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1.
The ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting (RFRH) system with mulches is being promoted to increase water availability for crops for higher and stable agricultural production in many areas of the Loess Plateau in northwest China. In the system, plastic-covered ridges serve as rainfall-harvesting zones and stone-, straw- or film-mulched furrows serve as planting zones. To adopt this system more effectively, a field study (using corn as an indicator crop) was conducted to determine the effects of different ridge:furrow ratios and supplemental irrigation on crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in the RFRH system with mulches during the growing seasons of 1998 and 1999.The results indicated that the ridge:furrow ratios had a significant effect on crop yield and yield components. The 120:60 cm ridge and furrow (120 cm wide ridge and 60 cm wide furrow) system increased yield by 27.9%, seed weight per head by 14.8%, seed number per head by 7.4% and 1000-seed weight by 4.7%, compared with the 60:60 cm ridge and furrow (60 cm wide ridge and 60 cm wide furrow) system. No differences in WUE were found between the two ratio systems. For corn and winter wheat, the optimum ridge:furrow ratio seems to be 1:1 in the 300-mm rainfall area, 1:2 in the 400-mm rainfall area and 1:4 in the 500-mm rainfall area. The optimum ridge:furrow ratio seems to be 1:3 for millet in the 300-mm rainfall area, although it is unnecessary to adopt RFRH practice in regions with more than 400 mm rainfall. The most effective ridge size for crop production seems 60 cm in the Loess Plateau. Implementing supplemental irrigation in the RFRH system is also a useful way to deal with the temporal problem of moisture deficits. In the case of corn, supplemental irrigation at its critical growth stage can increase both grain yield and WUE by 20%. The combination of in situ RFRH system with supplemental irrigation practice will make the RFRH system more attractive.  相似文献   

2.
A rainwater harvesting system on slopes using contour furrows with plastic-covered transverse ridges designed to be used in small rainfall dominated areas of the semiarid loess region of China has been tested from 2001 to 2004. The system consisted of constructing contour furrows on the loess slope at a distance of 5 m with plastic-covered transverse ridges built in the furrows between shrubs of Caragana korshinskii. There were three treatments in the study: (1) plastic-covered ridge with gravel-mulched furrows (T1), (2) plastic-covered ridge with bare furrows (T2), and (3) control (no ridge and no contour furrow) (T3).

The experimental results indicated that runoff from the natural loess slope was small and variable, and only produced from a few rainfall events with high intensity. Runoff efficiency averaged 13.8, 4.5, 1.4, and 0.4% in 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004, respectively. However, the plastic-covered ridges accumulated runoff from most rainfall events, particularly from the light rains less than 5 mm. So the natural loess slope between the furrows and the plastic-covered ridges in the furrows can complement each other, i.e., the plastic-covered ridges induce runoff from small rainfall to the planted area, and the natural loess slope between the furrows concentrate runoff from heavy rainfall, thus improving rain use efficiency. The total runoff collected from both the natural loess slope and the plastic-covered ridges to the planted area in the furrows was 231, 143, 88, and 59 mm in 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004, respectively. Soil moisture storage in the 200-cm deep soil layer was obviously higher for T1 and T2 than for T3, and C. korshinskii showed a significant improvement in growth for the T1 and T2 treatments. Therefore the combination of contour furrows and plastic-covered ridges as rainwater harvesting system may have a great potential development in the small rainfall dominated arid regions of China.  相似文献   


3.
In semi-arid areas, crop growth is greatly limited by water. Amount of available water in soil can be increased by surface mulching and other soil management practices. Field experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 at Gaolan, Gansu, China, to determine the influence of ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting system (RFRHS), surface mulching and supplementary irrigation (SI) in various combinations on rainwater harvesting, amount of moisture in soil, water use efficiency (WUE), biomass yield of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L.) and seed yield of maize (Zea mays L.). In conventional fields without RFRHS, gravel-sand mulching produced higher biomass yield than plastic-mulching or straw-mulching. In plastic-mulched fields, an increasing amount of supplemental irrigation was needed to improve crop yield. There was no effect of RFRHS without plastic-covered ridge on rainwater harvesting when natural precipitation was less than 5 mm per event. This was due to little runoff of rainwater from frequent low precipitation showers, and most of the harvested rainwater gathered at the soil surface is lost to evaporation. In the RFRHS, crop yield and WUE were higher with plastic-covered ridges than bare ridges, and also higher with gravel-sand-mulched furrows than bare furrows in most cases, or straw-mulched furrows in some cases. This was most likely due to decreased evaporation with plastic or gravel-sand mulch. In the RFRHS with plastic-covered ridges and gravel-sand-mulched furrows, application of 30 mm supplemental irrigation produced the highest yield and WUE for sweet sorghum and maize in most cases. In conclusion, the findings suggested the integrated use of RFRHS, mulching and supplementary irrigation to improve rainwater availability for high sustainable crop yield. However, the high additional costs of supplemental irrigation and construction of RFRHS for rainwater harvesting need to be considered before using these practices on a commercial scale.  相似文献   

