共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
近红外光谱技术快速测定棉籽粕、菜籽粕真可利用氨基酸含量的研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本试验对近红外光谱技术预测棉籽粕、菜籽粕中的真可消化氨基酸含量进行了定标方程研究。定标就是建立常法测值与近红外光谱值之间的相关关系。饲料中的氨基酸用高效液相色谱法进行测定 ,氨基酸消化率用去盲肠公鸡作试验动物 ,用修正的Sibbald强饲法进行测定。用近红外仪收集样品的光谱数据 ,用多元回归法建立体内法测值和光谱值之间的相关关系。定标结果表明 ,棉籽粕除胱氨酸和色氨酸 ,菜籽粕除赖氨酸外 ,其它氨基酸的变异系数都在7 %以下 ,经检验证明其定标具有良好的预测性能。近红外光谱技术提供了一种可用于日常测定鸡真可消化氨基酸的实时分析方法 ,它能够获得与体内法相近的真可消化氨基酸数据 ,避免查饲料成分表的不准确性。 相似文献
2.
近红外光谱技术(NIRS)可实现对氨基酸和可利用氨基酸的快速检测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
近红外光谱技术（ＮＩＲＳ）可预测高蛋白饲料中氨基酸和可消化氨基酸的含量,这些数据对饲料质量监控很有用。通过这些数据,可以发现采进饲料原料中的等外品,还可以根据相关的营养参数对每宗饲料原料进行分级。营养学家可应用这些数据,再结合试验室分析数据制定日粮配方。 相似文献
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对血粉、鱼粉、豆粕、大豆、菜籽饼、玉米及麦麸等７种鸡常用饲料进行可消化氨基酸测定，以血粉的表观可消化总氨基酸含量最高，但其蛋氨酸含量较低，依次为鱼粉、豆粕、大豆、菜籽饼、麦麸和玉米。扣除试难内源氨基酸的干扰，７种饲料的真可消化氨基酸含量较其表观可消化氨基酸含量有所提高，提高的百分点依次为２．６０、１．３４、１．３３、１．１９、１．１６、０．３５６和０．５３。 相似文献
4.
近红外(NIRS)和粗蛋白预测氨基酸含量的精度比较研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本试验使用同一套饲料样品进行NIRS的定标方程、本实验的粗蛋白（CP）一元回归方程、NRC的CP一元回归方程、田河山的CP一元回归方程之间的精度比较研究。研究结果表明，用粗蛋白为指标建立的预测豆粕和玉米氨基酸的3种方程（本试验建立的预测方程、田河山的预测方程、NRC的预测方程）取得了比较一致的预测结果，经F检验达到了显著或极显著的程度，但R值都不高，大部分在0.40～0.70之间，远低于NIRS的预测方程。NIRS预测豆粕氨基酸定标方程的相关系数中，除蛋氨酸、胱氨酸、苏氨酸外，都在0.90以上，蛋氨酸、胱氨酸、苏氨酸相关系数分别为0.823、0.887、0.883，而且粗蛋白进行预测的相关系数在0.39、0.52、0.68。显然NIRS预测的结果要好于用粗蛋白预测的效果，从标准差上看，用粗蛋白含量预测氨基酸的标准差一般为NIRS的2～6倍，NIRS的预测精度显然好于用粗蛋白预测的精度。 相似文献
5.
粉碎粒度对近红外分析仪测定鱼粉和豆粕氨基酸含量的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用近红外方法分析测定一个饲料原料样品的氨基酸含量只需几分钟 ,其测定误差一般在 5 %以下。我国从 2 0世纪 80年代初在农产品质量分析技术上开展近红外光谱分析研究。但定标粒度对测定样品氨基酸影响的报道不多 ,本试验围绕近红外光谱技术测试条件的研究 ,通过近红外光谱分析技术对两种粉碎粒度的 1 4个鱼粉和 2 7个豆粕样品中 1 0种氨基酸含量的测定 ,探讨粒度对测定效果的影响 ,为应用近红外光谱分析技术检测样品氨基酸含量提供技术参考。1 材料和方法1 1 样品制备 1 4个鱼粉样品、2 7个豆粕样品。样品均分别通过 0 75ｍｍ和 0 5… 相似文献
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7.
