共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 27 毫秒
1.
Callus induction and plant regeneration from anther and inflorescence culture of Sorghum 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Twenty-five inbred lines, including grain and forage types from the USA and China, two hybrids, one Sorghum almum, and one Parasorghum (S. versicolor) were tested for their response to anther culture. Three nutrient media were effective in inducing anther calli from six cultivars (Xin White, TX 403-TSB, DDY Sommer Milo, TX 2779, Brawley, and Spur Federal) and one was effective for plant regeneration for one cultivar, Xin White. Averaged over media, callus induction frequency (number of calli per 100 anthers) was highest in cultivars Xin White and TX 403-TSB (6.7 and 3.9%, respectively). The means of cultivars for media C17-2 and Ms-t-z-2, 4.3 and 3.2%, respectively, were superior to that for medium 85D3-2 (0.1%). Expressed as an average of the six cultivars and three media the mean calli induction frequency was 2.6%; however, differential responses of genotype and medium were noted. Among the 10 regeneration media tested, medium MS-d-4 containing Murashige and Skoog basal components plus 2.0 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 2.5 mg/l kinetin was the most effective for plant regeneration. Numbers of albino plants and calli developing only roots increased directly with callus-induction time, whereas the frequency of plant regeneration decreased. Regenerated plants had varied numbers of chromosomes in root tip cells: 10, 15, 20, 40, and 60. The 29 regenerated plants that reached maturity, however, were highly fertile and contained only 10 bivalents in pollen mother cells. Normal chromosome number and behavior for the regenerated plants suggest that induced calli originated from cells other than microspores. However, spontaneous chromosome doubling in microspore-derived haploids may occur. The appearance of albinos also implies that haploids may have been produced from anther culture.Joint contribution of the Dept. of Agronomy and USDA-ARS, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, KS 66506-5501, USA. Contribution no. 88-566-J. 相似文献
2.
To establish a plant regeneration system from embryogenic callus derived from mature rice embryos, the addition of aminoacids
and the effect of two macronutrient solutions MSD and N6D to the basal callus induction medium was tested in three Spanish
varieties, Senia, Tebre and Bahia. Aminoacids enhanced the production of embryogenic callus in Tebre and Senia whereas in
the case of Bahia, embryogenic callus, which gave rise to a high rate of differentiated shoots, was induced without aminoacids.
The macronutrient solution had also to be adjusted for each variety. Pre-regeneration treatment with ABA significantly improved
the regeneration rate in all media tested, independently of the media in which the embryogenic callus were induced. In a comparison
of growth regulators, BA yielded more shoots than Kin in all varieties whereas the effect of the auxins NAA or IAA was dependent
on the variety. Transgenic plants from the three varieties were obtained via an Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation system, using the optimised culture media.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Development of a technique for in vitro unpollinated ovary culture in rice, Oryza sativa L. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A simple and efficient technique for in vitro unpollinated ovary culture in rice which is also applicable for indica genotypes
was developed for breeding and genetic studies. Sampling explants at the auricle distance of 7–12 cm between the two uppermost
leaves of a tiller, providing a chilling pretreatment and ovaries with 1/3 of the hulls intact gave optimum response to culture.
For callus induction with the spontaneous breaking of ovaries, N6 media supplemented with NAA (2 mg/l) and DMSO (0.6–0.8%) gave a mean PCI value of 3.8% and range of 0.8–12.5% among genotypes.
Media combining 2,4,5-T or 2,4-D with NAA in N6 medium also has reasonably good callus induction. For calli induced inside, 2,4-D (0.2–0.5 mg/l), NAA (2 mg/l) and KT (1
mg/l) contained media were superior. The maximum green plant regeneration (PPR) of 77.3% was found with the medium containing
NAA 0.25 mg/l, IAA 0.5 mg/l and KT 2.0 mg/l. Significant genotype, medium and their interaction effects for per cent ovary
survival and callus induction were observed.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Anther culture of recalcitrant indica × Basmati rice hybrids 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
U. Bishnoi R.K. Jain J.S. Rohilla V.K. Chowdhury K.R. Gupta J.B. Chowdhury 《Euphytica》2000,114(2):93-101
Fertile, green, di-haploid plants were obtained at high frequencies from several indica × Basmati rice F1 hybrids and/or F2 plant populations using an improved anther culture procedure. Anthers from cold-pretreated (10 °C for 10 d) panicles of six indica (HKR120, HKR86-3, HKR86-217, PR106, Gobind andCH2 double dwarf) and two Basmati rice (Basmati
370,Taraori Basmati) varieties and 14 heterotic indica ×Basmati F1/F2 hybrids were cultured in modified agarose-solidified N6M, Heh5M and RZM media. Best callus induction frequencies (2.6–78%)
were obtained in RZM medium containing 4% (w/v) maltose,2,4-D, NAA and kinetin. F2 plants compared to F1 hybrids and parental rice varieties, were more responsive to anther culture. Androgenesis frequencies of 31–78% were obtained
for indica × Basmati F2 plants in RZM medium in just 30 d which are comparable to or higher than that reported for japonica rice varieties and hybrids
involving japonica rice parent(s). Agarose (1.0% w/v)-solidified MS medium containing 3.0% maltose, kinetin, BAP, and NAA,
induced green shoot regeneration in 0–51% of the anther-derived callide pending upon the genotype. High plant regeneration
frequencies (67–337 green plants per 1000 anthers)were obtained from anther calli of several F1hybrids (Gobind × Basmati 370 and HKR120 ×Taraori Basmati) and F2 plants (Gobind × Basmati370, Gobind × Taraori Basmati, HKR86-3 × TaraoriBasmati). A sample of 498 plants obtained from the
above hybrids, were transferred to pots with>90% survival; 8–78% of these plants had >5%spikelet fertility and were diploid.
