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1.
A method of inoculating wet and dry seeds with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) using alginate microbeads as a substrate and Azospirillum brasilense as the model PGPB was developed. The microbeads were produced by low pressure spraying of an alginate solution mixed with liquid bacterial culture suspended in a very rich medium through a small nozzle resulting in small-diameter droplets. These droplets, when sprayed into a slowly stirred solution of CaCl2, immediately hardened into microbeads at diameters ranging between 100 and 200 µm. Although the process killed part of the entrapped bacteria, the remaining bacteria residing in the microbeads were sufficient [>1011 colony-forming units (CFU) g-1 inoculant] for seed inoculation. Further, it was found that the bacterial population in the inoculant could be enhanced by secondary multiplication in the same medium for an additional 16 h. It was found that the microbeads could be used either wet or dry. Dry inoculant was produced using dry air at 38°C, creating a powdery substance loaded with >109 CFU g-1 beads. Alternatively, dry microbeads were produced using a standard freeze-drying procedure. This dry preparation was easily attached to dry seed surfaces with the addition of 1% alcohol-diluted lecithin or with 0.5% synthetic paper adhesive (Resistol). The bacteria were slowly released from the microbeads in amounts ranging from 104 to 106 CFU g-1 depending on the type (wet or dry, with or without skim milk) and the time of incubation (the longer the incubation period, the smaller the amount of bacteria released with time). The wet and dry inoculants enhanced the development of wheat and tomato seedlings growing in unfertile soil, and biodegraded within 15 days in moist soil.  相似文献   

2.
Three plant-growth promoting, N2-fixing methylotrophic strains isolated from rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.), viz, Methylobacterium sp. CBMB20, Enterobacter sp. CBMB30, Burkholderia sp. CBMB40, were selected, and their activities in promoting the early growth of rice were studied. Seeds treated with the methylotrophic strains improved seed germination, seedling vigor index (SVI), and biomass of rice seedlings. The methylotrophic population in the treated seedlings increased in the vegetative stages when compared to seeding stages. Treated seedlings showed a higher accumulation of plant hormones viz trans-zeatin riboside, isopentenyladenosine, and indole-3-acetic acid than untreated seedlings. Plant hormones were detected immunologically using the phytodetek kit. Conformational evidence suggested that cytokinins were produced by the epiphytic bacteria colonizing the plants rather than by the plants themselves. In addition, the inoculated early stage rice seedlings also exhibited a wide range of acetylene reduction activity. The results suggest the potential use of these bacteria to stimulate germination, SVI, and biomass production, which is mediated by production of plant hormone accumulation and nitrogen fixation.  相似文献   

3.
Our objective was to determine the combined effect of some plant growth regulators and nitrogen (N) on corn growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency. A potted experiment was conducted with two levels of growth regulators [i.e. with or without treatment with Seed king (Kinetine), Root king (Indole-butyric acid) and More king (Chitosan)], two maize cultivars (Calabar White and Obatanpa-98 and three nitrogen rates (0, 90 and 180 kg/ha in the form of urea). The measured parameters were growth attributes, nitrogen uptake, dry matter yield, harvest-index, shoot to root ratio, yield attributes and agronomic and physiological nitrogen use efficiency. Calabar White had taller plants (154.53 cm) more leaves (12.00) and larger leaf area (466.98 cm2) than obatanpa-98 at 6 weeks after sowing. The dry matter yield of both leaf and stem increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with increasing N rates but the growth regulators significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased only the leaf dry matter. The interaction between growth regulators and nitrogen significantly affected the leaf dry matter but not the stem dry matter. There was a considerable (P ≤ 0.05) increase in harvest-index (HI) at the 90 kg/ha N rate with growth regulators and Obatanpa-98 had better HI (30.81%) than Calabar White (27.41%). Obatanpa 98 also had much (P ≤ 0.05) higher grain yield (87.42 g/plant) than Calabar White (65.40 g/plant) but for both cultivars, the grain yield increased progressively with increasing N rate. The uptake of N differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) among the different partitions of maize (leaves, stems and grains) at various growth stages. Calabar White had the highest N uptake in the leaves and stem whether at silking or at harvest. Obatanpa-98 partitioned more N to the grains than Calabar White. Agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE) was highest (21.31 gg?1) at the 90 kg/ha N rate with Obatanpa-98 having a superior (20.26 gg?1) ANUE to Calabar White (15.94 gg?1). The physiological nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) was also highest (8.14 g/kg) at the 90 kg/ha N rate with Obatanpa-98 being more efficient (8.08 gkg) than Calabar White (6.26 g/kg). Thus, both cultivars treated with 90 kgN/ha with or without growth regulators would best optimize nitrogen fertilizer use. However, the growth regulators increased the yield of Calabar White significantly only when no N was applied. In contrast, they increased the yield of the hybrid Obatanpa-98 at all N rates especially at the 180 kgN/ha rate. Thus, under the low input cropping common with Calabar White, treatment with the growth regulators would boost yield. A combined treatment of 180 kg N/ha with the growth regulators would ensure the best yield of Obatanpa-98.  相似文献   

