共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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葛(Pueraria montana (Willd.) Ohwi)自然结实率不高,为了找到可靠的进行科学人工育种方法,本研究以葛为研究对象,采用I2-KI法、2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)法对葛花粉活力进行测定,采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定其柱头可授性。结果表明:(1)葛的花粉活力在开花前1 d最高,且此时花粉活性最强,开花后随散粉时间延长而逐渐降低,在开花后2~5 d有一个花粉活力较稳定的时期;(2)葛柱头可授性在开花后第1天最强,此后可授性下降并迅速在第5天不再具有可授性。本研究通过对葛花粉活力与柱头可授性进行研究,明确了葛花粉活力与柱头可授性最强的时间,推导出葛的最佳授粉方法是:采集开花前1 d的花粉对开花后第1天的柱头进行人工授粉,为进一步对葛进行科学人工育种提供了一定的数据支持。 相似文献
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为了观测狭瓣辣木和多油辣木改良种PKM-1开花散粉时期花部形态、花粉萌发率和柱头可授性的变化规律,本研究采用琼脂培养基萌发法测定花粉萌发率,用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性,结合田间花部性状随着时间变化的实际观测进行分析。结果表明,狭瓣辣木花朵开花之初,花药即完全打开并开始大量散粉,柱头直立,高于雄蕊;花朵开放后,柱头直立不变,高度逐渐低于雄蕊。PKM-1花朵开花之初,花药微微闭合,2 h后完全打开并开始大量散粉,柱头微微弯曲,高度低于雄蕊;花朵开放后,柱头逐渐弯曲,高度逐渐高于雄蕊。狭瓣辣木花粉萌发率在开花第2天达到最大值77%,呈现先上升后下降的趋势。PKM-1花粉萌发率在开花第1天达到最大值69%,之后迅速降低;狭瓣辣木和PKM-1柱头可授性均呈上升趋势,二者在开花第3天柱头可授性最强。在开花第1天,狭瓣辣木柱头具有微弱活性,而PKM-1柱头没有活性。在自然授粉条件下,狭瓣辣木花期柱头形态不利于其杂交授粉;在开花第2天采集花粉,在开花第3天柱头可授性最强时人工授粉,可以提高狭瓣辣木结实率和杂交成功率。本研究对于制定辣木杂交育种措施、提高辣木人工授粉效率和产量有重要意义。 相似文献
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万寿菊花粉活力及柱头可授性研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探明造成万寿菊雄性不育系结实率低的原因,对万寿菊花粉活力及柱头可授性进行了研究。采用花粉离体萌发法研究万寿菊自交系V-01花粉萌发适宜温度、花粉活力日变化和适宜贮存条件;用联苯胺-过氧化氢法检测万寿菊雄性不育系S-261、S-17-06-29、S-0191不育株柱头的可授性;水溶性苯胺蓝染色法检测花粉在柱头的萌发情况。结果表明：（1）万寿菊V-01适宜萌发温度介于25~30℃之间;V-01花粉活力日变化趋势为先升高后降低,11-13时采集的花粉萌发率最高;4℃干燥贮存是最适宜的花粉贮存条件。（2）万寿菊柱头形态呈‘γ’状时有可授性,可授性可持续3天。（3）万寿菊花粉授粉到柱头上1 h内即可萌发,授粉后2 h,花粉细胞达到花粉管内。 相似文献
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为探明国家二级保护植物肉果秤锤树不同开花散粉时期(1～11 d)花粉活力与柱头可授性的变化规律,本研究采用过氧化物酶法快速测定花粉活力,用联苯胺—过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性。试验结果表明：肉果秤锤树花粉在开花散粉后的1～11 d均具活力,花粉活力最佳时间段为花后4～7 d (花粉活力均保持在80%以上),其中第4天花粉活力最高,为85.57%;柱头可授性在开花后1～4 d逐渐增强,且花后4～8 d的柱头可授性达到最强,随后柱头可授性逐渐降低。肉果秤锤树花粉活力与柱头可授性的最佳时间之间有很大程度重合,建议在开花4～8 d进行花粉采集和授粉工作,可提高其授粉成功率和结实率。本研究可以为肉果秤锤树野生资源保护与人工繁育提供理论依据和参考。 相似文献
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‘砀山酥梨’花柱可授性及蜜蜂授粉特性的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采用半离体培养法和联苯胺-过氧化氢法研究了‘砀山酥梨’花粉萌发特性和柱头可授性。通过对‘酥梨’的最适授粉时间以及7种授粉处理坐果率的研究,探讨其授粉特性。结果表明：开花后每天酥梨柱头活性最佳的时间是11时至15时,柱头最佳授粉时间为开花后第4~5天;‘酥梨’花粉最适萌发温度为25℃,花粉管生长最有利的温度为22~25℃,在相同温度下,花粉萌发率和花粉管长度随时间增加而增加。7种授粉处理‘酥梨’的花朵坐果率中,没有昆虫授粉的‘酥梨’坐果率为0.48%和0.44%,自然授粉和人工授粉坐果率分别为2.83%和13.05%,‘酥梨’ב雪花梨’组蜜蜂授粉的坐果率为32.95%,新鲜花粉和商品花粉坐果率分别为70.2%和13.05%。由此可见,‘酥梨’是异花虫媒果树,蜜蜂可以在‘酥梨’柱头活性最高时进行授粉,从而提高‘酥梨’的坐果率,同时通过对‘酥梨’花器官生理活性和坐果习性的研究,为‘酥梨’的授粉和生产提供基础资料。 相似文献
