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1.
Effects of kefir on coccidial oocysts excretion and performance of dairy goat kids following weaning
Daş G Ataşoğlu C Akbağ HI Tölü C Yurtman IY Savaş T 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):1049-1055
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of kefir, a traditional source of probiotic, on coccidial oocysts excretion
and on the performance of dairy goat kids following weaning. Twin kids were randomly allocated to one of two groups at weaning.
Kids of the first group received 20 ml of kefir daily for 6 weeks (KEF), while kids in the control group were given a placebo
(CON). Individual faecal samples were regularly (n = 18 per kid) taken to quantify the number of coccidial oocysts per gram of faeces (OpG). There were no differences between
the groups in terms of body weight development (P > 0.05) and feed consumption. Kids of both groups were not able to consume enough feed to meet their nutrient requirements
during the first 3 weeks following weaning. KEF had a lower frequency of OpG positive samples than CON (P = 0.043). Kefir did not affect the maximum oocyst excretion and age of the kids at the highest oocyst excretion (P > 0.05). KEF shed numerically 35% lower coccidial oocysts than the controls, which corresponded to a statistical tendency
(P = 0.074) in lowering Log-OpG in comparison to CON. While KEF had a lower frequency of OpG positive samples and tended to
shed lower OPG by around one-third, the frequency of diarrhea, level of highest oocyst excretion, and performance of the kids
remained unaffected. Therefore, it is concluded that overall effects of kefir do not have a significant impact on sub-clinical
infection and performance in weaned kids under relatively high-hygienic farming conditions. 相似文献
2.
The objective of this study was to compare serum IgG concentrations, blood metabolites indicative of nutritional status, weight
gain and mortality rate in goat kids fed a commercial colostral supplement containing immunoglobulins against several pathogen
microorganisms, prior to the ingestion of the mother colostrum, and goat kids ingesting natural colostrum only. There was
no difference in serum IgG concentrations between 27 kids fed a colostrum supplement (20 g, derived from cow lacteal secretions)
prior to the kids’ first meal (658 ± 703 mg dl−1) and 21 kids ingesting maternal colostrum freely (1011 ± 1140 mg dl−1) at 24 hours of birth. Hematocrit values, serum glucose and urea concentrations at 24 hours and 5 days of age were unaffected
by treatment. Serum total proteins were 14% higher (P < 0.05) in the unsuplemented group than in the supplemented group at 5 d of age. There was no significant difference between
the supplemented and unsupplemented kids in daily weight gain from birth to 70 days of age (92 ± 4.8 vs 102 ± 5.1 g day−1). Mortality was 4% for kids receiving the colostrum supplement as compared with 0.0% for kids ingesting maternal colostrum
only. Results suggest that, in intensively managed non-dairy goats with kiddings in summer, the supplementation of this commercial
colostrum derived from cow lacteal secretions and containing antibodies against diverse pathogens organisms did not enhanced
growth, survival or immunity under the farming conditions of this study. 相似文献
3.
A. Ruiz J. F. Gonzlez E. Rodríguez S. Martín Y. I. Hernndez R. Almeida J. M. Molina 《Zoonoses and public health》2006,53(8):399-402
A survey of Eimeria infections was performed in dairy goats and kids (<6 months old) of six farms from a dry desert area of Gran Canaria Island (Spain). The number of oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG) was determined by a modified McMaster technique over a total of 2616 individual faecal samples taken from the rectum in monthly intervals. Eimeria oocysts were found in 96.1% of the samples with OPG ranging from 1 × 102 to 1.4 × 106. Kid goats had significantly (P < 0.001) higher OPG counts (46 496 ± 5228) than dairy females (2225 ± 287). Eight Eimeria species were identified, with Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae (30.0%), Eimeria arloingi (28.6%) and Eimeria alijevi (20.5%) being the most frequent species followed by Eimeria caprina (9.1%), Eimeria christenseni (4.5%), Eimeria jolchijevi (3.4%), Eimeria caprovina (3.2%) and Eimeria hirci (0.7%). Although significant differences were observed among goat groups and herds, the eight species were present in the six farms in both dairy goats and kids. The intensity of oocysts shedding was related to some factors such as the size of the herd and was further influenced by the prevailing climatic conditions of the area. The highest OPG counts were recorded during the hot season in dairy goats and close to weaning time in kids reared in small farms having no prophylactic treatments against eimeriosis. 相似文献
4.