试验建立DDGS粗蛋白含量测定的近红外光谱分析定标模型。采用化学分析法测定72个DDGS样品中的粗蛋白含量,利用FOSS InfraXact型近红外光谱分析仪采集样品光谱,光谱经2,4,4,1导数和标准正常化+散射处理(SNV+Detrend),用改进最小二乘法(MPLS)回归,获得了较好的定标模型,校正决定系数(RSQ)、交叉验证决定系数(1-VR)、校正标准误差(SEC)、交叉验证标准误差(SECV)分别为0.982 5、0.932 8、0.266 2、0.389 5。利用30个验证集的DDGS样品进行外部检验,预测值与真实值之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,定标模型的预测性能较好,可以替代化学分析法快速测定DDGS中的粗蛋白含量。 相似文献
8.
采用Ｓｉｂｂａｌｄｉ“ＴＭＥ”改良法，测定了中国人民解放军第３４１９工厂生产的ＧＳＤ－水解蛋白饲料的代谢能和氨基酸消化率。结果：该饲料粗蛋白质含量为８１．０６％，总氨基酸含量为６４．４５％，赖氨酸含量与豆粕接近（为２．３６％），可消化赖氨酸为１．１１％，总氨基酸真消化率为４４．５９％，总必需氨基酸真消化率高于总非必需氨基酸真消化率８个百分点；真代谢能值为６．７０５７ＭＪ／ｋｇ。结果说明，ＧＳＤ－水解蛋白饲料是一种值得开发的新型蛋白质饲料资源。 相似文献
9.
近红外光谱分析技术快速测定鱼粉氨基酸含量的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本实验以高压液相色谱法测得的５０个鱼粉的氨基酸含量为基准,并用ＮＩＲ分析仪收集了样品的光谱数据,通过多元回归法建立两者的回归方程即近红外光谱测定鱼粉氨基酸含量的定标软件,并用未参与定标的鱼粉样品对定标软件的精确度进行了检验。定标结果表明,赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、胱氨酸、总氨基酸的标准差分别为：０２９８,０２３９,０１４８,３７７８;相关系数分别为：０９６５,０８７６,０９３９,０９４０;变异系数分别为：１１％,２２％,２２％,８％;Ｆ值分别为：１４７,３１,６３,８９,经Ｆ检验均达到了显著水平。检验结果表明：赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、胱氨酸、总的氨基酸的标准差分别为：０３７５,０３０４,００７４,２０４１;相关系数分别为：０９３９,０６６４,０９６２,０９７５;变异系数分别为：１１６％,２１７％,２２１％,７５％。从实验结果可看出,在研制出的鱼粉几个重要氨基酸的定标软件中,赖氨酸和总的氨基酸的定标效果好于蛋氨酸、胱氨酸的定标,后者的精度有待进一步提高。 相似文献
10.
文章介绍了近年来关于猪、白羽肉鸡和黄羽肉鸡饲料净能(NE)的测定及其需要量的研究。猪饲料NE的测定采用实测饲料表观代谢能(AME),再选用Nobelt推荐的由ADE或AME结合化学成分估计饲料NE的公式计算其NE;家禽采用比较屠宰法测定饲料NE,并以玉米-豆粕日粮为对照,通过生长效应试验,验证了杂粕、糠麸饲料NE值的准确性;建立了化学成分和傅里叶近红外预测饲料NE的模型。研究并确定了20kg～50kg的生长猪、0～3周龄白羽肉鸡和黄羽肉鸡的NE需要量及其与真可消化赖氨酸(TDLys)的比例。 相似文献
11.
