究可为在砒砂岩地区,以沙棘植物为主体的混合植被过滤带的规划与设计提供理论依据。  相似文献   

8.
砒砂岩区沙棘林生态服务功能价值评估   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
基于实地调研和监测,依据《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》构建评价指标体系,参照国内权威部门公布的价格参数,运用市场价值法、影子工程法、机会成本法等方法定量评估了我国砒砂岩区沙棘林生态服务价值。结果表明:2010年砒砂岩区沙棘林涵养水源、保育土壤、固碳制氧、积累营养物质、净化大气环境、森林防护、生物多样性保护生态服务总价值为91.03×108元,其中保育土壤价值最高,其次为生物多样性保护和涵养水源价值,三者价值量分别为56.66、17.69、6.41×108元,占生态服务功能总价值的88.71%。从研究区域来看,准格尔旗的生态服务功能价值最高,其次是东胜市和府谷县,三者价值量分别为28.41、21.21、14.21×108元,占总服务功能价值的70.12%。研究还发现,生态服务单位面积价值最高的是伊金霍洛旗,最低的是达拉特旗。砒砂岩区沙棘林单位面积生态服务价值为52848.83元.hm-2,高于全国森林单位面积生态服务价值51333.33元.hm-2的水平。  相似文献   

9.
鄂尔多斯砒砂岩力学特性的试验研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
砒砂岩区强烈的侵蚀、流失和边坡稳定问题与砒砂岩的力学性质有着密切的关系,其力学性能就是砒砂岩发生一系列地质问题的内在原因.文中针对内蒙古鄂尔多斯市准格尔旗砒砂岩原状土体进行不同含水率下的直剪试验及无侧限抗压强度的试验.研究结果表明:砒砂岩抗剪强度与取样边坡角度、含水率的变化密切相关.90°方向砒砂岩抗剪切能力最强;含水率对砒砂岩的抗剪强度影响显著;粘聚力随含水率增加呈对数规律急剧降低;内摩擦角随含水率增加呈线性下降,变化幅度平缓.砒砂岩抗压强度随含水率的增大呈对数规律急剧降低,直至消失.且在含水率低于7%时,砒砂岩表现极强的岩性特征,其抗压强度的应力应变曲线符合萨恩斯模型.  相似文献   

10.
毛乌素沙地复配土壤水分特征曲线模型筛选研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对国家增加可利用土地、降低水土流失的需求,利用复配土壤对风沙土进行改良,是实现毛乌素沙地治理、区域生态修复的重要手段。测定不同复配比例土壤的水力学性质,并进一步筛选出合适复配土壤使用的水分特征曲线模型,运用高速离心机法测定对复配土壤水分特征曲线,环刀法测定复配土饱和导水率,并对比不同水分特征曲线模型对于不同比例复配土壤的模拟效果。研究表明:相同土壤水吸力下,添加砒砂岩处理的土壤含水率均高于纯风沙土处理;复配比例中砒砂岩含量越高,土壤保水性越高;当砒砂岩与风沙土复配比例高于5:1后,土壤水分特征曲线与纯砒砂岩差异不大;低吸力阶段,砒砂岩的添加减少了土壤中大孔隙的比例,而在中高吸力阶段,砒砂岩的添加增大了土壤中小孔隙的比例,进而提高土体的持水能力。模型适宜性分析结果表明,能够适配各处理的非饱和导水率模式最优模型为van Genuchten模型;砒砂岩与沙复配比例高于1:5后,Gardner模型的相关系数从0.9473上升至0.9929,残差平方和0.041降低至0.010,模拟效果逐渐超越van Genuchten模型,间接推求公式Arya-Paris模型物理概念明确,但影响因素过多,相较经验公式拟合效果不佳。  相似文献   

11.
Soil erosion on the Loess Plateau of China is effectively controlled due to the implementation of several ecological restoration projects that improve soil properties and reduce soil erodibility. However, few studies have examined the effects of vegetation restoration on soil properties and erodibility of gully head in the gully regions of the Loess Plateau. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of vegetation restoration on soil properties and erodibility in this region. Specifically, a control site in a slope cropland and 9 sites in 3 restored land-use types(5 sites in grassland, 3 in woodland and 1 in shrubland) in the Nanxiaohegou watershed of a typical gully region on the Loess Plateau were selected, and soil and root samples were collected to assess soil properties and root characteristics. Soil erodibility factor was calculated by the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator method. Our results revealed that vegetation restoration increased soil sand content, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic matter content and mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregate but decreased soil silt and clay contents and soil disintegration rate. A significant difference in soil erodibility was observed among different vegetation restoration patterns or land-use types. Compared with cropland, soil erodibility decreased in the restored lands by 3.99% to 21.43%. The restoration patterns of Cleistogenes caespitosa K. and Artemisia sacrorum L. in the grassland showed the lowest soil erodibility and can be considered as the optimal vegetation restoration pattern for improving soil anti-erodibility of the gully heads. Additionally, the negative linear change in soil erodibility for grassland with restoration time was faster than those of woodland and shrubland. Soil erodibility was significantly correlated with soil particle size distribution, soil disintegration rate, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, water-stable aggregate stability, organic matter content and root characteristics(including root average diameter, root length density, root surface density and root biomass density), but it showed no association with soil bulk density and soil total porosity. These findings indicate that although vegetation destruction is a short-term process, returning the soil erodibility of cropland to the level of grassland, woodland and shrubland is a long-term process(8–50 years).  相似文献   