In addition,18% of the haploid plants could be diploidized by submerging in 0.1% colchicine solution for 16–18 h. The improved
anther culture procedure reported here, resulted in several fold increase in the recovery of green plants from recalcitrant
indica × Basmati rice hybrids compared to previous published procedures. The study may accelerate the introgression of desirable
genes from indica into Basmati rice using anther culture as a breeding tool.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Summary A high frequency plant regeneration system via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis was established with callus cultures derived from mature zygotic embryos of different leek genotypes (Allium ampeloprasum L.). Four different callus types with varying morphogenetic potential were obtained. Relatively high concentrations of the auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid reduced callus weight and subsequent shoot regeneration and primordia formation of the callus. Shoot regeneration and primordia formation of the callus decreased after prolonged subculture on media containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. A callus growth period of six weeks on Murashige and Skoog medium with 0.25–0.5 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid showed the highest rate of shoot regeneration after transfer of callus to regeneration medium with 1 mg l-1 kinetin.Differences between leek genotypes in callus type, callus weight, shoot regeneration and primordia formation were observed. Histological observations showed that plant regeneration took place, both via the pathway of somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis.Abbreviation 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium 相似文献
6.
Homozygous doubled-haploid plantlets derived from anther culture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) are useful breeding materials. However, efficiency of an-drogenesis needs improvement. We used media (basic components, are the same as 85DI2) each containing one of the seven auxins [2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5–T), P-chloraphenoxyacetic acid (pCPA), 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), indole-3-butrytic acid (IBA), indole-3-acctic acid (IAA), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as a control] in combination with 6-furturyl-aminopurine (kinetin). In addition, each of the four cytokinins [6-benzylaminopurine (6-HA), 2-isopenlylnyl adenine (2-ip), 6-(4-hydroxy-3-meihylbut-2-enylamino) purinc (zeatin), and kinetin as a control] was tested in combination with 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Anthers containing microsporcs at miduninucleatc stage from live wheat cultivars (Angus, Centurk, Chris, K.itt, and Pavon 76) and two octoploid trilicale lines (T81, T82) were tested mainly for callus induction and polyhaploid production on each of the 11 media. The cultivar × medium interaction was not significant, When averaged over all growth regulators, Pavon was (he best cultivar which produced 14.4 % calli and 23 % polyhaploid plantlets. Averaged over all cultivars, the medium containing 2, 4-U produced the highest calli (13.9 %). Undifferentiated calli were regenerated on 87T1 medium, which contained IAA (1 mg/1) and kinetin (2 mg/1). 相似文献
7.
Summary Calli were obtained from mesocotyl explants of eight varieties of pearl millet using MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D. Variable frequencies of callus initiation were observed among the varieties. Plantlets were regenerated from the calli by transferring on to the medium devoid of auxins. Incorporation of coconut milk, Kinetin, IAA or NAA did not enhance either the callus initiation or growth rate or plantlet regeneration. The eight genotypes differed among themselves in callus growth rate and frequency of shoot bud production. 相似文献
8.