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采用TTC染色法和联苯胺-过氧化氢法分别测定蒲公英的花粉活力与柱头可授性,并对开花持续时间进行观测以便为蒲公英生殖特性研究提供试验依据.结果表明,蒲公英花期持续时间为5～7 d,开花时间一般在每天的07:30～15:00.蒲公英花粉生活力试验结果显示,蕾期蒲公英花粉生活力为11.0%,开花后1～2d内的生活力为98.0%,3～4d生活力为89.5%,5～7 d生活力为81.7%;柱头可授性试验结果表明,蕾期柱头基本不具可授性,开花后4 h左右蒲公英柱头可授性达到最高,为96%;在同一天中,11:00～13:00柱头可授性都维持在一个较高的水平,达95%以上.因此,在开花当天或3 d内的中午至下午进行人工授粉效果较好. 相似文献
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为了选择适宜甘肃陇南地区栽培的银杏优良品种,探索不同品种的生长习性,从而为叶用和果用银杏栽培技术提供理论基础,从江苏省泰州市引进银杏品种‘七星果’、‘大佛手’、‘圆玲6号’和‘大马玲’,进行引种试验,对嫁接定植的1年生幼树进行成活率、萌生枝条类型、新梢生长量、物候期及净光合速率调查和观测,运用SPSS 17.0软件进行方差分析（LSD和Duncan法进行多重比较）。结果表明：嫁接成活率为：‘大马玲’＞‘大佛指’＞‘七星果’＞‘大佛手’＞‘圆玲6号’,均高于73.36%;引进的4个品种与当地栽培品种‘大佛指’相比,除了封顶期推迟了1~3天外,萌芽期、展叶期、叶全盛期和落叶期均不存在显著性差异;‘圆玲6号’单株萌生长枝数量和新梢生长量显著高于‘大佛指’,‘大马玲’单株萌生短枝数量显著高于其他品种,新梢生长量高于‘大佛指’;‘大佛手’、‘七星果’和‘圆玲6号’光合速率出现明显的双峰曲线,而‘大佛指’光合速率仅在10:00左右出现1次峰值,且在测定时间8:00、12:00、14:00、16:00的光合速率均显著低于其他品种。 相似文献
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通过对红丁香的花部特征观测、花粉形态扫描、花粉-胚珠比测定、柱头可授性测定、杂交指数判定及人工授粉实验,研究了红丁香的花部综合特征与繁育系统类型。结果表明:红丁香花期为5月底至6月初,单花花期5～6d;单花干柱头缩入式雌雄异位,长椭圆形、网脊光滑。雄蕊2～3枚,贴壁生长,花粉三孔沟;红丁香的花粉活力在开花第1天最高,之后逐渐降低,第5天活力丧失;柱头可授性先上升后下降,第4天达到顶峰;杂交指数(OCI)为4,P/O值为9 500,结合人工授粉实验认为,红丁香自交授粉部分亲和,异株授粉座果率高,其繁育系统属兼性自交,以异交为主,需要以昆虫作为传粉媒介。估算发现,红丁香单花序潜在的种子产量为8.6g,而实际花序的种子产量为2.3g左右,只占潜在种子产量的26.3%,具有巨大的提高产量空间。 相似文献
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为观察野生茶树雄性不育株开花生物学特性,探讨野生茶树雄性不育表型特征。以野生茶树雄性不育株及可育株为试材,田间观察了野生茶树的开花物候期、单花发育进程和花器形态特征,并采用离体萌发法、染色法测定其花粉活力和柱头可授性。结果表明：野生茶树雄性不育株开花物候期为9月上旬—10月上旬,全花期持续约29~33天,花期与对照材料相近。雄性不育花从花芽分化至花瓣凋谢平均历时约107天,比对照长14天。雄性不育花器结构具有典型的雄不育特征,表现为花冠开展度小,花丝弯曲畸形,花药彼此粘连,皱缩干瘪,不裂药,花药内无花粉或有微量败育花粉。雄性不育花雌性器官发育正常,柱头从开花前1天至开花后4天具有可授性,最佳授粉时间为开花后1天。所调查的野生茶树雄性不育类型属于花药败育型和花粉败育型。 相似文献
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为了研究多花黄精花部特征、开花习性、柱头可授性与传粉方式,在多花黄精花期定株定点记录观察开花习性、观察传粉昆虫;测量花部特征、测定柱头可授性.结果表明,多花黄精4月16日现蕾,4月29日开花,5月4日花朵凋谢.传粉昆虫为马蜂、蜜蜂和蚂蚁等.多花黄精的花冠直径为6.43 mm,花冠营长度约为1.43 mm,花丝长度约为1.00mm,花柱长度约为0.97 mm.开花第1天,柱头即有可授性;花开后第2天柱头可授性较强;花后第3天、第4天柱头可授性逐渐降低,第5天不具有可授性.该试验结果为黄精规范化栽培及良种繁育提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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Pollen viability and stigma receptivity in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lilium</Emphasis> during anthesis
Pollen viability and stigma receptivity are prerequisites for successful pollination and seed set in flowering plants. In this study, the pollen viabilities and stigma receptivities of nine Lilium genotypes (six cultivars and three species native to China) were assayed by in vitro pollen germination and the benzidine-H2O2 method, respectively. Embryo sac development during anthesis was observed to