Namazi F Namavari MM Rahimi E Lotfi M Tahamtan Y 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(7):425-431
The Apicomplexan parasite Besnoitia caprae infects wild and domestic goats. Knowledge on Besnoitia caprae specially an optimized animal model is sparse. Experimental infections with tachyzoites of BC-Pars obtained from BALB/c mice
were conducted in outbred mice to determine the infectivity and LD50 of Besnoitia caprae. Six groups of five mice were intraperitoneally infected with 12.5 × 103, 25 × 103, 5 × 104, 1 × 105 and 2 × 105 tachyzoites and a control inoculum of DMEM, respectively. Although morbidity and mortality were observed in all groups, two
mice in the 12.5 × 103 group showed alopecia and skin lesions on 60 days post-infection (DPI). Histopathological and molecular examination of skins
confirmed B. caprae infection. The LD50 was calculated as 25 × 103.2 tachyzoites per mouse. The results indicate that outbred BALB/c mice can be used as a suitable model of besnoitiosis and
to screen candidate treatments and to test the efficacy of vaccines for besnoitiosis. 相似文献
5.
Comparison of the pathogensis of two isolates of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Besnoitia caprae</Emphasis> in inbred BALB/c mice 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ahmad Oryan Fatemeh Namazi Mohammad-Mehdi Namavari Hassan Sharifiyazdi Marjan Moraveji 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(5):423-434
This study was performed to evaluate the infectivity of bradyzoites of two Besnoitia caprae isolates, BC-1 and BC-2, to inbred BALB/c mice. Each group of inbred BALB/c mice was inoculated intraperitoneally with 1 × 103, 1 × 104, 1 × 105, 5 × 105 and 1 × 106 of one of the two isolates of B. caprae bradyzoites. The mice were monitored daily for a period of 40 days for survival. After death of each mice, several passages
from its peritoneal washing and tissues were analyzed using ribosomal DNA-specific PCR assay. Marked differences in pathogenicity
between the isolates were seen. All the inbred BALB/c mice infected with BC-2 survived but all the mice that were administered
with 1 × 05, 5 × 105 and 1 × 106 BC-1 bradyzoites were died within 4–9 days post-infection (DPI). Histopathological examination of the tissues of the dead
mice revealed hyperemia and necrosis with presence of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration in myocardium, spleen
and intestines together with interstitial pneumonia and peritonitis. All inbred BALB/c mice in the 1 × 103 and 1 × 104 groups of BC-1 inoculated mice survived and they were euthanized after 40 DPI. Chronic inflammation with infiltration of
mononuclear cells was evident in myocardium, spleen, alveolar septa of the lungs of most of the examined tissues with hemorrhagic
enteritis in the mice infected with 1x106 bradyzoites. The mice infected with different doses of BC-2 were euthanized after 40 DPI and no lesion was seen in histopathological
sections of their organs. All peritoneal washings and examined tissues were PCR positive in BC-1 group. This experiment is
the first report to show inbred BALB/c mice as a relevant model for B. caprae and demonstrates that this strain of inbred BALB/c mice is a suitable animal model for biological studies and examination
of pathogenesis for this species of Besnoitia. The present findings also provide evidence for significant differences between the two isolates of B. caprae. 相似文献
6.