Thirteen different wild species of the genus Oryza were investigated for their response to anther culture and plant regeneration. Callus induction from microspores of anthers was found to be strongly dependent on the species. Although large numbers of anthers from wild Oryza species, including O. barthii, O. latifolia, O. australiensis, O. minuta, O. nivara, O. paraguagensis and O. eichingeri, were cultured, no calli could be obtained. However, calli were produced from anthers of O. punctata, O. perennis, O. alta, O. ridleyi and O. rufipogon, although the frequency of callus induction was different. Similar species-dependence was observed in plant regeneration from microspore-derived calli. In total, 62 plants were derived from anther culture, including 47 albino and 15 green plants (of which 26.7% were haploids) from O. perennis; for the first time, six albino plants were obtained from O. ridleyi. Phytohormone combinations in the callus induction medium were found to influence callus induction and different wild Oryza species exhibited their own preferred phytohormone combinations for anther culture. In general, NK medium containing suitable concentrations of auxin and cytokinin may be successfully applied for anther culture of selected wild Oryza species. 相似文献
9.
Haploidy breeding and mutagenesis for drought tolerance in wheat 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Several intraspecific crosses between known drought tolerant wheat varieties and stable high yielding recombinants were made
with the objective to develop improved cultivars for the moisture stressed rainfed areas of Pakistan. Five of these crosses
were selected for further creation of useful mutations through the application of low doses of gamma rays and development
of doubled haploids through anther culture. Anther culture response of the selected irradiated F1 generations was studied on liquid and solid induction media. The highest number of calli among almost all crosses was produced
on Potato-2induction medium. All the crosses varied greatly in response to callus induction and maximum calli (75%) were obtained
from Lyl-73/vee’s’ cross. Similarly, genotypic differences were found for green vs. albino regenerants. The highest number
of green plantlets (12.1%) was recorded for Lu-26/3062. From the developed doubled haploid population 25 DH-mutants were initially
selected and nine lines were finally included in multi-locational field tests. Two DH-mutants (i.e. DHML-50 and DHML-9) have
potential for better grain yield, earliness, disease resistance and moisture stress tolerance.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
T. Yamada 《Euphytica》1989,44(3):181-186
Summary Callus cultures were induced from hypocotyl sections of 24 varieties of white clover (Trifolium repens L.). The calli did not show any significant difference of growth among the varieties. After the calli has been transferred to three regeneration media, green-spot formation was observed on calli derived from some seedlings. Remarkable intra- and intervarietal variations in the emergence of green spots and some trends between the origin of varieties and the frequency of green spots were observed. In most cases, the green spots turned brown without showing further differentiation, and only two genotypes formed shoots. A callus from a seedling of the Swedish variety Undrom has sustained high levels of plant regeneration throughout 24 months of culture. Protoplasts derived from this selected genotype were divided into cell colonies. 8P (Kao, 1977) medium containing 0.5 mg/1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/1 kinetin was the most suitable medium for inducing divisions in protoplasts. When subcultured into solid B5 medium, the colonies produced calli, which when transferred to a regeneration medium, formed shoots. This genotype is expected to a useful subject for genetic engineering of white clover.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- 2ip
6-, -dimethylallylamino purine
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
11.
B. S. Ahloowalia 《Euphytica》1982,31(3):755-759
Summary A procedure for plant regeneration from callus culture of potato, Solanum tuberosum L. is described. Calli were induced from 1–2 mm long shoot apices of potato cultivars Cara and A25/19 on half-strength Murashige and Skoog's medium (half-MS) supplemented with 3.2 mg IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), 1.0 mg kinetin (6-furfurylamino)purine], and 0.5 mg 2,4-D [2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid]/1. Sixty percent explants produced nodular calli on this medium within 30 days. Calli differentiated into shoot-primordia when subcultured on half-MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg 2,4-D and 1.0 mg zeatin [6-(4-hydroxy-3-methybut-2 enylamino)amino purine]/1. Differentiated calli on half-MS medium without growth hormones produced complete plantlets which were cloned on the same medium and transferred into soil. 相似文献
12.
植物激素配比对大蒜茎盘愈伤组织再生体系的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
植物激素对大蒜茎盘愈伤组织再生的各个环节都发挥着重要的作用。试验结果表明：2,4．D对茎盘愈伤组织的诱导具有主要作用，高浓度的2，4-D有利于大蒜愈伤组织的诱导，但并不利于其增殖分化。MS＋NAA 2mg／L＋BA 1mg／L培养基适宜于愈伤组织的继代增殖，MS＋NAA 1mg／L＋BA 5mg／L培养基适宜不定芽的分化，只添加NAA或无激素的MS培养基有利于不定芽生根。 相似文献
13.