Apparent digestibility of nitrogen and amino acids in protein feedstuffs by growing pigs 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
D A Knabe D C LaRue E J Gregg G M Martinez T D Tanksley 《Journal of animal science》1989,67(2):441-458
Eight digestion trials were conducted with pigs fitted with ileal T-cannulas to determine the apparent digestibilities of N and amino acids in common protein feedstuffs. Trial-to-trial variation was minimal as determined by the variation in digestibilities for soybean meal, which was evaluated in each trial. Apparent digestibilities varied widely; ileal N digestibility ranged from 88 to 63%, and ileal lysine digestibility ranged from 93 to 40%. In general, ring-dried blood meal, corn gluten meal, Menhaden fish meal, poultry-by-product meal and extruded whole soybeans were the most digestible, followed by canola meal, sunflower meal, peanut meal and meat and bone meal. Cottonseed meal and feather meal were the least digestible. Mean values for each feedstuff agree well with published data. Variation in digestibilities among samples of the same feedstuff was greater for the meat and bone meals. Regression of ileal essential amino acid digestibilities on ileal and fecal N digestibility indicated that amino acid digestibilities can be predicted more precisely from ileal N digestibility than from fecal N digestibility. However, neither ileal nor fecal N digestibility could be used with a high degree of certainty to predict ileal amino acid digestibilities. 相似文献
12.
A 4 x 4 Latin square design was used to determine ileal apparent digestibility of amino acids (AAs) in corn, soybean meal, feather meal and dried whey in young pigs. The data were then to be used in formulating a basal diet for studies on AA metabolism in young pigs. Eight castrates T-cannulated at terminal ileum (average initial body weight 12.5 +/- 0.62 kg) were divided into 4 groups on the basis of body weight and transferred to individual metabolism crates. They were then fed four experimental diets containing the four feedstuffs to be tested (corn, soybean meal, feather meal and dried whey). The trial lasted 20 days, which included 4 five-day periods for ileal digesta collection. It was found that the digestibility of the AAs was similar to that reported in literature. Based on the findings a basal diet for this research was formulated according to an ideal protein model for the 10 to 20 kg piglet, on the basis of digestible AAs and containing 14.13 MJ/kg digestible energy, 18.22% crude protein, 1.04% digestible lysine and 0.23% digestible histidine. 相似文献
13.
Zuzana Ceresnáková A Sommer Mária Chrenková Patrícia Dolesová 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2002,56(6):409-418
The crude protein content and amino acid profile of seven feedstuffs (linseed meal, maize gluten meal, rapeseed meal, rapeseed meal protected, soybean meal, fullfat soybean extruded and sunflower meal) were determined before and after ruminal incubation for 16 h in three bulls with large rumen cannulas. The intestinal disappearance of amino acids was measured using mobile bag technique. Ruminal incubation affected amino acid profile of all experimental feedstuffs. Crude protein degradation varied from 29.3% for maize gluten meal to 86.4% for rapeseed meal. A tendency towards increased disappearance was observed for glutamic acid, histidine, lysine and proline and decreased disappearance for branched-chain amino acids. The intestinal crude protein digestibility was higher than > 80%, except rapeseed meal (66.4%) and sunflower meal (77.8%). The least digestible individual amino acids were methionine and isoleucine in rapeseed meal, histidine and methionine in rapeseed meal protected and arginine in sunflower meal. In general, the lowest amino acid digestibilities were found in feedstuffs with the highest fibre content. The feedstuffs show that they have different potential for supplying of limiting amino acids. Of particular value are the feedstuffs with low crude protein degradability in the rumen and high intestinal digestibility of amino acids. 相似文献
14.
以常规成分为变量估测饲料中必需氨基酸含量的初步探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文探讨了玉米、小麦、高粱、豆饼(粕)、菜籽饼(粕)、花生饼(粕)、国产鱼粉、小麦麸、米糠、米糠饼、米糠粕、苜蓿草粉、大豆、黑大豆、蚕豆、豌豆的粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪和粗灰分与必需氨基酸的多元回归方程和粗蛋白与必需氨基酸之间的一元回归方程。一元回归方程估测误差(RSD)略高于多元回归方裎估测误差,但相关程度两者基本一致。方差分析表明,玉米、小麦、花生饼(粕)、国产鱼粉、小麦麸、米糠、苜蓿草粉、黑大豆、大豆、蚕豆、豌豆的常规成分与必需氨基酸含量存在显著的相关关系(P<0.05);大麦、高粱、米糠饼(粕)和菜籽饼(粕)常规成分与苯丙氨酸、组氧酸、精氨酸等必需氨基酸存在显著扣关关系(P<0.05),与赖氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸等必需氨基酸不存在相关关系(P>0.05);豆饼(粕)常规成分与必需氨基酸不存在相关关系。利用朱参加计算的玉米和小麦麸样品数据资料比较了粗蛋白与必需氨基酸之间的一元回归方程估测值、按粗蛋白递增比例计算值和实测值之间的差异。表明用回归方程估测较按粗蛋白质递增比例推算,更接近于实际测定值,具有显著相关关系的回归方程应用于生产以估测某些必需氨基酸含量是可行的。 相似文献
15.