Sahinduran S Albay MK Sezer K Ozmen O Mamak N Haligur M Karakurum C Yildiz R 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):453-457
The aim of this study was to examine the coagulation profile in peste des petits ruminant (PPR) in kids. Five kids from a
group of 150 animals (72 goats and 78 kids) were brought to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from a farm in Burdur
province (Turkey) with nasal and ocular discharges and diarrhea. Fifteen goats and 41 kids had died due to diarrhea and three
kids were presented to the Department of Pathology for diagnosis. Blood samples were taken from 12 ill animals (infected group)
for haematological and biochemical analysis. In addition, five healthy kids were examined from another healthy flock (control
group). Leukocyte and lymphocyte numbers of infected group showed significant declinations in comparison to control group
(≤0.001). Haemorrhages in all organs of digestive system and small haemorrhagic areas in liver were caused to decrease in
erythrocyte and haematocrit values (p ≤ 0.001) in infected group. Concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (p ≤ 0.01) and creatinine (p ≤ 0.001) in infected group were significantly higher than control group. Compared to control group, significant increases
were determined in serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p ≤ 0.01), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p ≤ 0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p ≤ 0.001) in the infected group. No significant differences were observed between the infected and control groups for serum
gamma glutamyl-transferase (GGT) concentration value. In our study, thrombocytopenia (p ≤ 0.001) together with prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT; p ≤ 0.01) and prothrombin time (PT; p ≤ 0.001) may show that disseminated intravascular coagulopathy which can occur in kids with PPR. 相似文献
7.
Mellado M Véliz FG García JE De Santiago Á 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):389-394
Data from 82 kiddings from mixed-breed (native x dairy goats) goats reared on rangeland (n = 47) or confinement (n = 35) were used to determine the influence of various factors on length of labour, standing of newborn kids and time to first
suckling in pluriparous goats. Both groups were mated at the same time to bucks of the same genotype in February. During the
kidding time in July, the goats were monitored for 24 h in order to register parturition traits and kid birth weight and body
measurements. For all goats, blood samples were collected at parturition in order to establish the nutritional state of goats.
Grazing goats had lower body weight and body condition score (P < 0.01) than pen-fed goats, as well as lower values for some blood metabolites indicative of low body energy reserves. For
both grazing and pen-fed goats, the majority of kiddings (>93%) occurred during daylight hours. No kiddings were registered
from 2300 to 0500 hours. No effects of height at withers, thoracic circumference and sex of kids at birth were found to influence
length of labour. Labour was shorter (P < 0.01) for pen-fed does than grazing goats (10.6 ± 1.18 min vs. 15.4 ± 1.2 min; mean ± SD). The length of parturition was
considerably longer (P < 0.05) for twin-bearing does than for single-bearing does (16.6 ± 1.76 min vs. 11.2 ± 0.81 min, respectively). The interval
between parturition and standing of kids was shorter (P < 0.05) for kids from litters weighing >3.3 kg (entire litter) than kids from litters with <3.3 kg (22.7 ± 1.82 min vs. 31.1 ± 2.76 min).
Time to first suckling was longer (P < 0.05) for kids delivered from pen-fed does than kids from grazing does (57.8 ± 7.57 min vs. 42.9 ± 3.05 min). These results
confirm that, independently of type of production system (intensive or extensive), kiddings of does are concentrated during
daylight hours. These results also indicate that conformation of kids does not alter duration of labour, and that nutritional
stress of goats during gestation (extensive conditions) does not interfere with the neonate’s level of alertness and arousal. 相似文献
8.