4.
The field experiment studied the effect of irrigation [irrigation 15 days before sowing (DBS), irrigation 15 DBS + rice straw mulch, irrigation 7 DBS and irrigation 7 DBS + one irrigation at flower initiation] and biofertilizers [no biofertilizer (control), Rhizobium inoculation and Rhizobium inoculation + phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB)] on chickpea growth. In mulch treatment, paddy straw mulch was applied at 4 t ha?1 one day after pre-sowing irrigation and was retained until sowing. Pre-sowing irrigation at 15 DBS showed 28.7 and 30.0% less plant stand than irrigation applied 15 DBS + straw mulch and irrigation applied 7 DBS, respectively. Nodulation was significantly higher with irrigation 15 DBS + mulch and irrigation 7 DBS than with irrigation applied 15 DBS. The grain yield was 16.6, 20.3 and 44.0% higher in irrigation 15 DBS + mulch, irrigation 7 DBS and irrigation 7 DBS + irrigation at flowering treatments, respectively, over irrigation at 15 DBS. Rhizobium inoculation significantly improved the number of nodules and nodule dry weight compared with no treatment. Grain yield was significantly higher with Rhizobium than in untreated plots. Water use efficiency was highest when irrigation was applied 7 DBS.  相似文献   

5.
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of selected halotolerant endophytic bacteria isolated from the roots of Salicornia europaea on the growth parameters of Beta vulgaris under different concentrations of salinity. Two endophytic strains were selected as inocula for the pot experiment: Pseudomonas sp. ISE-12 (B1) and Xanthomonadales sp. CSE-34 (B2). Surface-sterilised seeds were incubated in the bacterial inoculation suspensions before sowing and cultivated in a sterile mixture of sand and vermiculite (1:1). Six salinity treatments were taken into account: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 mM NaCl. Inoculation of seeds with B1 and B2 positively affected germination percentage and germination index and shortened mean germination time, which led to a quickening of the growth stages of seedlings. After 42 days inoculated plants had, in general, a greater root length, higher dry biomass, lower tissue water content and lower specific leaf area compared with the control. While the positive effect of B2 bacteria was visible only at low salinity, strain B1 stimulated plant growth at higher salinities (200 and 300 mM NaCl). We suggest that the superior growth promotion observed for B1 may be related to the higher metabolic activity of these bacteria.  相似文献   

6.
Among plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. are an important group affecting plant growth. Pigeon pea is an important pulse crop and most of the studies were aimed at using Pseudomonas spp. for pest management in pigeon pea. Seventy-five fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from diverse agroecosystems of India and evaluated for their plant-growth-promoting ability, primarily by the paper cup method. Seventeen selected isolates were further evaluated by short-term pot assay for plant growth promotion. Seeds treated with bacteria showed greater nutrient concentration and growth than the control. Isolate P17 showed significant growth promotion in terms of root length (54.5 cm), dry mass (323 mg), chlorophyll (24 spad units), carbohydrates (21.2 percent), nitrogen (2.45 percent), calcium (1.82 percent), iron (984 ppm), and manganese (564 ppm). Pseudomonas sp. P17 strain was identified as a potential PGPR for nutrient uptake and plant growth promotion in pigeon pea, and this finding paves a way for integrated plant nutrient management in rainfed agroecosystems.  相似文献   