不同阶段生长肥育猪可消化赖、蛋＋胱、苏、色氨酸平衡模式研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
关于猪的理想蛋白模式 (ＩＰＰ)已有不少研究 ,但以可消化氨基酸为基础并考虑猪的体重或生长阶段差异的研究很少。本试验拟用Ｗａｎｇ＆Ｆｕｌｌｅｒ( 1 989,1 990 )的氨基酸部分扣除后的Ｎ平衡试验法研究在实用饲粮条件下 ,两个体重阶段生长肥育猪 ( 35～ 6 0ｋｇ ,6 0～ 90ｋｇ)可消化赖 (Ｄｌｙｓ)、蛋 胱 (Ｄ ＳＡＡ)、苏 (ＤＴｈｒ)、色氨酸 (ＤＴｒｐ)的平衡比例。1 材料和方法1 1 试验设计 本研究共进行 2个氮平衡试验 ,分别在 35～ 6 0ｋｇ和 6 0～ 90ｋｇ阶段进行。每阶段均设 6个试验处理 ,分别饲喂 6种不同的饲粮 ,即高蛋白… 相似文献
16.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2007,16(4):546-554
Valine is likely the fourth limiting amino acid in most diets based on corn and soybean meal (C/SBM). However, the exact needs for Val are not well known, and information regarding it is sparse. A series of studies was conducted to validate the limitation of Val in all-vegetable diets fed to broilers, and subsequently to quantify an adequate ratio to Lys in high-yield late-developing broilers (Ross × Ross 708) from 21 to 42 d. A preliminary study was designed to evaluate the supplementation of different amino acids likely to be fourth limiting on a C/SBM-based diet, where Lys, TSAA, and Thr were supplemented but no other critical amino acids were given minimums in the formulation. Results obtained for BW gain, abdominal fat weight, and abdominal fat percentage showed that birds were more responsive (P < 0.05) to l-Val supplementation. A follow-up study using a corn-peanut meal (C/PM)-based diet formulated to be deficient in Val validated (P < 0.05) a Val deficiency based on poor growth performance and resulted in an immediate return to good performance when this amino acid was supplemented. Furthermore, the C/PM diet was compared with a nutritionally similar C/SBM diet, and no difference was observed in the performance of broilers fed these diets, thus validating the ability of the C/PM-based diet to support adequate growth of these broilers. This C/PM-based diet was used to feed gradual concentrations of Val, from levels that would be considered deficient (0.59% digestible) up to adequate (0.84% digestible Val). Results indicate that a ratio of Val to Lys of 78, or a minimum dietary value of 0.74% digestible Val (0.82% total Val), should be adequate for this high-yield broiler grown from 21 to 42 d of age. 相似文献
17.