4.
The ridge and furrow farming of rainfall concentration (RC) system is being promoted to increase water availability to crops for improving and stabilizing agricultural production in the semiarid Loess region of northwest China. In the system, plastic-covered ridges serve as rainfall harvesting zones and furrows serve as planting zones. In recent years, however, the current RC practices are still confined to rural family units for very limited supplemental irrigation purposes. To adopt this system for large-scale use in the semiarid region and bring it into full play, it is necessary to test the befitting rainfall range for RC farming. A field study (using corn as an indicator crop) combined with rainfall simulation was designed to determine the effects of RC practices on soil water content, crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) under three rainfall levels (230 mm, 340 mm and 440 mm) during the growing seasons of 2006 and 2007. The results indicated that with the rainfalls ranging within 230-440 mm, RC system can increase soil water content in 0-100 cm and temperature conditions in the topsoil (0-10 cm) in furrows by 5-12% and 0.7-1 °C, respectively. The corn seedlings emerged 1-2 days earlier, the developmental stages generally occurred earlier, and the plant height and total dry matter all significantly increased (P < 0.05). In 2006, compared to conventional flat (CF) practice, the grain yield and WUE in the RC system increased by 75.4% and 73.3%, respectively at 230 mm rainfall, and by 36.7% and 40.2%, respectively at 340 mm rainfall, but there was no significant difference between the RC440 and CF440 patterns. In 2007, the grain yield and WUE were 82.8% and 77.4%, respectively higher in the RC230 plots than in the CF230 plots, 43.4% and 43.1%, respectively higher in the RC340 plots than in the CF340 plots, and 11.2% and 9.5%, respectively higher in the RC440 plots than in the CF440 plots. Combining yield and WUE, it could be concluded that the optimal rainfall upper limit for RC system is below 440 mm rainfall in the experiment. In the case of corn, the adoption of RC practice in the 230-440-mm rainfall area will make the system more attractive during the whole growth period and offer a sound opportunity for sustainable farming under semiarid climate.  相似文献   

5.
研究了不同覆膜集雨垄面和垄沟宽度对土壤含水量、产量、商品薯率和产量WUE的影响。试验结果表明,对0~100cm土层土壤含水量的影响是随着集雨垄面宽度的增加而增加;对产量WUE、产量和商品薯率的影响具体表现为M_(50)G_(20)M_(60)G_(10)M_(40)G_(30)CK,随着集雨垄面宽度的增加,影响是先增加,当集雨垄面宽度为50cm,垄沟宽度为20cm时影响最大,而后随着集雨垄面宽度的增加影响逐渐降低。综合分析,初步推出M_(50)G_(20)这种模式集雨效果最好,能最大程度增加经济效益。  相似文献   