Liveweight (LW) of does and bucks of the native Creole goat breed and crosses of Creole does and Nubian bucks, aged 1.5–5
years, were recorded and body traits including: head length (HL), head width (HW), body length (BL), trunk length (TL), chest
girth (CG), abdominal perimeter (AP), rump length (RL), and height at withers (HW) were measured to develop equations for
predicting LW from the body measurements. Weight, sex, breed and kidding date of 354 kids were recorded at birth, and LW of
the kids was measured monthly for one year to determine the effect of kidding season on growth rate. Bucks had higher (p < 0.05) body measurements than the does (HL 15.1 ± 0.1 vs 16.6 ± 0.2 cm; BL 97.6 ± 0.4 vs 104.6 ± 1.2 cm; CG 78.8 ± 0.4 vs
79.9 ± 1.0 cm; AP 82.4 ± 0.5 vs 87.2 ± 1.1 cm; HW 62.7 ± 0.4 vs 70.1 ± 0.8 cm). With the exception of TL, F2 does had higher (p < 0.05) body measurements and LW (28.8 ± 1.5 vs 27.7 ± 0.5 kg) than Creole does. The body traits of the F1 does were similar (p > 0.05) to those of Creole does with the exception of HL, BL and HR. The F2 kids were heavier (p < 0.05) at birth (3.31 ± 0.1 vs 2.60 ± 0.1 kg) and grew faster than the Creole kids. Male kids were heavier (p < 0.05) at birth (3.21 ± 0.10 vs 2.73 ± 0.13 kg), and grew faster than female kids. Season had a significant effect on birth
weight. The results showed that LW of Creole goats and Creole × Nubian does could be estimated in the field using body traits.
Birth weight and growth rate of kids could be improved by management practices that affect season of kidding. 相似文献
9.
Effects of supplementation and milking of Matebele does four weeks pre-partum to weaning, on milk yield, kid birth weight
and growth rate were studied. Forty does were divided into four treatments: supplemented and milked (SM), supplemented and
not milked (SNM), not supplemented and milked (NSM); and not supplemented and not milked (NSNM). Supplemented goats were given
200 g/doe/day of Dichrostachys cinerea pods containing 19% CP. The study was carried out in September during time of feed unavailability and animals were grazed
on rangelands for seven hours before being given the supplement. Fifty-six kids were born from all the experimental animals
and 24 were singles whereas 32 were twins. Milk yield was higher (P < 0.05) in supplemented than non-supplemented does. Although supplementation had no effect on kid birth weights, growth rates were
higher (P < 0.05) in the SNM group (103 ± 10.1 g/day) than in the SM group (74 ± 10.8 g/day). Among the non-supplemented groups, kids from
milked does had higher (P < 0.05) daily gains (85 ± 10.9 g/day) than those from non-milked does (67 ± 10.7 g/day). Weaning weights were higher (P < 0.05) in SNM does (12.8 ± 1.30 g/day) than in the SM does (10.2 ± 1.17 g/day). Among kids from the non-supplemented does, those
from milked does had superior (P < 0.05) weaning weights (11.2 ± 1.23 g/day) than those from non - milked does (9.2 ± 1.27 g/day). Mortalities were also lowest in
kids born from SNM does. It is concluded that pre-partum to weaning supplementation generally increases milk production which
then increases kids growth rates and weaning weights, as well as reduce kid mortalities. 相似文献
10.
Barazandeh A Moghbeli SM Vatankhah M Mohammadabadi M 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):811-817
Data and pedigree information used in the present study were 3,022 records of kids obtained from the breeding station of Raini
goat. The studied traits were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), average daily gain from birth to weaning (ADG) and Kleiber
ratio at weaning (KR). The model included the fixed effects of sex of kid, type of birth, age of dam, year of birth, month
of birth, and age of kid (days) as covariate that had significant effects, and random effects direct additive genetic, maternal
additive genetic, maternal permanent environmental effects and residual. (Co) variance components were estimated using univariate
and multivariate analysis by WOMBAT software applying four animal models including and ignoring maternal effects. Likelihood
ratio test used to determine the most appropriate models. Heritability
( \texth\texta2 ) \left( {{\text{h}}_{\text{a}}^2} \right) estimates for BW, WW, ADG, and KR according to suitable model were 0.12 ± 0.05, 0.08 ± 0.06, 0.10 ± 0.06, and 0.06 ± 0.05,
respectively. Estimates of the proportion of maternal permanent environmental effect to phenotypic variance (c
2) were 0.17 ± 0.03, 0.07 ± 0.03, and 0.07 ± 0.03 for BW, WW, and ADG, respectively. Genetic correlations among traits were
positive and ranged from 0.53 (BW-ADG) to 1.00 (WW-ADG, WW-KR, and ADG-KR). The maternal permanent environmental correlations
between BW-WW, BW-ADG, and WW-ADG were 0.54, 0.48, and 0.99, respectively. Results indicated that maternal effects, especially
maternal permanent environmental effects are an important source of variation in pre-weaning growth trait and ignoring those
in the model redound incorrect genetic evaluation of kids. 相似文献
11.