7.
Mulching of Sclerotium oryzae infested soil (moist or dry) with polyethylene sheets during hot summer days of May and June increased the soil temperature at 5 cm from 36°C (unmulched) to 48°C (wet) and from 44 to 52°C (dry) and at 20cm from 32 to 38°C (wet) and from 35 to 39°C (dry). In artificially-infested soil, the sclerotia were not eradicated but 95–100% loss in viability was observed at 5 cm by a mulch treatment for 1 week and at 20 cm by mulching for 8 weeks. Mulching effects were not influenced by moisture content of soil or by amendments with lucerne or wheat straw. Mulching of naturally-infested soil at a second site did not eradicate S. oryzae but reduced sclerotial viability by 93%.  相似文献   

8.
The objective was to test the single and combined use of Pseudomonas spp. and Glomus versiforme on the stress of high zinc (Zn) concentration in soil on corn growth as such data are little. Accordingly, in a greenhouse research work the effects of Zn concentrations (control, 100, 200 and 300 mg kg ?1 ) and the microbial treatment (control, Pseudomonas spp. and G. versiforme) were tested on corn (single cross 704) growth. Almost three months after planting, plants were harvested. Plant dry weight and Zn uptake were determined. Zn significantly (P = 0.01) affected different measured parameters. The microbes increased plant dry weight related to the control treatment and the highest increase was related to the bacterial application (1.28 times higher). Both bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi and their combined use decreased Zn concentration in plant. The right combination of soil microbes can efficiently affect the process of bioremediation with respect to plant properties.  相似文献   

9.
ABSTRACT

Biochar and biochar–fertilizer concoction is imperative to subjugate reduced plant growth and soil fertility depletion which is a constraint for sustainable agriculture. The aspiration of the current research was to determine the plant growth response to wheat straw-derived biochar annexation in soils from two regions: Rawalpindi (semi-arid) and Thar (arid). Wheat straw (Triticum aestivum) was pyrolyzed at 300°C in a low-cost biochar retort kiln at different concentration rates (0%, 1%, 3%, and 7% by mass). Growth trend of Sorghum bicolor was observed in these soils for 40 days in a greenhouse. Fertilizer (NPK) (8.58% N, 4.39% P, and 3.48% K) was added to soil on the third day of seed germination. Soil physicochemical analysis, plant growth, and dry matter yield evaluation after the treatment signified the concomitant increase in dry matter yield along with enhanced soil fertility and plant growth.  相似文献   

10.
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of different weight of planting material and cutting on safed musli cultivation. Tubers were divided into three weight categories (3, 6 and 9 g bulk?1) and were either planted as whole or cut tubers. The plant growth and development were recorded at 60, 90 and 120 days after sprouting (DAS). The results showed that both factors had no interaction for all parameters measured. The sprouting percentage was not significantly different in all the treatments. The weight of planting materials used in the treatments had no influence on the overall plant growth and development. However, there was a significant difference observed between whole tuber and cut tuber treatments. At 90 DAS, tubers subjected to cutting encouraged the plants to produce the higher number of leaves (22.7) with improved total leaf area (642 cm2), fibrous root length (2795 cm) and tuber dry weight (7.8 g). The same pattern was observed at 120 DAS where the cut tubers produced the higher number of tubers (20.7) with increased length (8.6 cm) and diameter (6.6 mm). Consequently, these factors resulted in higher yield, 15.7 as compared to 13.6 g bulk?1 in non-cut treatment.  相似文献   

11.
The viability of sclerotia of Sclerotium oryzae was tested in both wet and dry soil under simulated elevated temperatures in either constant, cyclic or short temperature regimes. In wet soil viability was reduced to zero by a constant temperature of 45°C and above for 1 day or a minimum oven temperature of 55°C for 2 h. Viability of sclerotia were destroyed by either a 10-day constant temperature of 40°C or a 2-h temperature cycle for 3 days at 50°C or 12 days at 45°C. Below 40°C sclerotia were not affected. In dry soil at 60°C, a 3-day constant temperature or a 12 days 2-h temperature cycle eliminated sclerotial viability. Data on time and temperature relationships on loss in viability of sclerotia in soil could thus be used to predict efficacy of soil solarization.  相似文献   