6.
In the northwestern Loess Plateau of China, low precipitation results in poor crop yields, with a great fluctuation from year to year. The adoption of gravel-sand mulching has shown improvements in the growth of crops such as watermelon. The ridge and furrow rainwater harvest system (RFRHS) has been shown as an easy and efficient way to collect rainwater. A field experiment was conducted from 2007 to 2009 at Gaolan, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, to measure the effects of RFRHS, plastic mulch and gravel-sand mulch combinations on soil temperature, evapotranspiration (ET), water use efficiency (WUE) and watermelon yield. There were eight treatments: (1) flat gravel-sand mulched field, (2) RFRHS with a sand mulched furrow, entire plastic mulch and the ratio 1:1 of ridge and furrow, (3) RFRHS with a sand mulched furrow, entire plastic mulch and the ratio 4:3 of ridge and furrow, (4) RFRHS with a sand mulched furrow, entire plastic mulch and the ratio 5:3 of ridge and furrow, (5) RFRHS with a sand and plastic mulched furrow, bare ridge and the ratio 4:3 of ridge and furrow, (6) RFRHS with an entire plastic mulch and the ratio 4:3 of ridge and furrow, (7) conventional ridge planting with a plastic mulched ridge, and (8) flat gravel-sand mulched field plus 23 mm supplementary irrigation. Soil temperature for RFRHS with a gravel-sand plus plastic mulched furrow was slightly lower than that of flat gravel-sand mulch. The RFRHS caused a significant increase in watermelon yield and WUE. The increase in watermelon yield and WUE was greatly influenced by the ratio of ridge and furrow when RFRHS was combined with gravel-sand mulch. Watermelon yield was highest for the 1:1 ratio, and WUE was highest for the 5:3 and 1:1 ratios of ridge:furrow, and these were significantly greater than that of flat gravel-sand mulch, without or with irrigation. The use of ridge with plastic film mulch increased the beneficial effect of RFRHS on yield. The watermelon yield and WUE for non-plastic-mulched ridge were even lower than that of flat gravel-sand mulch. In summary, the findings suggest that RFRHS with gravel-sand mulched furrow plus plastic film mulch, and 1:1 ratio of ridge:furrow, would facilitate the use of limited rainfall most efficiently in improving watermelon yield, by reducing ET and increasing WUE in this semiarid region.  相似文献   

7.
Soil water distribution, irrigation water advance and uniformity, yield production and water-use efficiency (WUE) were tested with a new irrigation method for irrigated maize in an arid area with seasonal rainfall of 77.5–88.0 mm for 2 years (1997 and 1998). Irrigation was applied through furrows in three ways: alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), fixed furrow irrigation (FFI) and conventional furrow irrigation (CFI). AFI means that one of the two neighboring furrows was alternately irrigated during consecutive watering. FFI means that irrigation was fixed to one of the two neighboring furrows. CFI was the conventional method where every furrow was irrigated during each watering. Each irrigation method was further divided into three treatments using different irrigation amounts: i.e. 45, 30, and 22.5 mm water for each watering. Results showed that the soil water contents in the two neighboring furrows of AFI remained different until the next irrigation with a higher water content in the previously irrigated furrow. Infiltration in CFI was deeper than that in AFI and FFI. The time of water advance did not differ between AFI, FFI and CFI at all distances monitored, and water advanced at a similar rate in all the treatments. The Christiansen uniformity coefficient of water content in the soil (CUs) was used to evaluate the uniformity of irrigated water distribution and showed no decrease in AFI and FFI, although irrigation water use was smaller than in CFI. Root development was significantly enhanced by AFI treatment. Primary root numbers, total root dry weight and root density were all higher in AFI than in the FFI and CFI treatments. Less irrigation significantly reduced the total root dry weight and plant height in both the FFI and CFI treatments but this was less substantial with AFI treatments. The most surprising result was that AFI maintained high grain yield with up to a 50% reduction in irrigation amount, while the FFI and CFI treatments all showed a substantial decrease of yield with reduced irrigation. As a result, WUE for irrigated water was substantially increased. We conclude that AFI is an effective water-saving irrigation method in arid areas where maize production relies heavily on repeated irrigation. Received: 16 October 1999  相似文献   

8.
Water deficits and unusually warm soil temperatures can adversely affect conventional ridge sown systems. Increasingly serious water and temperature issues associated with global climate change may be problematic in the future, particularly in semiarid regions. This study explored the soil water and crop yield benefits of switching the sowing location of corn from ridges to furrows. Experiments were conducted over three years. Corn was grown in shallow furrow (SF) and deep furrow (DF) sown treatments until the V8 stage (eight visible leaf collars). New ridges were then built over the existing furrows. Grain yield was found to be higher in the SF and DF sown treatments than in a conventional ridge sown treatment (CR), especially in drought years. Switching sowing position from ridge to furrow could increase corn yield, directly, by improving soil moisture early in the growing season and, indirectly, by stimulating the growth of resource-capturing organs (e.g., leaves and roots). This simple and efficient approach to crop production in semiarid climates may be practical for the management of numerous agricultural systems, particularly those that are resource-limited, with greater vulnerability to the effects of global climate change.  相似文献   

