共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
四翅滨黎是一种准常绿饲料灌木树种，我省从1994年从美国引进并获得成功，引种表现性状良好，适应性强。本文就该树种在青海省栽培范围、树种特性、播种育苗、嫩枝扦插育苗及造林技术要点等进行了初步总结，以期为该树种大规模繁殖和推广提供参考依据。 相似文献
4.
拟赤杨的栽培技术 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
胡松竹 HU SONG ZHU 姜云飞 JIANG YUN FEI 邓光华 DEN GUANG HUA 余林根 YU LIN GEN 雷先高 LEI XIAN GAO 《江西林业科技》2001,(6):7-9
拟赤杨是一种生长快，干形直，用途广的优良速生阔叶树种。通过对拟赤杨的采种、育苗、造林和天然林调查，了解和掌握了该树种的生态特征和生长规律，阐述了该树种的营林主要技术措施。。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
粤栲是我省优良的常绿阔叶速生乡土树种，对该树种的育苗试验表明：闽粤栲每公顷产苗量可达42万株，育苗10个月后平均苗高可达45cm，地径0．55cm，为该树种苗木质量地方标准的建立提供了科学的依据。 相似文献
8.
云南拟单性木兰生物生态学特性及其城市绿化的作用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
论据云南拟单性木兰近20年的调查研究结果，从物候特征，树种的结实及种子特性，林木的生长特点，生态习性等方面，介绍了该树种的生物及生态学持性；并从吸收大气污染物的能力，以及在城市环境条件下的生长状况上表述了该树种在城市绿化中的作用。表明云南拟单性木兰具有园艺艺术视觉效果，适应于城市环境，吸收大气污染物的能力强，是优秀的城市园林绿化树种。 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
森林采伐是森林经营中的一个关键环节。采伐对树木天然更新的影响直接关系到森林的结构、组成及森林的可持续经营。本文以长白山阔叶红松林为研究对象,对择伐5 年后不同作业迹地(集材道、楞场和采伐后林窗)的幼苗更新及灌木、草本的多样性进行研究,并以没有进行采伐干扰的林地作为对照。共设计样地23 块,在各个小样地内调查幼树的种类、树木、高度;灌木和草本植物的种类、树木、高度和盖度,应用SPSS 软件进行一元方差分析。结果表明,择伐作业影响幼苗的更新,灌木和草本的多样性在作业迹地增加,尤其在林隙处的多样性最高。适当采伐能促进幼苗的更新,特别是阔叶树种的更新。集材道对幼苗密度的影响比对幼苗高度的影响大,幼苗密度在集材道上密度最高;采伐作业对针叶树种有严重的影响,在三种作业迹地上针叶树种的密度都比对照低。为了维持森林的结构和组成,在森林收获和楞场的建立时,必须采取科学措施保护针叶树种。此外,采伐林窗和楞场的面积都应该减小。为了确保采伐迹地建群树种的更新,经营中应该在保护生物多样性的前提下,适当控制过于旺盛的灌木和草本层的生长。本研究结果将为采伐后作业迹地的恢复和森林的可持续经营提供科学的依据。图1 表4 参14。 相似文献
12.
以“五常”天然群体的家系子代为测试对象，在优良群体选择和良种选育，以及生长动态、生态适应性与抗逆性分析的基础上，综合评价了果实性状的遗传变异、遗传增益和遗传力等遗传参量的遗传效应，筛选出适应能力较强的优良个体。结果表明：立地条件相同，家系间果实性状存在一定变异，差异极显著，且遗传力较强，遗传增益较大。果穗质量、果粒个数、果径、单果质量4个数量性状的遗传力分别为0．8．44、0．829、0．989、0．915，遗传增益分别可达25．50％、19．45％、21．45％、16．15％。以果径、单果质量为主要评价指标，兼顾遗传表现、果穗质量和果粒数量指标，确定Schis04和Schis10个体优异。 相似文献
13.
衡阳市山河水库综合治理及开发利用研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
由于生态环境的不断恶化 ,厄尔尼诺事件加强 ,造成大气污染而形成大量酸雨 ,使大片森林和农作物被酸雨腐蚀致死 ,从而加重了生态的恶性循环 ,导致了自然灾害频繁。仅从 1994 -1998年 5年的旱涝灾害就给我市造成了 90多亿元的重大经济损失和死亡 2 2 8人。开展对该项目的研究 ,就是要加大对生态林业建设的投入 ,对山河水库及小流域进行综合治理 ,通过生态、生物和工程措施 ,有效地控制水土流失 ,创造一个良好的生态环境 ,为我市的工农业生产及国民经济的可持续发展提供基础保障。 相似文献
14.