12.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1381-1393
Abstract

Root and leaf ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity in Annona glabra L. (pond apple), native to subtropical wetland habitats and Annona muricata L. (soursop), native to nonwetland tropical habitats, was determined under iron (Fe)-sufficient and Fe-deficient conditions. One-year-old seedlings of each species were grown with 2, 22.5, or 45 µM Fe in a nutrient solution. The degree of tolerance of Fe deficiency was evaluated by determining root and leaf FCR activity, leaf chlorophyll index, Fe concentration in recently mature leaves, and plant growth. Root FCR activity was generally lower in soursop than in pond apple. Eighty days after plants were put in nutrient solutions, leaf FCR activity of each species was lower in plants grown with low Fe concentrations (2 µM) than in plants grown with high (22.5 or 45 µM) Fe concentrations in the nutrient solution. Leaves of pond apple grown without Fe became chlorotic within 6 weeks. The Fe level in the nutrient solution had no effect on fresh and dry weights of soursop. Lack of Fe decreased the leaf chlorophyll index and Fe concentration in recently matured leaves less in soursop than in pond apple. The rapid development of leaf chlorosis in low Fe conditions and low root and leaf FCR activities of pond apple are probably related to its native origin in wetland areas, where there is sufficient soluble Fe for adequate plant growth and development. The higher leaf FCR activity and slower growth rate of soursop compared to pond apple may explain why soursop did not exhibit leaf chlorosis even under low Fe conditions.  相似文献   

13.
Comparison of the effects of temperature on the growth in culture (increase in protein) of Frankia showed that three strains isolated from Casuarina were more tolerant of high temperature (45°C) than a strain from Alnus rubra. Optimal temperatures for growth of the Casuarina strains were in the range 25–30°C. Growth of the Alnus strain was good at 25°C but poor at 37°C. High temperatures (35–40°C) during storage for 7 months of these Frankia strains in sand, inoculated initially with liquid culture or with Frankia incorporated into alginate beads and permitted to dry, resulted in substantial loss of infectivity for the host plant species. Loss in infectivity was greater with an Alnus Frankia strain than strains from Casuarina cunninghamiana, C. equisetifolia and C. junghuniana. Three Frankia strains from C. equisetifolia were incorporated into a sand/perlite mixture with three different moisture regimes (field moisture capacity – wet: watered and maintained at field capacity; watered to field capacity but then allowed to dry – moderately wet; or watered to half field capacity and then permitted to dry – dry) and then stored for 12 weeks at 25°C and 35°C. Assessment by the most probable number (MPN) technique of the infectivity of the sand mixture for nodulation of C. equisetifolia showed significant interactions between Frankia strain, temperature and soil moisture content. The infectivity of Frankia strains ORS020607 and UGL020602q was not affected by incubation in wet sand at 25°C but fell by more than half after 12 weeks in moderate and dry conditions. Changes in infectivity were similar when incubation was at 35°C. By contrast, the infectivity of UGL020603q fell substantially under all moisture conditions and at both temperatures. The data show the importance of screening for tolerance of both temperature and moisture content when selecting strains for preparation of inoculum for use in hot climates. Received: 25 January 1996  相似文献   

14.
ABSTRACT

Nitrogen (N) is the “prime” among the three major nutrients required for plant growth. The large potential demand of nitrogen for plant growth is mainly achieved through biological nitrogen fixation. We have attempted to study the growth enhancement of rice crop under greenhouse conditions using the endophytic diazotrophic bacteria Lysinibacillus sphaericus. The effect of inoculation of L. sphaericus on yield and nutrient uptake was studied. All the parameters studied showed significantly higher values than that obtained in uninoculated absolute control. The highest yield was given by treatment T7 (seed and foliar) followed by T9 (soil and foliar) and T5 (seed and soil) and were statistically at par. The highest dry weight of grains was found to be in treatment T2 (13.0 g?1plant) which received soil treatment of L. sphaericus followed by T9 (12.2 g?1plant) which received combined application of L. sphaericus as soil and foliar treatment. It can be deduced from the results, there is a high influence of endophytic bacteria L. sphaericus in plant growth despite the mode of inoculation. This establishes the potential of diazotrophic endophyte L. sphaericus to limit the use of industrial N fertilizers thereby enhancing the fertility of the soil.  相似文献   

