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云雄是云南省林业科学院经济林研究所历时20多年选育出的板栗新品种,通过优株选择、无性系评比试验、物候观测、授粉试验、花粉生活力测定、区域化栽培试验、产量和品质测定等多年的栽培研究。结果表明,该品种坚果大、品质优、产量高。用其授粉,平均成实率高达87.4%,且对主栽品种坚果增重明显,增重幅度为4.9%～26.3%。用云雄花粉人工辅助授粉,较自然授粉平均每公顷增产396.5 kg,增产率18.5%;坚果平均增重1.43 g,增长率16.4%。因此,在板栗栽培中,选用云雄作为授粉品种,对提高产量和品质具有重要作用。 相似文献
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以北京市怀柔区渤海所村栗园中喷施与未喷施草甘膦的实生树为对象,分析采收后（0个月）和贮藏（6个月）后板栗坚果表型和营养成分变化。结果表明,与贮藏前相比,贮藏后未喷施草甘膦的实生树坚果含水率、淀粉含量、可溶性糖含量分别显著增加5.42%,显著降低22.03%,显著增加191.48%;贮藏后喷施草甘膦的实生树坚果含水率、淀粉含量、可溶性糖含量分别显著增加7.97%,显著降低39.77%,显著增加293.65%。与未喷施草甘膦相比,贮藏后喷施草甘膦的坚果淀粉含量和可溶性蛋白含量分别显著性降低29.81%,增加51.05%,这表明草甘膦影响着板栗坚果的品质。 相似文献
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云雄是云南省林业科学院经济林研究所历时20多年选育出的板栗新品种,通过优株选择、无性系评比试验、物候观测、授粉试验、花粉生活力测定、区域化栽培试验、产量和品质测定等多年的栽培研究.结果表明,该品种坚果大、品质优、产量高.用其授粉,平均成实率高达87.4％,且对主栽品种坚果增重明显,增重幅度为4.9％～26.3％.用云雄花粉人工辅助授粉,较自然授粉平均每公顷增产396.5 kg,增产率18.5％;坚果平均增重1.43 g,增长率16.4％.因此,在板栗栽培中,选用云雄作为授粉品种,对提高产量和品质具有重要作用. 相似文献
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"湘栗7号"是我们从湖南省临湘市坦渡乡发现的板栗新品种。栗苞黄绿色,椭圆或近圆形;坚果椭圆或圆形,红褐色,单粒重13.5~17.5 g,果肉黄白色,细腻、糯性,味甜;出仁率78.5%,含水率49%~51%,淀粉54%,总糖13%,蛋白质8.7%,脂肪6.4%;每平方米冠幅面积产量0.41~0.63 kg;丰产稳产性强,大小年产量变幅在40%左右;出籽率36%~38%;抗桃蛀螟、栗瘿蜂、栗疫病;在湖南,坚果9月下旬至10月上旬成熟,南方板栗适栽区都可栽植。 相似文献
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《中国林副特产》2015,(6)
通过对小兴安岭地区22株核桃楸结实树的性状相关分析结果表明:2年的总结实量与丰年、欠年的结实量和冠幅、分枝数相关系数是0.977、0.959、0.576、0.544,相关极显著;2年的总结实量与树高、胸径相关系数是0.440、0.486,相关显著。各单株间坚果纵横径比值变幅为1.1~1.8,平均变异系数为14%,根据坚果形纵横径比值标准,划分出椭圆形、长形和圆形。果形与出仁率有较大关系,圆形平均出仁率最高达17.06%,其次是椭圆形平均出仁率16.24%,最低是长形平均出仁率为15.66%。根据核桃楸坚果出仁率和2年总结实量与各因子相关显著性,制定综合评定标准和选优方法。 相似文献
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空气湿度对澳洲坚果开花座果和果实生长的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
花期的澳洲坚果植株随着空气湿度的降低,其花粉育性降低、座果率及光合产物(叶绿素含量、总糖含量和淀粉含量)下降、幼果生长速度减慢。试验结果表明:空气湿度的降低导致叶片光合作用能力下降,干物质积累少,生物产量降低,花粉萌发率低、花粉管生长速度慢,造成花期不遇、授粉受精不良、座果率低,最后造成产量降低。不同品种受空气湿度胁迫的影响程度不同,品种的内部生理特性、花粉育性以及产量都存在差异。澳洲坚果生长的适宜空气湿度为日平均空气湿度在50%以上。 相似文献
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薄壳山核桃果实发育及脂肪酸累积变化规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究薄壳山核桃果实生长发育规律及果实品质特征,对‘Mahan’与‘Jinhua’这2个薄壳山核桃优良品种果实的横纵径、单果质量、脂肪含量及其各组分脂肪酸含量等生长性状指标进行了测定与分析。结果表明:1在果实发育过程中,2个品种果实的横纵径和单果质量的生长变化规律基本一致,均呈慢—快—慢的增长趋势,其发育过程均可划分为4个时期,其中‘Mahan’比‘Jinhua’早熟;2其粗脂肪含量均呈不断上升的增长趋势,7月下旬至10月中旬乃其油脂积累的重要时期,成熟果的果仁中主要含有油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸等11种脂肪酸组分,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量约占90%,油酸含量最高为78.81%;3随着果实的成熟,其饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐减少,而不饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐增加,‘Mahan’的不饱和脂肪酸含量高于‘Jinhua’,在果实成熟期间2个品种的油酸和硬脂酸含量均持续增加,而其亚油酸和棕榈酸含量均先增后降。 相似文献