12.
以设在山西省阳高县的大型径流观测场为依托,以2005-2009年的野外实测数据为依据,研究了晋北黄土丘陵区人工植被与鱼鳞坑配合的蓄水保土及土壤水分效应,并与荒坡、苜蓿地进行了对比。结果表明:在观测的5年内,柠条、沙棘、油松的蓄水保土能力随种植年限延长无明显增加趋势,但鱼鳞坑的蓄水能力和保土能力分别高达84.7%~96.0%和95.2%~99.7%;荒坡和苜蓿(Medicago sativa)第一年和第二年的蓄水保土能力较差,第三年和第四年随植被盖度增加能力急剧增强,第四年蓄水能力分别达82.8%和91.2%,保土能力达97.0%和98.0%;土壤水份分析结果表明:不同小区4~9月土壤水分变异系数为7.0%~19.1%,油松区变异系数最大,其次为沙棘、苜蓿和柠条区,荒坡区和裸坡区变异较小,不同小区土壤水分亏缺率为23.98%~52.66%,亏缺顺序为柠条区>苜蓿区>油松区>沙棘区>荒坡区>裸坡区;林草植被有效地减少了水土流失,亦增加了土壤水分的变异及亏缺程度,应注意林草植被的合理选择和配置。  相似文献   

13.
沙棘植物柔性坝坝体变形初步分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文基于2005年在内蒙古准格尔旗西召沟小流域对已植的沙棘柔性坝进行野外调查,从植物生长角度对沙棘柔性坝坝体进行了纵向、横向、垂向(即沙棘柔性坝坝长、坝宽、坝高)的变形分析。对于沙棘柔性坝的坝长变化,主要从沙棘根系蘖苗萌生出发,分析得出其每年扩展约1m;柔性坝坝宽受沟宽限制,其发展趋势为扩展至满沟;柔性坝坝高变化采用三次函数和Logistic型函数两种具有“S”形特征的曲线进行拟合分析,经对比其变化过程服从Logistic型生长函数,并结合Logistic函数对沙棘植物柔性坝坝高的变化进行了具体意义的探讨。  相似文献   

14.
The rapid desertification of grasslands in Inner Mongolia of China poses a significant ecological threaten to northern China. The combined effects of anthropogenic disturbances(e.g., overgrazing) and biophysical processes(e.g., soil erosion) have led to vegetation degradation and the consequent acceleration of regional desertification. Thus, mitigating the accelerated wind erosion, a cause and effect of grassland desertification, is critical for the sustainable management of grasslands. Here, a combination of mobile wind tunnel experiments and wind erosion model was used to explore the effects of different levels of vegetation coverage, soil moisture and wind speed on wind erosion at different positions of a slope inside an enclosed desert steppe in the Xilamuren grassland of Inner Mongolia. The results indicated a significant spatial difference in wind erosion intensities depending on the vegetation coverage, with a strong decreasing trend from the top to the base of the slope. Increasing vegetation coverage resulted in a rapid decrease in wind erosion as explained by a power function correlation. Vegetation coverage was found to be a dominant control on wind erosion by increasing the surface roughness and by lowering the threshold wind velocity for erosion. The critical vegetation coverage required for effectively controlling wind erosion was found to be higher than 60%. Further, the wind erosion rates were negatively correlated with surface soil moisture and the mass flux in aeolian sand transport increased with increasing wind speed. We developed a mathematical model of wind erosion based on the results of an orthogonal array design. The results from the model simulation indicated that the standardized regression coefficients of the main effects of the three factors(vegetation coverage, soil moisture and wind speed) on the mass flux in aeolian sand transport were in the following order: wind speedvegetation coveragesoil moisture. These three factors had different levels of interactive effects on the mass flux in aeolian sand transport. Our results will improve the understanding of the interactive effects of wind speed, vegetation coverage and soil moisture in controlling wind erosion in desert steppes, and will be helpful for the design of desertification control programs in future.  相似文献   