9.
不同种植模式冬小麦耗水特性及产量试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过田间试验,研究了两种种植模式（传统平作和垄植沟灌）不同水分处理对冬小麦耗水特性和产量的影响。结果表明：相较于传统平作种植模式,垄植沟灌冬小麦的全生育期耗水量减少26.26~31.92mm,穗粒数和千粒重分别增加6.09%和3.79%,增产150.57~237.63kg/hm2,水分利用效率提高9.43%~10.39%;两种种植模式的耗水量和产量与水分处理呈正相关,但随着水分控制下限的提高,水分利用效率则先增大后减小;确定垄植沟灌为冬小麦适宜种植方式,并在L-70水分处理获得了最优的水分利用效率,达到1.91 kg/m3,产量达到7589.96 kg/hm2。  相似文献   

10.
[目的]针对关中地区冬小麦-夏玉米周年的生产特点,将垄沟集雨种植技术应用于作物周年生产,以期为冬小麦-夏玉米周年生产体系种植模式的改良提供依据。[方法]以西农979、郑单958为试验材料,设传统平作(CK)、垄沟配置为40cm∶40cm(R-F40)、40cm∶60cm(R-F60)、40cm∶80cm(R-F80)4个处理,探讨冬小麦-夏玉米周年生产条件下不同垄沟配置方式对农田土壤水分及作物产量的影响。[结果]小麦季R-F60和R-F80处理水分利用效率(WUE)增加;垄沟集雨各处理小麦籽粒产量随种植沟宽度增加呈上升趋势,其中R-F60、R-F80处理较CK仅减产1.75%、1.67%;集雨各处理灌溉水利用效率(IUE)显著提高,并随种植沟宽度增加增幅减小。在玉米季,集雨各处理WUE、产量显著提高,且随着种植沟变宽呈先增后降趋势。小麦-玉米周年WUE、产量显著增加,其中以垄沟配置为40cm∶60cm(R-F60)处理增幅最大,分别较CK增加12.75%、7.98%。[结论]垄沟集雨种植技术是调控作物高效节水的可行途径,其中R-F60处理是优化该地区冬小麦-夏玉米二熟制种植体系稳产高效节水的理想集雨栽培模式。  相似文献   

11.
夏玉米沟垄覆盖集水效果及生态效应研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
采用垄上覆膜集雨保墒、沟内种植的栽培方法,在半湿润易旱区的陕西关中红油土上进行了夏玉米田间试验,探讨覆膜集雨栽培对玉米产量、养分携出量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,覆膜集雨种植能明显提高夏玉米的籽粒产量、生物产量,有利于植株对养分的吸收利用;覆盖措施具有很好的蓄水保墒效果:在玉米灌浆期,覆膜使土壤0～100、0～200cm的贮水量分别比对照提高了8.2、17.1mm,覆膜覆草使土壤0～100、0～200cm的贮水量分别提高了13.6、23.0mm,覆膜覆草处理的集水效果更为显著,水分利用效率更高,平均每消耗1mm水分可生产玉米籽粒比覆膜处理提高了8%。  相似文献   

12.
Field experiments were carried out over a 2-year period on a loamy soil plot under corn in Montpellier (south-east France). The effectiveness of improved irrigation practices in reducing the adverse impact of irrigation on the environment was assessed. Different irrigation and fertiliser treatments were applied to identify the best irrigation and fertilisation strategy for each technique (furrow and sprinkler) to ensure both good yields and lower NO3- leaching. No significant differences in corn yield and NO3- leaching were found for the climatic scenario of 1999 between sprinkler and furrow irrigation during the irrigation season. Following the rainy events occurring after plant maturity (and the irrigation season), differences in N leaching were observed between the treatments. The study shows that both the fertiliser method, consisting of applying a fertiliser just before ridging the furrows, and the two-dimensional (2D) infiltration process, greatly influence the N distribution in the soil. N distribution seems to have a beneficial impact on both yield and N leaching under heavy irrigation rates during the cropping season. But, under rainy events (particularly those occurring after harvesting), the N, stored in the upper part of the ridge and not previously taken up by plants, can be released into the deeper soil layers in a furrow-irrigated plot. In contrast, the 1D infiltration process occurring during sprinkler irrigation events affects the entire soil surface in the same way. As a result the same irrigation rate would probably increase N leaching under sprinkler irrigation to a greater extent than under furrow-irrigation during an irrigation period. In order to assess the robustness of these interpretations derived from soil N-profile analysis, a modelling approach was used to test the irrigation and fertilisation strategies under heavy irrigation rates such as those occurring at the downstream part of closed-end furrows. The RAIEOPT and STICS models were used to simulate water application depths, crop yield and NO3- leaching on three measurement sites located along the central furrow of each treatment. The use of a 2D water- and solute-transport model such as HYDRUS-2D enabled us to strengthen the conclusions derived from the observations made on the N distribution under a cross-section of furrow. This model helped to illustrate the risk of over-estimation of N leaching when using a simplified 1D solute-transport model such as STICS.  相似文献   