15.
Six green roof substrate blends were created by using composts sourced from local suppliers and the Michigan State University Student Organic Farm. Bulk density, field capacity, total porosity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity were determined for each substrate and compared to an un-amended expanded shale aggregate. Significant differences were detected in all measured physical properties. A plant growth study was conducted in a greenhouse. Ocimum basilicum (basil), Sedum floriforum (sedum), and Carex eburnea (bristleleaf sedge) were grown in a depth of 10 cm of all six substrates for 6 months. The greatest dry shoot masses in bristleleaf sedge and sedum were twice those of the smallest masses. The largest wet harvest of basil was four times greater than the smallest harvest. Runoff water was collected after simulated precipitation events on regular intervals during the plant growth study and analyzed for nitrate and phosphate concentrations. Ion concentrations were greatest on the first measurement date and decreased rapidly with time. Compost selection had a strong impact on initial nitrate and phosphate concentrations, but the influence of compost on concentrations diminished with time. Overall, compost selection was found to have measureable and meaningful impacts on green roof substrate performance.  相似文献   

16.
The biodegradable portion of city waste is a potential source of plant nutrients, and appropriate techniques of composting can convert it to quality compost with higher nutrient content and lower levels of pathogenic microorganisms. An amount of 68.19 tons of waste is generated in Imphal City, Manipur, India, of which 24.84 tons were biodegradable. Of the total biodegradable municipality waste (MW), 20.7 tons were produced in households and the vegetable markets of the city. The MW were found to contain pathogenic bacteria (PB), namely, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Micrococcus spp., and Enterobacter spp. in the range of 6.35–9.28 (log cfu/g dry biomass), and agriculturally beneficial bacteria (BB), namely, phosphate solubilizers, Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., and cellulose degraders in the range of 6.25–8.83 log cfu/g dry biomass. Pre-treatment of the MW by exposure at temperatures of 27°C–50°C in a greenhouse for 5 days could not reduce the level of PB and BB, but by heating at 100°C for 8 h followed by 30°C for 16 h of a day for three consecutive days, the PB (except Micrococcus spp.) could be eliminated. Aerobic composting of the mixture of MW with cow dung (CD) and rice straw (RS) and by inoculation with epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida, produced high quality manure as evident from more finer particle (56.6%), higher nutrient (2.19% N) content, higher population of BB (7.03–9.19 log cfu/g dry biomass), and reduced level of PB (6.87–8.09 log cfu/g dry biomass).  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of vermicompost, vermiwash, and phosphate rock on plant, total phenols, flavonoids, and anti-oxidant activity in Piper auritum Kunth leaves. P. auritum plants were obtained from cuttings and were planted according to the Box-Behnken experimental design with three repetitions at the central point. The factors and levels were vermicompost (10, 20, and 30 g plant?1), vermiwash (5, 10, and 15 mL plant?1), and phosphate rock (1, 2, and 3 g plant?1). Plant growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, leaves number) and chlorophyll content were measured 1 month after treatment applications. Total phenols, total flavonoids, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity was measured after 4 months. Vermicompost, vermiwash, and phosphate rock had no statistically significant effect on plant growth. Plant height, stem diameter, leaves number, chlorophyll, innermost number, fresh weight stem, fresh weight leaves, fresh weight root, dry weight stem, dry weight leaves, and dry weight root were not different among treatments. Total phenolic compounds were statistically affected for both vermiwash and phosphoric rock (p < 0.05) and the anti-oxidant activity decreased by vermicompost addition. The application of 15 mL plant?1 vermiwash, 1 g phosphate rock, and 20 g vermicompost plant?1 increased the total phenol content.  相似文献   