Francisca Rumosa Gwaze Michael Chimonyo Kennedy Dzama 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1235-1242
It is often inappropriately assumed that the contributions of goats to household economies are similar across flock sizes.
A monthly questionnaire was administered to 19, 21, and 13 farmers in Matatiele and Qawukeni and Mankone. Entries and exits
to and from each flock were assessed. Most (P < 0.05) kids were born in August (4.92 ± 0.362 and 2.03 ± 0.329 for large and small flocks, respectively). Total entries
were higher (P < 0.05) in August, September, and October than in the other months. Kid mortality peaked in May and September at 21%. Most
(P < 0.05) goats were sold in December (1.06 ± 0.127 for large flocks and 0.23 ± 0.135 for small flocks). Goat production efficiency
(GPE) was affected (P < 0.05) by month and flock size. The GPE was higher (P < 0.05) in small than in large flocks. The low GPE values obtained in this study indicates the need to devise other indices
that factor in the neglected functions of goats when measuring goat production efficiency in communities where the main function
of goats is not for sale or consumption. 相似文献
12.
A Boer goat breeding farm with 800 heads of breeder females, 50 breeder males, and 400 growing goats of various ages in Sabah,
Malaysia was selected to study the effect of implementing herd health program. This included vaccination program against pneumonic
mannheimiosis; fecal monitoring for helminthiasis, coccidiosis, and colibacillosis; and introduction of modified feeding regime
comprised of day-time grazing and feeding of cut grass and supplemented feed. The herd health program was implemented in September
2007 and the impact was observed on body weight gains, body scoring, and annual mortality among adults and kids. It was found
that implementation of herd health program significantly (p < 0.05) increased the average body weight gains in both adults and kids from 1.8 g per kid and 0.6 g per adult in 2006 to
3.7 g per kid and 2.2 g per adult in 2008. The percentage of adults with body scoring of <3 was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced from 82.3% in 2006 to 77.6% in 2007 and 4% in 2008. Similarly, the annual mortality rate was significantly
(p < 0.05) reduced from 6.5% among kids and 58.2% among adults in 2006 to 12.1% among kids and 10.4% among adults in 2007, and
to 9.1% among kids and 1.1% among adults in 2008. Therefore, it was concluded that implementation of herd health program significantly
improved the survival and performance of goats. 相似文献
13.
Anglo-Nubian and Saanen goats were imported into Trinidad and Tobago to form the nucleus of the goat expansion and improvement
programme. Thermoregulation and performance of the parent stock and the F1 were evaluated under intensive housing and management.
Rectal temperature in the a.m. irrespective of breed or season ranged from 38.5°C to 38.7°C and p.m. ranged from 38.8°C to 39.0°C. After 2 h of exposure outdoors without shade, Saanen parent stock (SAPS) respiration rate (105 br/min)
was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than Saanen F1 (SAF1, 76 br/min), Anglo-Nubian parent stock (ANSP, 65 br/min) and Anglo-Nubian F1 (ANF1, 51 br/min).