Three experiments were conducted with young pigs to measure the availability of tryptophan in soybean meal, meat and bone meal, cottonseed meal, corn and sorghum. In Exp. 1, a 17.5% crude protein corn and gelatin-based diet, deficient in tryptophan, was supplemented with graded levels of L-tryptophan to establish the growth response of 10- to 20-kg pigs to graded additions of dietary tryptophan. From these data the requirement for maximal growth was calculated to be .16% of the diet using a broken-line model. In Exp. 2, the effects of excess amino acids in a test feedstuff, i.e., soybean meal, on the growth assay method for estimating tryptophan availability was evaluated. The addition of excess crystalline amino acids to the basal diet in proportions equal to the excesses contributed by a test level of soybean meal resulted in a 17.7 percentage unit reduction in the estimate of tryptophan availability (82.3%). When the standard diet was supplemented with amino acids to provide the pattern of excess amino acids found in the corn-gelatin basal diet with added soybean meal, the availability of tryptophan in soybean meal was estimated to be 95.2%. In Exp. 3, the tryptophan availabilities for meat and bone meal, cottonseed meal, corn and sorghum were estimated to be 82.2%, 80.9%, 94.0% and 86.4%, respectively. The diets used in this experiment were supplemented to contain excesses of individual amino acids in the same proportions as found in the basal diet, with the test feed ingredient added as a source of tryptophan. In these experiments the tryptophan content of the various feedstuffs was measured by ion-exchange liquid chromatography following alkaline hydrolysis. 相似文献
18.
应用Sibbald“TME”方法测定鸡饲料氨基酸利用率的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
饲料氨基酸利用率的测定是进行可利用氨基酸营养研究的一项基础性工作。本研究利用去盲肠公鸡,应用Sibbald“TME”方法,测定了玉米、次粉、高粱、菜籽饼、棉籽饼、棉仁粕、胡麻饼、豆饼、豆粕、鱼粉、豌豆蛋白粉、绿豆蛋白粉、蚕豆蛋白粉的氨基酸表观和真消化率。氨基酸平均真消化率超过90%的依次为豆粕、蚕豆蛋白粉、鱼粉、绿豆蛋白粉、豌豆蛋白粉。消化率低于85％、高于80％的依次为高粱、玉米、次粉,消化率低于80％的依次为棉仁粕、豆饼、菜籽饼、胡麻饼、棉籽饼。所测饲料各氨基酸的平均真消化率大于85％的依次为谷氨酸、异亮氨酸、精氨酸、门冬氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸;消化率在80％～85％之间的依次为丝氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、丙氨酸;小于80％的依次为苏氨酸、赖氨酸和胱氨酸。研究结果表明,不同饲料和不同氨基酸之间消化率存在很大的差异。内源氨基酸排泄量对低蛋白饲料氨基酸利用率存在较大的影响。适当的加工处理对于提高饼粕类饲料的氨基酸消化率具有重要意义。 相似文献
19.
Regional and processor variation in the ileal digestible amino acid content of soybean meals measured in growing swine 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
van Kempen TA Kim IB Jansman AJ Verstegen MW Hancock JD Lee DJ Gabert VM Albin DM Fahey GC Grieshop CM Mahan D 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(2):429-439
To assess differences in soybean meal quality related to region of production, researchers in Illinois, Kansas, North Carolina, The Netherlands, and Ohio collected four soybean meal samples processed locally at least 15 d apart. These samples were assayed for ileal amino acid digestibility by pigs using a common soybean meal and a soy protein concentrate as references, and a low-protein casein diet for determination of endogenous amino acid losses. Digestibility was determined at each university using seven barrows surgically fitted with ileal cannulas in a 7 x 7 Latin square design. The experimental diets contained 17% CP from the test material except for the low-protein casein diet. Animals were fed twice daily, 12 h apart, at a level of 45 g x kg(-0.75) BW for each meal. Following a 5-d adaptation period, ileal digesta were collected for two 12-h periods for 2 d to be used for determination of ileal digestibility. Variation in amino acid digestibility was very small among and within sites and was much smaller than variation in the concentration of amino acids. Among sites, samples from The Netherlands had less total and thus digestible lysine and methionine than the U.S. samples (P < 0.05). The soybean meals tested in this experiment were approximately 4% higher in amino acids than that reported in the NRC (1998). True (standardized) digestibilities, however, were very similar to NRC values except for cysteine and threonine, which were 5 and 3 percentage points lower in this experiment, respectively. In conclusion, soybeans grown in the United States and locally processed into soybean meal were very similar in nutritional composition. Soybean meals produced in The Netherlands were lower in lysine and methionine (P < 0.05) but had a digestibility similar to that produced in the United States. 相似文献