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[目的]以新疆9年生的平欧杂种榛为研究对象,探讨氮、磷、钾不同施肥量对平欧杂种榛光合特性、产量和品质的影响,为新疆榛子产业发展提供合理施肥依据。[方法]采用“3414”田间肥料效应试验,测定氮、磷、钾不同施肥配比条件下对果仁膨大期榛子叶片的叶绿素含量和叶绿素最大光能转化效率的日变化及对产量和品质的响应。[结果]表明:平欧杂种榛的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)随着N肥的增加而增加;T5(N2PK2)对Fo、Fv和丽有显著调控作用;T9(N2P2Kj)榛果的纵径、横径、侧径、单果质量、果仁质量及出仁率比Tj(NoPoKo)分别平均增加9.96%、9.77%、11.99%、31.94%、10.13%和5.56%,粗脂肪和粗蛋白比Ti分别平均增加11.56%和16.67%。[结论]在新疆土壤养分中等条件下,N、P2O5、K2O施肥量纯量分别为1205.6、485.00、329.3 kg·hm^-2榛果达到了优质高产,有利于提高新疆平欧杂种榛的经济效益。 相似文献
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Turkey ranked third place in the world for chestnut production after China and South Korea and the country has unique chestnut forests including valuable and diverse chestnut genotypes. This study was conducted to select superior chestnut genotypes within seedling populations found in natural wild grown chestnut forest located in Isparta province in Turkey during 2010–2011 years. A total of 2500 wild grown chestnut trees were examined on the field first year and among them the most promising 22 genotypes were chosen according to relatively high yield capacity, earliness, tolerance to chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica), ink disease (Phytopthora cambivora), and fruit quality characteristics. The selected 22 genotypes were evaluated for their detailed morphological, phenological and pomological traits in 2010 and 2011. According to average of 2 years, nut weight, the number of nut per kilogram, nut width, nut length, nut height and nut shell thickness of 22 promising genotypes ranged from 10.26 to 22.32 g, 97.47 to 44.80/kg, 26.80 to 42.47, 16.92 to 25.91, 27.74 to 39.73, and 0.26 to 1.01 mm, respectively. The ash, crude protein, and total fat content of kernels were between 0.85 to 1.94, 3.69 to 7.06 and 1.32 to 4.52, respectively. The genotypes were evaluated with weighted ranking method and the highest general quality score was observed in genotypes of IY17, IY01, IY42, IY43 and IY12. 相似文献
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本文对广元市9个核桃良种的生长表现及坚果经济性状进行了分析。结果表明:(1)广元现有良种具有生长势中等偏强,具备丰产、稳产特性。同时,本地核桃品种多样性丰富,在特色品种开发方面,仍然有较大空间。(2)广元现有良种果形端正,果壳厚薄适中,坚果内褶壁基本退化,隔膜膜质,稀有革质,多数取仁易,出仁率高。在以后的品种推广中,应大力发展蜀朝2号、青川1号、旺核1号等品种果型大、出仁率高、耐储运的良种。(3)根据变异分析得出,三径均值、粗脂肪含量、出仁率变异系数较低,说明这些指标的遗传稳定性较高。(4)单果重、三径、壳厚、出仁率、粗脂肪含量、粗蛋白含量两两之间存在一定的相关性。这些相关性结果对于研究区域内核桃性状变异、性状指标间变化规律具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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贵州西部高海拔地区是多个油茶物种的分布中心,为发展其油茶产业,对其特色油茶物种怒江山茶和西南红山茶的经济性状及其茶油的脂肪酸组成进行测定,结果表明：怒江山茶果型和种粒较小,平均果重5.0 g,籽千粒重640.9 g,籽含油率32.3％,冠幅产果量和产油量分别为455.8 g/m2和62.0 g/m2,综合经济性状良好;西南红山茶平均果重10.87 g,籽千粒重899.7 g,籽含油率27.7％,冠幅产果量和产油量为406.7 g/m2和37.3 g/m2,具有较好的经济性状。2种油茶的种仁含油率和不饱和酸分别为,怒江山茶54.0％和87.32％,西南红山茶49.3％和87.29％。本研究表明两种油茶物种可作为贵州西部高海拔地区发展油茶产业的首选树种,并有着广阔的前景。 相似文献