further ensure the timing of controlled pollination. In addition, the relationship between stigma secretion and stigma receptivity was studied to estimate the pollination time based on phenotype. Anthers cracked on the day of flowering in all genotypes, but pollen germination during anthesis was not observed in Asiatic hybrids excepted for ‘Tiny pudhye’, which exhibited low pollen viability for a short period of time (from 0 to 1 day after anthesis). In the other genotypes, pollen germination rates were highest on anthesis (five of seven genotypes), 0–1 day after anthesis (L. sulphureum), or 0–2 days after anthesis (one Longiflorum hybrid), and then gradually decreased with days after anthesis. While, stigma receptivity first increased and then decreased during anthesis. For most genotypes, stigmas began to be receptive 1 day after anthesis, and all genotypes exhibited stigma receptivity at 2 days after anthesis. The durations of stigma receptivity and strongest stigma receptivity, were genotype dependent, and were 5–8 days and 1–4 days, respectively. Moreover, on the first flowering day, 6 of 7 genotypes had mature embryo sacs, and at the time at which stigmas began to be receptive, all tested genotypes had mature embryo sacs. Some Lilium genotypes showed stigma secretion, which can be a sign of stigma receptivity. Stigmas became receptive and reached highest receptivity within 1 day of the first appearance of secretion on the surface of the stigma and at peaking, respectively. The results of this study are valuable for the implementation of successful Lilium breeding programs. 相似文献
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土壤水分对川早枇杷头花开花结果特性和花朵保护酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究土壤水分对早熟枇杷头花开花结果特性及花朵保护酶活性的影响,采用盆栽控水试验,以特早熟枇杷芽变新品系川早枇杷为材料,设置正常灌溉、轻度水分胁迫、中度水分胁迫和重度水分胁迫处理,研究了土壤水分对川早枇杷头花开花结果特性和花朵保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:在土壤水分胁迫下,川早枇杷头花花序长度、花序宽度、花序支轴数及花朵数减少,花蕾长、花蕾宽、花药长、花药宽、花丝长和花柱长均缩短,柱头可授性及柱头黏液分泌均减弱,花粉活力及发芽率降低,且这些指标均随土壤水分胁迫的加剧而呈降低或减弱的趋势。在土壤水分胁迫条件下,川早枇杷头花花朵的保护酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性均低于正常灌溉条件,且随土壤水分胁迫的加剧而降低幅度增大,说明川早枇杷头花花朵的抗氧化能力在水分胁迫条件下减弱,生物膜受损害程度增加。在土壤水分胁迫条件下,川早枇杷头花花朵坐果数、坐果率均低于正常灌溉条件,且随土壤水分胁迫的加剧而呈降低的趋势;但3种土壤水分胁迫条件均提高了川早枇杷头花果实种子数量。因此,花期土壤水分胁迫是造成川早枇杷头花坐果率低的重要原因。 相似文献
15.
Nolana L.f. is a large, diverse genus in the Solanaceae endemic to the coastal deserts of Peru and Chile. Floral development studies
were conducted in eight species (Nolana adansonii, N. aticoana, N. elegans, N. humifusa, N. ivaniana, N. laxa, N. plicata, and N. rupicola) as a precursor to breeding efforts and studies of interspecific sexual compatibility. Levels of stigma receptivity and pollen