Rectal temperature over the same period showed significant differences (p < 0.042) between SAF1 (39.8°C) and SAPS (39.4°C), and ANF1 (39.4°C); the value for ANSP was 39.7°C. Age at first kidding
showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between breeds or between the parent stock and the F1 generations, ranging from 638 to 686 days. The ANPS were the
most prolific of all groups (p < 0.05); the mean for this group was 1.86 ± 0.07 kids/kidding. Saanen F1 was the least prolific among the group, with mean
number of kids at 1.23 (±0.11) kids/kidding. Kidding interval showed no significant (p > 0.05) difference between the groups, ranging from 319 to 521 days. It was concluded that the Anglo-Nubian appears to be
more suitable than the Saanen for the tropical humid environment in Trinidad as indicated by their thermoregulation, prolificacy
and kidding interval. 相似文献
14.
<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oestrus ovis</Emphasis> larval myiasis among sheep and goats in Central Oromia,Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence, larval burden, and associated gross pathological lesions of Oestrus ovis in sheep and goats slaughtered at Luna export abattoir in Central Oromia from November 2007 to March 2008. For this purpose,
a total of heads of 431 goats and 369 sheep were thoroughly examined for the presence of first (L1), second (L2), and third
(L3) larval stages according to standard procedures. O. ovis larvae were detected in 349(94.6%) sheep and 381(88.4%) goats. All three larval instars were observed in each study months.
Statistically significant variation (χ
2 = 29.2676, df = 6, P < 0.05) was observed in the prevalence of O. ovis among small ruminants of different origins. Likewise, statistically significant (χ
2 = 68.3, df = 4, P < 0.05) difference was recorded in the prevalence of O. ovis in sheep and goats among different study months. The overall monthly prevalence ranged from 77.7% in November to 98.8% in
March. The prevalence of O. ovis in small ruminants of less than 1 year of age was significantly (χ
2 = 8, df = 1, P < 0.05) higher than those with greater than 1 year of age. An overall proportion of 33.8%, 40.1%, and 26.1% were recorded
for L1, L2 and L3, respectively. Whereas 6.8 monthly mean larval burden per individual infested animal was noticed. Out of
the total infested heads in goats, 33.6% had catarrhal discharges, 16.8% purulent exudates, 64.83% rhinitis, 68.77% sinusitis,
14.2% pharyngitis, and 9.2% bloody exudates. Similarly, of the total infested heads of sheep, 18.9% purulent exudates, 80.8%
rhinitis, 71.9% sinusitis, 13.5% pharyngitis, and 7.7% bloody exudates gross lesions were recorded. 相似文献
15.
The estimation of live weight based on linear traits in indigenous Tswana goats at various ages in Botswana 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Sebolai B Nsoso SJ Podisi B Mokhutshwane BS 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):899-904
The objective of this study was to determine the usefulness of some linear body measurements in predicting live weight in
indigenous Tswana goats at various ages. Data for this study were obtained from 2,783 goats sampled from six agricultural
regions of Botswana except for Tsabong and Ghanzi districts. Fifteen farmers keeping goats were randomly selected from each
district and records taken on a random sample of 4–12 animals per farm depending on the 1999 Botswana Government average district
flock size. Body measurements recorded were heart girth, height at withers, body length, shoulder width, and live weight.
Information on age of each animal was estimated from dentition; flock size and sex of the animal were also recorded for each
farm. Regression analysis using stepwise selection method in Statistical Analysis System was used to determine prediction
equations for live weight with heart girth, height at withers, body length, and shoulder width as independent variables for
male and female goats of different ages. In all models, heart girth contributed most in explaining variation in body weight
as shown by high partial R
2 which ranged from 0.48 for female mature to 0.80 for mature male goats. Using mean square error, R
2, and Mallows’ C(p), the best prediction equations were for female and male kids (R
2 = 0.83 and 0.82, respectively) and mature male goats (R
2 = 0.82). The poorest model was for mature female goats with R
2 = 0.57. Live body weight could be estimated with accuracy from linear body measurements in Tswana goats which are unique
for each sex and age. More research is required to explore using these models to develop measuring tapes for use by resource
poor farmers who keep indigenous Tswana goats. 相似文献
16.