Guolei Li Yong Liu Lvyi Ma Ruiheng Lv Haiqun Yu Shulan Bai Yaoyao Kang 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2009,4(3):283-290
Direct seeding is a less expensive practice than planting and has the potential to become a viable alternative to transplanting
for afforestation and regeneration purposes. As an effective and a less costly regeneration method, aerial seeding has been
applied with several tree species. As early as 1956, Chinese people engaged in aerial seeding and stands with a total of 2.97×107 hm2 have been developed up to 2004. Our study tested whether the growth of planted Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) seedlings and its undergrowth development in northwest aspects differ from that of aerially sown seedlings on the
northern and northwestern aspects of slopes. In 2007, we collected data such as height, diameter at breast height (DBH), clear
bole height and canopy widths of trees, abundance, coverage, and frequency of shrubs and herbs from 21-year-old planted Chinese
pine stands on a northwestern aspect (PNW), aerially sown stands in a northwest aspect (ANW) and aerially sown stands in a
northern aspect (AN). Results showed that the relation of crown area and mean DBH was best fitted by a double inverse model
for the ANW and AN forests and by a quadratic model for the PNW forest. There was no difference in the growth between ANW
and AN forests, while growth was significantly higher in the PNW forest than in the ANW and AN forests. That was consistent
with the Sorenson diversity indices in the shrub and herb layers, indicating that there was a large number of the same species
in both aerially seeded stands, although their locations were different. Both the number of species in the undergrowth and
the Shannon-Wiener index in the shrub layer were higher in the PNW stands than in the ANW and AN stands. Dominant families
for all three stands were Rosaceae and Compositae in the shrub and herb layer, respectively. The dominant species for all
three stands was Spiraea pubescens in the shrub layer, while the dominant species was different from each other in the three stands. The discrepancy in diversity
and composition of species in the herb layer show that herbs are sensitive to shrubs in the three forests. High mortality
and skewed diameter distributions reflect severe competition and too high a density in the aerially seeded forests. Thus,
aerial seeding is a viable and effective regeneration technique, but management practices, such as thinning, should be applied
to these forests. 相似文献
15.
16.
杉木、马尾松人工林地表可燃物利用潜力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)人工纯林及其混交林4m以下树冠上的枝叶、灌木层、草本植物层和枯枝落叶层的负荷量和生物质能进行了调查测定,计算了其林分地表可燃物每公顷可利用的生物质能的产出量,并估算了我国现有杉木、马尾松人工林地表可燃物可利用生物质能的潜力.结果表明,全国现有杉木、马尾松林可利用地表可燃物的生物质潜能高达1 057.31万～1 211.54万t标准煤,产业化前景非常广阔.同时,作为用材林营造的杉木、马尾松人工林,自进入中龄林之前至成熟林阶段,每隔3 a可以重复利用一次,每公顷地表可燃物累计产出生物质能702.64-805.13 kg标准煤.从森林培育和森林防火的角度看,可以把马尾松林作为能源林进行经营,并通过地表可燃物的定期利用来降低森林火险,提高全林分的抗火性. 相似文献
17.
Dalia Abbas Fulvio Di Fulvio Raffaele Spinelli 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2018,33(2):188-201
This paper offers a forest operations perspective in environmentally sensitive areas in Europe and the United States. The objective is to help inform key sustainability knowledge gaps in forest operations to reduce impacts on the environment and the equipment operators in these increasingly targeted and difficult to operate in areas. Under existing guidelines and best management practices, the protection of ecosystem services linked to soil, water, wildlife and biodiversity have rightly received the highest considerations. However, the connection between protecting these ecological values, safe operational practices and technological advancements is rarely well articulated. One means to address the operational and technological gap is the selection of equipment and tailor the work conditions to terrain type, forest features and management objectives. To that effect, this paper discusses the environmental, planning, equipment selection and operator considerations and proposes possible solutions and guidelines to contain both the operators’ safety and environmental risks in forest operations. 相似文献
18.
