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1.
出口鲜切花的溴甲烷与二氧化碳气调熏蒸灭虫试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
使用溴甲烷和二氧化碳对15种切花及主要携带的蚜虫、蓟马、叶螨进行熏蒸试验.结果表明:在22℃条件下,熏蒸处理2h,35 g/m3、40 g/m3、45 g/m3可分别100%杀死蚜虫、蓟马、叶螨.45 g/m3对供试花卉品质有影响.溴甲烷配合二氧化碳对花卉害虫熏蒸处理结果表示,5%二氧化碳对澳甲烷熏蒸处理花卉害虫的效果有增效作用.在22℃下采用40 g/m3溴甲烷和5%二氧化碳处理2h能100%杀死鲜切花同时携带的蚜虫、蓟马、叶螨,且对供试花卉影响甚微. 相似文献
2.
研究了二斑叶螨雌成螨的密度分别为5、10、15头/株,为害时间分别为2、4、6 d时,西花蓟马2龄若虫对上述处理菜豆的选择性,并通过气相色谱 质谱联用仪分析鉴定了相应处理菜豆的挥发物。结果表明,在菜豆上二斑叶螨密度为10头/株和15头/株时,西花蓟马均趋向于选择二斑叶螨为害4 d的植株,二斑叶螨密度为5头/株时,西花蓟马对不同为害时间菜豆的选择性差异不显著。在二斑叶螨为害的3个时间段下,西花蓟马2龄若虫均趋向于15头二斑叶螨为害的植株,对5头为害株的选择性最差,表明高密度的二斑叶螨为害株对西花蓟马有一定的吸引作用。挥发物的种类和含量在二斑叶螨不同密度不同时间为害下存在一定差异,推测1-庚烯-3-酮、新植二烯、(Z)-3-己烯 2 甲基 丁酸酯、2,6-二甲基-辛烷、3-甲基-壬烷、十三烷对西花蓟马具有一定的吸引作用,1,4-己二烯-3-醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、2 乙基-己醇、反式 2,4-二烯醛、β-环柠檬醛、顺式-3-己烯醇2-甲基-2-丁烯酸酯对西花蓟马具有一定的驱避作用。 相似文献
3.
应用溴甲烷熏蒸剂对豆类中所携带的灰豆象Ｃａｌｏｓｏｂｒｕｃｈｕｓｐｈａｓｅｏｌｉ（Ｃｈｅｖｒｏｌａｔｅ）进行检疫熏蒸处理试验的结果表明，灰豆象对溴甲烷熏蒸剂耐药性较低。几种虫态相比之下，卵耐药性最低，蛹耐药性最强，而幼虫耐药性程度居于二者之间。在熏蒸处理平均温度为１８℃以下较低温度条件下熏蒸，卵和幼虫１０ｍｇ／Ｌ，１０ｈ；蛹１５ｍｇ／Ｌ、１０ｈ、１０ｍｇ／Ｌ，２４ｈ，其各虫态校正死亡率均可达１００％。在熏蒸处理平均温度为２６．５℃以上较高温度条件下熏蒸，卵５ｍｇ／Ｌ，１０ｈ、３ｍｇ／Ｌ，２４ｈ；幼虫５ｍｇ／Ｌ，２４ｈ及１０ｍｇ／Ｌ，１０ｈ；蛹１５ｍｇ／Ｌ，１０ｈ或１０ｍｇ／Ｌ，２４ｈ，以上各虫态校正死亡率也均可达１００％。 相似文献
4.
对貯粮为害最大的卡氏长螨用氯化苦进行熏蒸无杀卵毒效,而活动阶段(包括幼虫期、若虫期及成虫期)颇为敏感,致死中量为每升0.28毫克。仓内各种熏蒸方法试验结果,间歇熏蒸法的防治效果较好,能在一定时期内抑制螨害。在七种药剂或配方中,以二溴乙烷和溴甲烷具有更好的杀卵毒效,其致死中量分别为每升2.5毫克和3.4毫克。根据对螨卵的毒效反应,将熏蒸剂分成三种类型:(1)无反应型,如氯化苦。(2)数量反应型,如二氧乙烷。(3)特效型,如二溴乙烷和溴甲烷。 相似文献
5.
日本开发出对切花的新灭虫法日本每年都要进口大量鲜切花，如１９９４年的进口量约为６亿枝。从进口切花中检出鳞翅目、缨翅目、蜱螨目和蝽科的多种害虫，对切花的灭虫处理主要采用溴甲烷熏蒸。溴甲烷熏蒸虽对多种害虫有很好的杀虫效果，但也容易使新鲜植物（尤其是兰科、... 相似文献
6.