Optimization of mature embryo-based high frequency callus induction and plant regeneration from elite wheat cultivars grown in China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
We have developed an efficient procedure for plant regeneration of elite wheat cultivars using mature embryos. Firstly, we established the optimal combination of basal media, inoculation method and pretreatment method using biostatistical methods. The results indicated that the combination of MS medium and longitudinally bisected mature embryos showed the highest culture efficiency, whereas the pretreatment method had no significant effects on callus induction or plant regeneration. A 70% primary callus induction rate was achieved on MS medium containing 2 mg/l 2,4‐d for all tested cultivars. Primary calli were then transferred onto the subculture medium to initiate embryogenic calli. Supplementation of the subculture medium with the appropriate combination of phytohormones (2.0 mg/l 2,4‐d , 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA) significantly enhanced embryogenic callus production. The addition of AgNO3 (10 mg/l) in regeneration medium promoted plant regeneration, whereas CuSO4 stimulated root formation. The use of this protocol achieved successful plant regeneration in eight tested cultivars. The culture efficiency ranged from 15.3% to 36.8%, suggesting this regeneration system may be an effective alternative for wheat genetic transformation. 相似文献
14.
Doubled haploids have long been recognized as a valuable tool in plant breeding since it not only offers the quickest method
of advancing heterozygous breeding lines to homozygosity, but also increases the selection efficiency over conventional procedures
due to better discrimination between genotypes within any one generation. Ten cultivars of japonica rice and nine cultivars of indica rice were evaluated for androgenic response. Various doses (10–50 Gy) of gamma rays were applied to investigate the effect
of radiation on callus formation, green plant regeneration and the frequency of selected doubled haploid mutants. Similarly,
the effects of colchicine concentration (10–200 mg/l) on callus induction, regeneration and fertility of green plants were
observed. It was demonstrated that the dose of 20 Gy gamma rays and 30 mg/l concentration of colchicine have significant stimulation
effect on regeneration of green plants from rice anther culture. The high frequency of observed doubled haploid mutants indicates
that anther culture applied in connection with gamma rays is an effective way to improve rice cultivars.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Protocols of plant regeneration have been developed for Brassica carinata for creating somaclonal variation for plant type and adaptability, so that this species can fit into cropping systems in Indian agriculture. The response of cotyledonary and stem explants was assessed for callus induction and shoot regeneration on MS and B5 basal media containing different combinations of auxin and cytokinin concentrations. MS medium supplemented with BA and NAA favoured callus induction. Supplementing MS with combinations of BA and IAA, as also with BA alone, regenerated shoots from the ex pi ants with a high frequency. The frequency of shoot regeneration and the mean number of shoots per explant were higher in cotyledons than in stem explants on identical growth regulator combinations. On B5 medium, supplemented with BA (2 mg/l) and IBA (0.4 mg/l), compact callus was produced which regenerated shoots on transfer to medium containing BA (0.8 mg/l). Genotypic differences among carinata accessions for regeneration were also observed. 相似文献
16.
Summary Experiments upon in vitro culture of immature durum wheat embryos, harvested at different growth stages, were made in two consecutive years. Callus formation and plantlet regeneration were obtained. The ability to form callus and the degree of morphogenetic processes varied with the different hormonal treatments used and with the age of the embryos. In the first year the best response for callus growth was observed with 2,4-D 2 mg l-1 plus adenine 50 mg l-1 or 2,4-D 5 mg l-1 alone in the more mature embryos (15 and 20 days after anthesis). On the contrary, NAA 5 mg l-1 had a greater shoot regeneration effect. In the next year, at all 2,4-D concentrations and for the two different ages of the embryos tested, all embryos formed callus. Regeneration of plantlets was obtained in higher percentage in calli originated from the more developed embryos. The effect of changed media upon plantlet regeneration was studied after callus transplant.Investigation by cytophotometry and chromosome counts on different calli showed, practically in all cells, a diploid condition. A histological analysis demonstrated embryogenic somatic characteristics in many samples of callus. The pattern of organogenesis seemed to be via adventitious bud formation but structures resembling embryoids were also observed in the callus. 相似文献
17.
以5个栽培小麦品种诱导而来的成熟胚愈伤组织为外植体,研究了在分化培养基中加入NAA对小麦成熟胚愈伤组织分化的效果以及潮霉素浓度对不同阶段成熟胚愈伤组织分化的影响。研究结果表明,在对照的分化培养基中(含5mg/L激动素)加入0.1mg/L萘乙酸(NAA,1-naphthlcetic acid)形成的分化培养基,可显著提高4个供试小麦基因型的成熟胚愈伤组织的分化率,提高幅度达到12%～32%。不同的潮霉素浓度在"花培1号"愈伤组织的诱导阶段进行抗性筛选的结果表明,即使是在潮霉素浓度达到250mg/L时,仍有24%左右的愈伤组织存活率,这些存活的愈伤组织仍可能分化形成绿点甚至分化成苗,说明在"花培1号"愈伤组织的诱导阶段进行潮霉素抗性筛选是不适合的。5个不同小麦品种分化阶段进行潮霉素筛选具有明显的效果,但不同品种之间存在一定差异,其中:宁麦13的适宜潮霉素浓度为20mg/L,花培1号和扬麦158的适宜潮霉素浓度约为30mg/L,宁麦9和宁麦16的适宜潮霉素浓度在30～40mg/L左右。因此,我们认为,在分化阶段进行潮霉素抗性筛选是理想的筛选时期,在分化培养基中添加20～40mg/L浓度的潮霉素即可完全抑制小麦成熟胚愈伤组织的分化。本研究结果将有助于改进和完善普通小麦成熟胚遗传转化体系。 相似文献
18.