13.
坡耕地玉米滴灌节水技术集成模式研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过对"大垄双行覆膜+膜下滴灌+垄向区田"和"行间覆膜+露地滴灌+垄向区田"两种集成模式条件下的玉米产量、经济效益以及水分利用效率的研究,结果表明:"大垄双行覆膜+膜下滴灌+垄向区田"集成模式从产量、经济效益和水分利用效率均好于"行间覆膜十露地滴灌+垄向区田"集成模式;利用RAGA-PIC模型对集成模式进行评价,各个指标的贡献率大小顺序依次为:产值,经济效益,水分利用率,玉米产量和投入费用,其中B2处理表现最好,为抗早节水提出了新的思路.  相似文献   

14.
垄沟灌溉种植对玉米光合特性及产量的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
通过田间试验,以传统种植模式平作为对照,研究了垄沟灌溉种植系统对玉米相对叶绿素质量浓度(SPAD)、光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,垄沟种植系统能增加玉米的相对叶绿素质量浓度、光合速率和水分利用效率;垄沟系统种植玉米和对照组的光合速率日变化均呈"单峰型"曲线;60cm垄宽的垄沟种植系统的玉米叶片水分利用效率和产量最高。  相似文献   

15.
为探寻种植方式与灌水模式对糯玉米生长及产量的影响,选择试验区域玉米生产中常用的3种种植方式[DM(全膜双垄宽窄行沟播)、C(全膜双垄等行距沟播)、CK(裸地平作)]和两种灌水模式{I0[播种期(75％～85％)θf、苗期-拔节前期(65％～75％)θf、拔节后期-孕穗期(70％～80％)θf、孕穗期-开花期(70％～8...  相似文献   

16.
The difficulty of choosing appropriate selection environments has restricted breeding progress for abiotic stress tolerance in highly variable target environments. Genotype-by-environment interactions in southern African maize growing environments result from factors related to maximum temperature, season rainfall, season length, within-season drought, subsoil pH and socio-economic factors that result in sub-optimal input application. In 1997, CIMMYT initiated a product-oriented breeding program targeted at improving maize for the drought-prone mid-altitudes of southern Africa. Maize varieties were selected in Zimbabwe using simultaneous selection in three types of environments, (i) recommended agronomic management/high rainfall conditions, (ii) low N stress, and (iii) managed drought. Between 2000 and 2002, 41 hybrids from this approach were compared with 42 released and pre-released hybrids produced by private seed companies in 36–65 trials across eastern and southern Africa. Average trial yields ranged from less than 1 t/ha to above 10 t/ha. Hybrids from CIMMYT's stress breeding program showed a consistent advantage over private company check hybrids at all yield levels. Selection differentials were largest between 2 and 5 t/ha and they became less significant at higher yield levels. An Eberhart–Russell stability analysis estimated a 40% yield advantage at the 1-t yield level which decreased to 2.5% at the 10-t yield level. We conclude that including selection under carefully managed high-priority abiotic stresses, including drought, in a breeding program and with adequate weighing can significantly increase maize yields in a highly variable drought-prone environment and particularly at lower yield levels.  相似文献   