In the small intestine mucosa of 24 gnotobiotical piglets experimentally infected the first day post partum with oocysts of the coccidium Isospora suis, the activities of dipeptidylpeptidase IV (EC.3.4.14.5.; DAP IV) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (EC.2.3.2.2.; GGT) in the microvillous zone of enterocytes were evaluated by scanning densitometry. The tissue of the small intestine in piglets infected with a dose of 100,000 oocysts of the coccidia of I. suis was examined in the period from the first till the eleventh day post infection (DPI). In the control piglets at the age of 2-5 days it was found that most of the DAP IV activity was located in the microvillous zone of the enterocytes of the middle jejunum, rear jejunum and ileum. The DAP IV activity of duodenum mucosa was lower; as compared with the activity in the mucosa of the jejunum and ileum it reached 53-57%. In the case of GGT activity, the highest density values of the reaction product were recorded in the microvillous zone of enterocytes of the duodenum and the whole jejunum, the lowest in the ileum mucosa (86-89%) of the activity found in the duodenum and jejunum). During the experimental infection the infected piglets had a significant deficit of both peptidases, especially DAP IV (the whole studied period). The development of GGT activity was slightly different with the onset of the marked decline of the enzyme activity only on the fifth DPI. The lower GGT activity persisted till the eighth DPI. The density of the GGT reaction product began to return to the normal on the ninth to eleventh DPI. No predisposition in the location of the deficit was observed in the peptidases studied during the infection. The decline of the activity of both enzymes influenced also the mucosa of all studied parts of the small intenstine. The difference lay in the relevance of lowering of the density of reaction product of DAP IV and GGT on other DPI and in the different intensities of the return of the activity to the physiological normal. 相似文献
17.
Chu MX Wu ZH Feng T Cao GL Fang L Di R Huang DW Li XW Li N 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(6):329-336
Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) was studied as a candidate gene for high prolificacy in goats. The polymorphism of exon 1 and flanking of GDF9 gene was detected by PCR-SSCP in five goat breeds with different prolificacy. Three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) were detected in goat breeds joined and two silent mutations (c.183A>C and c.336C>T) were identified in comparison genotype
AA with genotype BB. Heterozygous genotype AB and wild type BB were detected in all five goat breeds and homozygous genotype AA was only detected in Jining Grey goats. The frequencies of genotypes AA, AB and BB were 0.18, 0.42 and 0.40 in Jining Grey goats, respectively. The genotype distribution was different (P < 0.01) between high prolificacy breed (Jining Grey goat) and low prolificacy breeds (Boer, Wendeng Dairy, Liaoning Cashmere
and Beijing native goats). The Jining Grey goat does with genotype AA and AB had 0.72 (P < 0.01) and 0.56 (P < 0.01) kids more than those with genotype BB, respectively. The does with genotype AA had 0.16 (P > 0.05) kids more than those with genotype AB. These indicated that the allele A may have certain correlation with prolificacy in Jining Grey goats. 相似文献
18.
Sampaio Claudia B. Detmann Edenio Paulino Mario F. Valadares Filho Sebastiao C. de Souza Marjorrie A. Lazzarini Isis Rodrigues Paulino Pedro V. de Queiroz Augusto C. 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1471-1479
The effects of supplementation with nitrogenous compounds on intake, digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis in cattle
fed low-quality tropical forage were assessed. Five rumen fistulated crossbred Holstein × Gir heifers were used, with initial
average live weight of 180 ± 21 kg. Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) hay (48.6 g kg−1 of crude protein (CP), on a dry matter (DM) basis) was used as roughage. Five treatments were defined according to nitrogen
supplementation level (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 g of CP kg−1 above the CP level of the hay). A mixture of urea, ammonium sulfate, and albumin at the ratios of 4.5:0.5:1.0, respectively,
was used as nitrogen source. The experiment consisted of five experimental periods, according to a 5 × 5 Latin square design.