东亚小花蝽对西花蓟马、二斑叶螨和桃蚜的捕食能力及捕食选择性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
室内研究了东亚小花蝽对西花蓟马、二斑叶螨和桃蚜的捕食能力及在3种害虫共存条件下的捕食选择性。试验结果表明,东亚小花蝽对西花蓟马、二斑叶螨和桃蚜均具有捕食能力。捕食能力最初随着猎物数量的增加而增加,当猎物数量不断增加时,其捕食量趋于恒定值。在猎物数量充足时,东亚小花蝽对于二斑叶螨、蚜虫和蓟马的日均捕食量分别为17、12.5头和12头。3种猎物共存时,东亚小花蝽对西方花蓟马的捕食选择性均强于对二斑叶螨和桃蚜。选择性依次为西方花蓟马桃蚜≈二斑叶螨。猎物数量相同时取食西花蓟马的数量为12.6头,二斑叶螨和桃蚜的数量分别1.2头和2.4头。 相似文献
7.
间作大蒜对茄子截形叶螨的防控效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确间作大蒜对茄子截形叶螨Tetranychus truncatus Ehara种群的防控效果,于室内测定了大蒜提取液对截形叶螨卵的毒杀活性及对雌成螨的驱避和产卵选择性影响,并研究了田间不同比例间作大蒜对茄子截形叶螨自然种群的影响。结果表明,用0.05 g/mL和0.10 g/mL大蒜提取液处理后,截形叶螨卵死亡率分别为44.53%和63.53%,均显著高于空白对照;大蒜提取液处理蔬菜叶片72h后,截形叶螨雌成螨和卵的数量分别为16头和141粒,均显著低于空白对照组的23头和236粒;田间茄子和大蒜按1∶1、2∶1或4∶1间作均可降低截形叶螨自然发生数量,其中1∶1和2∶1间作对截形叶螨种群控制显著升高。研究表明,大蒜提取液对截形叶螨雌成螨取食及产卵具有显著的驱避活性;且间作大蒜可以对截形叶螨种群起到明显的抑制作用。 相似文献
8.
9.
甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯对二斑叶螨实验种群的亚致死效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在室内研究了甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯亚致死剂量对二斑叶螨实验种群成螨和卵的影响。结果表明,甲氰菊酯亚致死剂量LC10处理成螨后,二斑叶螨的卵期、幼螨期、若螨期、成螨期及寿命均显著缩短,处理卵后各发育历期均显著低于对照;亚致死剂量LC20处理成螨后二斑叶螨的卵期、若螨期、成螨期及寿命均显著缩短,处理卵后各发育历期均低于对照,处理后F1代种群的内禀增长率rm由0.191 9增至0.193 4～0.205 9,对种群有刺激增殖作用。螺螨酯亚致死剂量LC10处理成螨后,卵期、若螨期显著延期长,处理卵后卵期、若螨期、产卵前期均长于对照;亚致死剂量LC20处理成螨后卵期、幼螨期显著延长,处理卵后卵期、若螨期、产卵前期均长于对照,螺螨酯两亚致死剂量处理成螨和卵后成螨期和寿命均缩短,处理后F1代种群的内禀增长率rm由0.191 9降低至0.149 9～0.150 8,对种群有抑制作用。 相似文献
10.
《中国生物防治学报》2015,(4)
在温度(25±1)℃,相对湿度75%~85%,光周期14L:10D条件下研究了中华微刺盲蝽取食9种不同食物对若虫生长发育的影响及取食节瓜蓟马+茄叶、棉蚜+茄叶对成虫繁殖力的影响。中华微刺盲蝽仅取食10%蜂蜜水和茄叶不能完成若虫阶段的生长发育,而取食节瓜蓟马+茄叶、烟粉虱+茄叶、棉蚜+茄叶、朱砂叶螨+茄叶、棉蚜、米蛾卵+茄叶、米蛾卵均能发育到成虫;若虫的发育历期和存活率结果表明,节瓜蓟马+茄叶、烟粉虱+茄叶对该盲蝽的生长发育最有利。另外,对中华微刺盲蝽取食节瓜蓟马+茄叶、棉蚜+茄叶的繁殖力进行了研究,分别计算出了该天敌取食2种食物组合的世代净增殖率、世代平均历期和内禀增长率,根据计算结果,中华微刺盲蝽取食节瓜蓟马+茄叶的生殖力大于取食棉蚜+茄叶。 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
13.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
14.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
15.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
16.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
17.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina. 相似文献
18.
Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P
arthenium hysterophorus
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下载免费PDF全文 Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season. 相似文献
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20.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献