15.
Hai ZHU 《干旱区科学》2019,11(5):685-700
Soil moisture is critical for vegetation growth in deserts. However, detailed dataregarding the soil moisture distribution in space and time in the Gurbantunggut Desert have not yet been reported. In this study, we conducted a series ofinsitu observation experiments in a fixed sand dune at the southern edge of the GurbantunggutDesert from February 2014 to October 2016, to explore the spatio-temporal variation of soil moisture content, investigate the impact of Haloxylonammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bungeon soil moisture content in its root zone, and examine the factors influencing the soil moisture spatial pattern. One-way analysis of variance,least significant difference testsand correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that the soil moisture content exhibited annual periodicity and the temporal variation of soil moisture content throughout a year could be divided into three periods, namely, a moisture-gaining period, a moisture-losing period and a moisture-stable period.According to the temporal and spatial variability, the 0-400 cm soil profile could be divided into two layers: an active layer with moderate variability and a stable layer with weak variability.The temporal variability was larger than the spatial variability in the active layer,and the mean profile soil moisture content at different slope positions displayed the trend of decreasing with increasing relative heightand mainly followed the order of interdunearea>westand east slopes>slope top.The mean profile soil moisture content in the root zone of dead H. ammodendronindividuals was significantly higher than that in the root zones of adult and young individuals, while the soil moisture content in the root zone of adult individuals was slightly higher than that in the root zone of young individuals with no significant difference.The spatial pattern of soil moisture was attributable to the combined effects of snowfall, vegetation and soil texture, whereas the effects of rainfall and evaporation were not significant. The findings may offer a foundation for the management of sandy soil moisture and vegetation restoration in arid areas.  相似文献   

16.
方楷  宋乃平  魏乐  安慧 《干旱区研究》2012,29(4):641-647
运用方差分析、多重比较、Pearson相关系数及克里格插值方法,在时间和空间尺度上分析了荒漠草原地形因素对土壤水分及草地生物量异质性的影响以及土壤水分和生物量的关系。结果表明:荒漠草原地区土壤水分垂直分布规律明显,土壤水分的变异系数在0~20 cm最小、60~80 cm最大;地上生物量在整个生长季的空间异质性较大。3种地形条件下土壤水分含量及时空分布格局各不相同,说明地形是土壤水分异质性的关键影响因子;地形对植物的生长动态规律影响很大,却对地上生物量的空间分异影响较小。不同生育期,土壤水分与地上生物量的关系不同,生长初期地上生物量与60~100 cm土壤水分显著负相关,说明生长初期的土壤水分是植物生长的关键影响因子,并且植物生长耗水主要来自60~100 cm土层;生长旺期和末期的生物量与土壤含水量相关性较弱,这可能与干旱区植物耐旱器官的建成有关。
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17.
准确、及时地获取大面积地表土壤水分信息在农业科学领域具有较大的应用潜力。本文以地域特色突出的广东省徐闻县为试验区,联合使用双极化ENVISAT-ASAR数据和光学遥感MODIS数据,充分利用MODIS数据的高重复覆盖率,提取试验日期内的归一化差分水指数(NDWI),计算各试验点所对应的植被含水量(VWC)数据,相较于NDVI,NDWI具有不易饱和的特点,更加适合于本次研究所在的高植被覆盖区。最后利用"水—云模型"从ASAR数据总的后向散射中去除植被的影响,建立裸土后向散射系数与实测土壤含水量之间的关系,拟合结果VV极化优于HH极化,相关系数为VV极化R=0.865,HH极化R=0.676,总体上针对农作物覆盖地表土壤水分变化的估算算法还需要更进一步发展和改进,以提高反演精度。  相似文献   

18.
土壤水分是沙地植被格局和过程改变的主要驱动力,也是干旱半干旱区植物生长最大的限制因子.沙漠地区的土壤水分表现出明显的空间异质性.以高寒半干旱沙地青海湖东沙地为研究区,以栽植人工固沙植物(小叶杨、樟子松、沙棘和乌柳)的沙丘和自然固定沙丘(沙蒿为优势种)作为研究样地,探讨不同固沙植物影响下的沙丘不同地貌部位土壤水分变化特征...  相似文献   

19.
黄土丘陵沟壑区陡坡微地形分布研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
水分是黄土丘陵沟壑区植被建设的主要限制因素,而陡坡的水分条件差,导致坡面上水分空间差异的微地形成为陡坡坡面植被恢复的关键因素。利用三维激光扫描全站仪实测陕西省吴起县合家沟流域的地形参数,以Arc GIS 9.2为平台,对切沟、浅沟、缓台、塌陷和陡坎5种微地形在陡坡坡面的分布情况进行了研究。结果表明:陡坡坡面微地形占坡面面积比例介于18%~30%,平均为23.13%;各类微地形占坡面面积比例平均值从大到小依次为切沟8.44%、缓台6.66%、浅沟5.00%、陡坎1.53%、塌陷1.52%;坡面坡向和坡面坡度是影响浅沟、切沟和塌陷占坡面面积比例的主要地形要素,陡坎占坡面面积比例主要受坡面坡度的影响,而坡面坡向与坡面坡度对缓台占坡面面积比例均没有明显的影响;不同坡向陡坡微地形占坡面面积比例大小顺序为:阳坡>半阳坡>半阴坡>阴坡,塌陷、浅沟和切沟占坡面面积比例为阳坡和半阳坡大于半阴坡和阴坡;陡坎、浅沟和切沟占坡面面积比例随着坡度的增大而减小、塌陷占坡面面积比例随着坡度的增大而增大。  相似文献   

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