The average CP contents in the diets were 51.9, 71.1, 86.0, 116.7, and 130.2 g kg−1, on a DM basis. A quadratic effect was detected (P < 0.10) of the CP levels in the diets on DM and neutral detergent fiber intake (kg/day), with maximum response at the levels
of 102.4 and 100.5 g CP kg−1 DM, respectively. The average daily concentration of rumen ammonia nitrogen showed increasing linear pattern (P < 0.01) as function of CP levels in the diet, with estimated value of 9.64 mg dL−1 equivalent to the maximum DM intake. Microbial nitrogen flow in the intestine was linearly and positively related (P < 0.01) with the CP levels in the diet. 相似文献
19.
The current study was planned to develop an efficient vaccine against hydropericardium syndrome virus (HSV). Currently, formalin-inactivated
liver organ vaccines failed to protect the Pakistan broiler industry from this destructive disease of economic importance.
A field isolate of the pathogenic hydropericardium syndrome virus was adapted to chicken embryos after four blind passages.
The chicken embryo-adapted virus was further serially passaged (12 times) to get complete attenuation. Groups of broiler chickens
free from maternal antibodies against HSV at the age of 14 days were immunized either with 16th passage attenuated HSV vaccine
or commercially formalized liver organ vaccine. The antibody response, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was significantly
higher (P < 0.05) in the group immunized with the 16th passage attenuated HSV vaccine compared to the group immunized with liver organ
vaccine at 7, 14, and 21 days post-immunization. At 24 days of age, the broiler chickens in each group were challenged with
103.83 embryo infectious dose50 of pathogenic HSV and were observed for 7 days post-challenge. Vaccination with the 16th passage attenuated HSV gave 94.73%
protection as validated on the basis of clinical signs (5.26%), gross lesions in the liver and heart (5.26%), histopathological
lesions in the liver (1.5 ± 0.20), and mortality (5.26%). The birds inoculated with liver organ vaccine showed significantly
low (p < 0.05; 55%) protection estimated on the basis of clinical signs (40%), gross lesions in the liver and heart (45%), histopathological
lesions in the liver (2.7 ± 0.72), and mortality (35%). Birds in the unvaccinated control group showed high morbidity (84%),
mortality (70%), gross (85%), and histopathological lesions (3.79 ± 0.14) with only 10% protection. In conclusion, this newly
developed HSV vaccine proved to be immunogenic and has potential for controlling HSV infections in chickens. 相似文献
20.
Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum causes substantial mortality in chicks as well as results in persistent infection and vertical transmission
in layer birds. An effective innate immune response in the early stages of infection could reduce bacterial colonization and
mortality in chicks and persistency of infection in later stages. β Defensins (AvBDs) are now considered as one of the key
components of innate immunity in avian species. In the present study, we quantified the mRNA expression levels of AvBDs (1–14) by real-time PCR in the gastrointestinal (GI) tissues (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecum) of 3-day-old broiler chicks
after 24 h of oral infection with Salmonella Pullorum. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed significant (P < 0.05) upregulation of AvBD3, 4, 5, 6 and 12 and a significant (P < 0.05) down regulation in the expressions of AvBD10, 11, 13 and 14 in one or few GI tissues, while no significant changes were observed for AvBD1, 2, 7, 8 and 9 gene expressions in any of the GI tissues investigated upon infection with S. Pullorum. Most substantial change in gene expression was found for AvBD5, being significantly (P < 0.01) upregulated in most of the GI tissues investigated. The differential expression levels of β defensins shed light
on tailored innate immune response induced by S. Pullorum during the early stages of infection in chicks. 相似文献