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A basic understanding of the relationships between key phenotypic characters of the shea butter tree is considered a crucial
step to its genetic improvement. As such fruit samples of the shea butter tree, Vitellaria paradoxa, were collected from nine locations in July, 2006, to determine the fruit and nut characteristics of the species. The choice
of the locations was informed by the need to have as broad a picture of the trait diversity as possible. The nine locations
covered were Akwanga, Ilorin, Lokoja, Makurdi, Minna (in the Southern Guinea Savanna), Jalingo, Kachia (in the Northern Guinea
Savanna), Kano and Yola (in the Sudan Savanna), recognized as the main shea butter tree belt in Nigeria. Analysis of variance
indicated significant (P < 0.05) variations in fruit and nut traits across agro-ecologies and specific locations (representing individual accessions).
The Northern Guinea Savanna accessions had higher values for nut weight, nut length kernel weight and fruit weight. The Southern
Guinea Savanna fruits were, however, superior in percent pulp weight. Nuts sourced from Akwanga were comparatively heavier
and longer, had wider diameters, heavier kernels and higher percent testa weights which did not differ from those of Minna.
Also fruits from Akwanga had significantly (P < 0.05) higher values for fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight and pulp weight. The Lokoja accession was superior to
the rest in percent pulp weight, but it recorded least nut weight and nut length values. Nut shape index varied from 2.3 (Makurdi)
to 1.5 (Jalingo). Nuts from Akwanga, Jalingo and Kachia had wide variation in nut weight in contrast to those from Lokoja,
Makurdi and Yola (that were relatively similar). Fruit length had significantly (P < 0.05) positive relationship with pulp weight, fruit weight and fruit diameter. Nut diameter, however, had a negative relationship
with percent pulp weight. A strong influence of some environmental variables on certain phenotypic traits was detected. Principal
components analysis indicated nut weight, nut shape index, percent pulp weight and fruit shape index as the key discriminant
variables for grouping shea butter fruit and nut in Nigeria. Results of this study indicated considerable diversity in fruit
and nut traits of the shea butter tree in Nigeria, suggesting the possibility of selection for desirable traits. 相似文献
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