viability were evaluated at different stages during flower development. Species were found to be receptive to pollination
over a wide range of floral developmental stages, including stages prior to anthesis. Pollen was found to remain viable throughout
the open flower period and into senescence. Floral development keys were developed which provide a visual reference correlating
morphological appearance of buds and flowers of each species at each developmental stage, and their corresponding durations
and levels of stigma receptivity. 相似文献
16.
F. R. Echer D. M. Oosterhuis D. A. Loka C. A. Rosolem 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2014,200(3):191-198
Cotton‐producing regions throughout the world often experience high night temperatures (HNTs), affecting flowering and yield in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of high nighttime temperatures on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of cotton during the floral bud and flowering stages. Growth chamber experiments were conducted in 2011–2012 and treatments included a control (day/night temperature of 32/24 °C) and two HNT treatments (32/29 °C from 8:00 pm to 12:00 am) for 3 weeks from the beginning of each phenological stage, i.e., first floral bud (B1) and first flower (F1). The results indicated that increased night temperatures (NTs) during the floral bud and flowering stages increased the rate of flower production per plant. However, no increase was observed in the final number of reproductive structures because the rate of floral abortion also increased for both treatments compared to the control. Additionally, the increase in night temperature during the floral bud stage reduced the sucrose content in the flower, resulting in decreased pollen viability and premature abortion of reproductive structures while the onset of flowering period was also delayed and lower accumulation of reproductive dry matter was observed. HNTs during the flowering stage reduced the number of seeds per locule and the number of seeds per boll. In general, higher than optimum NTs affected sucrose metabolism of the cotton flower and consequently its pollen viability. As a result the flowering period was delayed and a reduction in reproductive dry matter accumulation was observed due to premature abortion of reproductive structures. Finally, cotton is more sensitive to HNT at floral bud stage and this finding may be important to adjust cotton planting date, management and breeding. 相似文献