【目的】研究兴凯湖不同栖息地水鸟特别是濒危鸟类如鹤鹳类群落组成差异,为兴凯湖水鸟保护管理提供科学依据。【方法】于2014年5月至2015年4月、 2017年12月采用直接计数法对湖岗、龙王庙、东北泡子以及青山水库4个区域6类栖息地水鸟群落进行系统调查,并对水鸟群落特征参数进行分析。【结果】兴凯湖湿地内共记录水鸟7目11科85种364 063只。湿地内水域面积最大,物种数最多,多样性指数最高,以雁形目和鸻形目鸟类最多;林地与灌丛面积最少,物种数最少;灌丛多样性指数最低,以鹭科鸟类为主。在4个区域,湖岗水鸟多样性最高,其次是龙王庙和东北泡子,青山水库多样性最低。由于不同区域的栖息地组成不同,水鸟数量存在着显著性差异。【结论】随着兴凯湖栖息地类型的改变与人类活动的加剧,特别是作为鹤鹳类主要的繁殖地龙王庙与东北泡子,农田耕地面积增多,而沼泽湿地与草甸面积减少,使得鸭类与鹤类数量大幅减少。建议需根据不同水鸟对栖息环境的适宜性需求,制定科学合理保护方案,进行有效保护。 相似文献
19.
【目的】研究与评价马尾松一代、二代无性系种子园的遗传增益及改良效果,指导马尾松良种选育、生产及应用。【方法】利用营建在浙江省淳安县燕山林场和福建省邵武市卫闽林场的6年生马尾松一代和二代自由授粉家系遗传测定林,分析不同世代种子园子代生长性状的遗传变异,并进行家系育种值估算及生长评价。【结果】马尾松不同世代的种子园子代生长差异很大,其树高、胸径和单株材积等生长量显著大于马尾松优良天然林分的混系子代,其中一代种子园子代各家系单株材积表型值和育种值分别大于优良天然林分混系55.78%~84.62%和40.66%~71.39%,二代其值分别大于优良天然林分混系58.96%~108.97%和42.97%~91.89%,二代种子园子代的平均生长量和遗传稳定性总体上高于一代种子园子代。树高、胸径和单株材积等主要生长性状在世代内家系间的生长差异均达极显著水平,在一代种子园子代中最优家系的树高、胸径和单株材积分别大于最差家系21.94%、30.72%和97.75%,在二代种子园子代中最优家系的树高、胸径和单株材积分别大于最差家系23.42%、29.60%和90.09%,说明种子园中对亲本材料的再选择非常重要。依据子代的单株材积育种值在两测定点的位次及其变幅大小,将38个家系分成速生型、较速生稳定型、较速生不稳定型和慢生型4类,各类所占家系数分别有23.68%、26.32%、21.05%和28.95%,其中速生型和较速生稳定型家系所对应的亲本无性系可作为新建马尾松二代无性系种子园的优良建园材料。种子园子代主要生长性状的地点×家系、区组×家系的互作效应极显著,说明各家系在不同立地环境中生长表现不一致。【结论】马尾松无性系种子园良种效益显著,二代增益大于一代。通过选择速生型和较速生稳定型家系将有助于种子园建园亲本的再选择、现有种子园的留优去劣疏伐和重建新的种子园。鉴于子代主要生长性状的基因型与环境互作使各家系在不同立地环境中生长表现不同,建议对子代生长表现突出、结实量较多的无性系进行单系采种利用。 相似文献
20.
Philip L Crafford 《Southern Forests》2016,78(1):61-71
South Africa is a timber-scarce country that will most probably experience a shortage of structural softwood lumber in the near future. In this study the concept of using young, green finger-jointed Eucalyptus grandis lumber was evaluated for possible application in roof truss structures while the timber is still in the green, unseasoned state. Drying will occur naturally while the lumber is fixed within the roof truss structure. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the strength and stiffness variation of the finger-jointed E. grandis product in both the green and dry state for different age and dimension lumber, (2) to investigate the variation in density, warp and checking in the lumber when dried in a simulated roof-space environment and (3) to evaluate the potential of this finger-jointed product as a component in roof truss structures. Green finger-jointed E. grandis lumber of ages 5, 11 and 18 years and dimensions 48×73?mm and 36×111?mm from Limpopo province were evaluated. The study showed that the young finger-jointed E. grandis timber had very good flexural, tensile parallel to grain, and shear properties in both the green and dry state. The mean and characteristic modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture values of the finger-jointed E. grandis product were higher and the variation lower in comparison to currently used South African pine sources. The tensile perpendicular to grain and compression perpendicular to grain strength did not conform to SANS requirements for the lowest structural grade (S5). Both tree age and product dimension were sources for variation in the physical and strength properties. Based on the results from this study the concept of producing roof trusses from green, finger-jointed young E. grandis timber has potential. 相似文献