Summary A haploid breeding program was initiated to develop doubled haploid salt tolerant rice breeding line via anther culture. Two sensitive breeding lines BR4608-R1-R2 and BR4909-R1-R2 were crossed with a salt tolerant line IR13146-13-3-3 to transfer its salt tolerant character to the doubled haploids.Anther from confirmed F1s of the two crosses were cultured in defined medium for callus induction and eventual plant regeneration. Fifteen doubled haploid (DH) lines were obtained from two crosses. Test for salt tolerance were done in vitro. Five out of 15 lines were found tolerant at the level of 8–10 decisiemens/m (ds/m) while the rests were sensitive to that level of salinity.Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the doubled haploids under saline and non saline soil. Five salt tolerant lines produced comparable yield with the resistant control (BR 23) under saline condition, whereas these lines yielded even higher in non saline soil under irrigated condition when evaluated with other 10 sensitive DH linesAbbreviations LSD
Least Significant Difference
- NAA
Napthalene Acetic Acid 相似文献
19.
Summary Protocols for plant regeneration from cotyledon explant and anther cultures of Sinapis alba have been developed for creating doubled-haploids and somaclonal variation. Among the several cultivars tested in this study, only Arda responded well to in vitro plant regeneration both from anther-as well as cotyledoncultures. Multiple shoot formation in cotyledon explants, which always followed a brief callusing phase, was found to be the best on MS medium with ZEA (1.0mg/l) and NAA (0.1mg/l). Regeneration frequency declined sharply in the absence of auxin or presence of other cytokinins and/or auxin. The frequency of shoot regeneration also declined with reduction in the photoperiod to 16h. On MS + BAP (1.0mg/l) + NAA (1.0mg/l) medium, cotyledonary explants showed profuse callusing, which could regenerate shoots on high ZEA + low NAA/IAA medium. However, it declined with progressing time in culture. Anthers, excised from fresh as well as cold pretreated buds, cultured on 10% sucrose containing MS media with different hormonal constitution, developed calli and/or embryos. Initial culture temperature was important with embryogenesis occurring only in anthers cultured at 30°C for 3 weeks. A high temperature (35°C) treatment was lethal for both callus as well as embryo formation. While BAP + NAA and ZEA + NAA/IAA supported embryogenesis, further plant regeneration from anther-or embryo-callus could be achieved in ZEA + NAA/IAA media. Some of the regenerants flowered already in vitro and had small and sterile flowers. Cytological examination of some of the root differentiating calli indicated the presence of haploid as well as diploid cells. Shoots were rooted during prolonged incubation on the same medium or on transfer to MS (reduced)/ B5 + ZEA + NAA media. 相似文献
20.
Scutellum and inflorescence explants of four genotypes of durum wheat(Triticum turgidum var. durum Desf.) were used to define culture conditions to obtain high frequencies of embryogenesis and plant regeneration in vitro. Under all conditions tested, scutellum cultures gave higher frequencies of embryogenesis and plant regeneration than inflorescence
cultures. Two different auxins, 2,4-D(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and picloram(4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid),
were compared for their effect on scutellum and inflorescence explant response in vitro. Picloram was found to significantly increase the frequency of plant regeneration from both explants. When cultures were
grown on regeneration medium containing zeatin for two three-week passages, the frequency of plant regeneration increased
by between 20–30% compared with cultures exposed to hormones for a single three-week passage. Finally, the addition of 1 mg/l
6-BAP (6-benzyl aminopurine) to the plantlet growth medium was found to enhance tiller production in regenerants. The optimized
culture conditions were applicable to the four genotypes tested and frequencies of plant regeneration varied between 97% to
100% for scutellum cultures (2 mg/l picloram in induction medium) and between45% and 80% for inflorescence cultures (4 mg/l
picloram in induction medium). The number of plants regenerated per explant was improved over previous procedures, with means
of 34 plants per scutellum, and 16 plants per inflorescence explant.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献