18.
Degradation of chitin, which is an aminopolysaccharide used as a soil amendment, has been often monitored in soil via its degradation products such as carbon dioxide and ammonium. We report here the applicability of thermogravimetry to measure the amount of chitin added to soil. The maximum pyrolysis rate of the upland surface soil of Brown Forest soil supplemented with chitin was strongly correlated with added chitin content (r = 0.999) when the content exceeded 6.0 g kg?1. The maximum pyrolysis rates of chitin-added soil (around 385°C) was distinctive from those of soil supplemented with cellulose, chitosan, N-acetylglucosamine, and N,N’-diacetylchitobiose (around 340°C, 300°C, 200°C, and 240°C, respectively), indicating the specific detection of chitin. Soil incubation study demonstrated that 60 g kg?1 chitin added to the soil declined exponentially (r = 0.993) within days and could not be detected at 90 days after the addition of chitin. Total carbon (C) content also decreased within days whereas total nitrogen (N) remained almost constant over the 90 days. The amount of ammonium-N increased in the initial 30 days after the addition of chitin and reached about 3.6 g kg?1, which corresponded to the amount of N in the added chitin (4.1 g kg?1) while the amount of nitrite-N and nitrate-N were below 2.0 and 15 mg kg?1, respectively. Comparison of the measured ammonium-N and total-C contents with those calculated from the measured chitin-content implied that addition of chitin enhanced degradation of native organic compounds in soil.  相似文献   

19.
The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of conventional chemical fertilizer (urea),conventional biofertilizers (charcoal based) and organic matrix entrapped biofertilizer; (OMEB: a consortium of Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomnas putida entrapped with clay soil, neem leaves, and cow dung in ratio of 1:1:1 and 15% saresh (plant gum of Acacia sp.) in various doses on growth parameters of Rauwolfia serpentina in terms of root length, shoot length, number of leaves, number of roots and fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots. Replacement of conventional chemical fertilizer by the consortium of biofertilizers (un-entrapped) increased plant growth in a dose dependent manner up to triple dose of the recommended dose (RD) of biofertilizers (1.80 kg ha-1). This increase in plant growth was not up to the level which appeared in the application of RD of urea. Entrapment of the same biofertilizers in an organic matrix mentioned above enhanced the plant growth similar to that observed for urea. The percentage increase of 9.57 and 7.54 in fresh weight (FW) and 11.93 and 11.12% in dry weight (DW) of shoot and 17.94 and 37.87% in FW of roots and 31.90 and 50.08% in DW of roots were recorded in 75 days old plant by the application of OMEB- triple dose over the conventional biofertilizers triple dose and recommended dose of urea. Conventional biofertilizers enhanced the availability of nitrate, nitrite and phosphate in the roots and leaves of the plant over application of urea as well as conventional biofertilizers. This formulation also increased alkaloid contents of in the roots of this plant. Microbial population of soil was also improved indicating enhanced soil fertility with application of OMEB. The results indicate that replacement of chemical fertilizers with microbial biofertilizers is possible with application of higher dose of biofertilizers entrapped into the organic matrix for the cultivation of medicinal plants like R. serpentina.  相似文献   

20.
Cadmium-contaminated soils can be re-used and also produce biomass energy if we plant soybeans or other biomass crops in the contaminated sites. In this study, two soils with pH values of 5.9 and 6.7 were artificially spiked to make their final total concentration as CK (about 1.0), 3.0, and 5.0 mg Cd kg?1. Different amendments were mixed with these artificially Cd-contaminated soils to study the effect on the growth and Cd uptake of soybean, which include control (without amendment addition), powder-activated carbon (1%), and biosolids (sludge, 5%), respectively. Three kilograms of the treated soils was added into each pot and sowed 10 seeds of soybean (Leichardt species). The experiment was conducted in a 25°C greenhouse and controlled the soil water contents in the levels of 50–70% water holding capacity during the experimental period. Plants were harvested after growing for 90 days, and their fresh weights, dry weights, and plant heights were determined and recorded. Compared with the lower pH soil (5.9), soybeans were higher and have higher fresh weights and dry weights when growing in the higher pH soil (6.7). For most of the treatments, the two amendments had no significant effects on the plant heights of soybeans. For 3.0 or 5.0 mg Cd kg?1 soil, the application of biosolids has significant effect on increasing the fresh weights and dry weights of soybeans (p?<?0.05). However, there were no specific effects of applying activated carbons on the fresh weights and dry weights of soybeans.  相似文献   

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