17.
Water excess during winter limits crop development on heavy clay soil conditions of the Gharb valley (Morocco). The furrow system to eliminate these negative effects is the adopted solution. This article focuses on the development of a water transfer model through a furrow system during unsteady rainfall event to evaluate the runoff volume resulting from a reference rainy event. This model contains a production function associated to a transfer function. The production function is based on the Green-Ampt infiltration equation. The latter has been adapted to account for unsteady rain conditions and rainfall intermittence. The transfer function is based on the kinematic wave model, the explicit solution of which is coupled with the water excess generated by the production function. Simulated runoff in the furrows is collected by a drainage ditch evacuating the flow outside a plot of 1.3 ha. The similarity between parameters of a furrow irrigation model and those of the production function is advantageously used for model calibration.The proposed modelling approach shows capabilities to predict water amount and peak discharges evacuated from a plot of around 1 ha by a furrow system under unsteady rainfall events. As an application, it is used to evaluate the ability of the surface drainage system to evacuate the excessive volumes of water under typical rainfalls.  相似文献   

18.
覆膜方式对不同生态区大豆产量和水分利用效率的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
全膜微垄沟播种植技术是在全膜双垄沟播技术的基础上创新研发的一种集覆盖抑蒸、垄面集雨、垄沟种植为一体的新型地膜覆盖技术。【目的】明确西北半干旱雨养区地膜覆盖条件下旱地大豆在不同生态区产量的差异。【方法】于2014—2016年进行大田定位试验,以露地无覆盖(CK)为对照,设置了3种覆膜方式,分别为全膜微垄沟播(T1)、全膜双垄沟播(T2)、全膜覆土穴播(T3),研究半湿润偏旱区、半干旱区、半干旱偏旱区3种不同生态区地膜覆盖对大豆产量及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】与CK相比,在3个生态区均以T1处理产量最高,T2处理次之,T3处理最低;其中全膜微垄沟播不同生态区比较:半湿润偏旱区>半干旱区>半干旱偏旱区,分别较露地无覆盖CK增产58.5%、78.1%和95.3%;水分利用效率分别较CK提高65.9%、57.6%和56.1%。尤其在年降雨量500～600 mm生态区全膜微垄沟播增产效应最明显,平均产量达到4 318.2 kg/hm2,最高达到4 353.3 kg/hm2,较CK增产58.5%。【结论】大豆全膜微垄沟播种植技术在西北半干旱雨养区,增产效果明显,其推广应用可有效提高该区降水资源的高效利用,实现旱作雨养区大豆稳产高产。  相似文献   

19.
【目的】探讨垄沟宽度对垄膜沟播胡麻水分利用效率和产量的影响,为提高垄膜沟播胡麻经济效益提供依据。【方法】对25 cm垄沟宽垄膜沟播(R25)、35 cm垄沟宽垄膜沟播(R35)、45 cm垄沟宽垄膜沟播(R45)和露地条播(CK)4个栽培条件下胡麻田土壤水分、胡麻生物量、水分利用效率、产量进行了比较分析。【结果】覆膜处理可缩短胡麻生育期2 d,不同处理间出苗率差异较大。胡麻种植区、覆膜区土壤水分垂直变化总体随土层增加呈增加趋势。R25、R35处理的生物量变化趋势一致,先上升后降低,鲜质量和干质量均在灌浆期达到最大值;R45处理和CK的生物量变化趋势一致,鲜质量在开花期最高,干质量在成熟期最高。R25处理的水分利用效率和产量均高于其他处理,R25处理水分利用效率较CK提高了32.81%,产量较CK提高了16.67%。【结论】垄沟宽度是影响垄膜沟播胡麻水分利用效率和产量的重要因素,较小的垄沟宽度(25 cm)有利于提高胡麻水分利用效率和产量。  相似文献   

20.
为探讨北方寒旱区玉米机播技术配套的农艺措施,以哈尔滨地区为研究区域,研究了4种种植模式(垄作覆膜、沟作覆膜、垄作秸秆覆盖及传统种植)对玉米生长特性及根系时空分布的影响。结果表明,该地区玉米前期生长抑制主导因子为温度条件,垄作覆膜措施最优;后期主导因子为水肥条件,垄作秸秆覆盖措施最优。此外,覆膜措施倾向于形成浅层集中根系,秸秆覆盖措施易形成深层均匀分布根系。综合分析,北方寒旱区玉米机播技术配套的农艺措施宜选用秸秆覆盖措施,利于优化群体质量和提高整体产量水平。  相似文献   

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