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春大豆主要农艺性状方差分析及相关分析的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对引进的9份大豆优良种的11个主要农艺性状进行方差分析，对15个主要农艺性状进行相关分析，研究结果表明：（1）主要农艺性状中的茎粗、单株粒重经方差分析达显著水平，株高、底荚高度、主茎节数、主茎分枝数、单株总荚数、秕荚数、每荚粒数、百粒重等性状经方差分析达极显著水平；（2）主要农艺性状的变异系数大小依次为秕荚数、主茎分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株产量、底荚高度、每荚粒数、百粒重、株高、茎粗、产量、主茎节数、出苗至开花、开花至成熟、生育期；（3）产量与生育期、秕荚数呈显著正相关，与株高、底荚高度、主茎分枝数、单株产量、每荚粒数、百粒重、开花至成熟的天数呈正相关，与茎粗、主茎节数、单株荚数、单株粒数、出苗至开花的天数呈负相关。因此，要增加产量，首先应考虑百粒重大、单株生产力潜力大的品种，其次考虑底荚高度较低，每荚粒数较多的品种。 相似文献
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对福建省11个春大豆品种的10个农艺性状进行了遗传变异分析、相关性分析和主成分分析。结果表明,大豆有效分枝数、主茎节数、单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重等变异系数较大;单株粒重与有效分枝数和单株荚数呈显著相关。主成分分析表明,前3个主成分,其累积贡献率为83.78%,分别为荚粒性状因子、产量性状因子和株型性状因子。 相似文献
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对来自于中国黄淮海大豆产区、北方大豆产区和南方大豆产区的316个大豆品种的主要农艺性状进行了鉴定和比较。结果表明,育成品种的分枝数、分枝荚数、单株总荚数明显不及农家品种,而其它性状如主茎荚数、单株粒重、单株粒数和百粒重优于农家品种。以育成品种和农家品种分别所作的相关分析表明,主茎荚数、分枝荚数、单株总荚数均与单株粒数和单株粒重呈显著的正相关;主茎节数与株高、主茎荚数、单株总荚数、单株粒重、单株粒数呈显著正相关;分枝数与分枝荚数、单株总荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重呈极显著或非显著正相关,但与主茎荚数呈负向显著相关;单株粒数与单株粒重显著正相关,百粒重与单株粒重正向显著相关,与单株粒数负相关显著。通过比较和分析,就百粒重、生育期和株高筛选出一些具有极端值的品种,可以用作品种选育的亲本和大豆分子育种如转基因受体或分子标记作图群体的遗传材料。 相似文献
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大豆单株产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析 总被引：14，自引：7，他引：7
为了探讨大豆各主要农艺性状对单株产量影响的主次关系,以黑龙江省第二积温带种植的6个大豆品种为试验材料,应用灰色系统理论的关联度分析法对与大豆单株产量相关的8个性状进行关联分析。结果表明：大豆单株产量相关性状的灰色关联度大小依次为单株粒数>主茎分枝数>单株有效荚数>百粒重>底荚高度>株高>生育期>主茎节数,与单株产量最为密切相关的性状是单株粒数,其与产量的关联度为0.42,其次是主茎分枝数,与产量的关联度为0.39,主茎节数影响相对较小。因而,在大豆品种选育过程中,应注重单株粒数多和主茎分枝数多的品系选育。 相似文献
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本文于1988～1991年在单、间作条件下分析了大豆品种若干性状与花荚脱落的相关性,研究表明:(1)株高、主茎节数、节间长、最低结荚节位、茸毛色等5个植株特征特性与花、荚脱落率呈正相关,除节间长和最低结荚高度之外间作条件下,大多数性状达显著、极显著水平,有限结荚习性(或亚有限),生长直立,株型收敛的品种花荚脱落率低;花色和生育日数对大豆的花荚脱落有密切关系。(2)叶部性状中以叶柄与主茎之间夹角及落叶性和花荚脱落关系较大,其中又以间作大于单作。(3)荚粒特征特性除种皮色和荚色与花荚脱落的关系不密切外,其余5个性状几乎达显著水平,尤以单株粒数、单株粒重与花荚脱落率呈显著负相关,经t测验单间作相比,单株有效荚数,单株粒数和单株粒重达极显著水平。(4)抗倒性,抗病虫害差的品种或单株,花荚脱落严重;影响花荚脱落的主要气象因子是光照强度和光照时数。 相似文献
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本研究选择秋冬季日光温室黄瓜为研究对象,利用参数化方法构建了不同株距和行距处理的虚拟冠层结构模型,并在与光分布模型和光合模型相结合的基础上,模拟分析了株行距改变对冠层叶片分布、光截获以及光合速率的影响。模拟结果显示,株行距的增加,促进了冠层对光的透性,对方位角朝向北部和行内的叶片的光截获有明显促进作用,也使得叶片在北部和行内的分布频率显著增加。从单株平均光截获来看,改变株距和行距分别使单株光截获量提高了34.78%和23.18%。通过将光截获模拟结果与光合模型相结合,得到了冬季栽培的最优株行距,即45.70 cm(株距)及43.22cm(行距)。与传统的40×40 cm株行距栽培方式相比,最优株行距略有增加。本研究结果为功能结构模型在实际生产中的应用以及作物栽培株行距最优化设计提供定量化的决策依据。 相似文献
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W. Aufhammer H. Stützel A. Rautenkranz J. Falfus E. Nalborczyk 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1993,171(1):1-12
Light interception and dry matter production of a conventional and an epigonal genotype of the white lupine ( Lupinus albus )
Yield formation of two white lupin ( Lupinus albus ) genotypes differing substantially in growth habit was investigated. Grain production was quantified as the product of harvest index and dry matter production, the latter being a function of light interception and utilization. Experimental data were obtained from two-year field experiments with a combined variation of plant density and distribution. The conventional, freely branching cultivar Kalina showed higher leaf area indices and growth rates than the "epigonal" (little branching) genotype. The higher growth rates of Kalina were partly due to increased light interception, but were mainly a result of a higher light use efficiency. This can be explained with a more even light distribution over a greater leaf area. The more rapid increase of the harvest index in the epigonal genotype compared to Kalina only partially compensated for the differences in dry matter production. 相似文献
Yield formation of two white lupin ( Lupinus albus ) genotypes differing substantially in growth habit was investigated. Grain production was quantified as the product of harvest index and dry matter production, the latter being a function of light interception and utilization. Experimental data were obtained from two-year field experiments with a combined variation of plant density and distribution. The conventional, freely branching cultivar Kalina showed higher leaf area indices and growth rates than the "epigonal" (little branching) genotype. The higher growth rates of Kalina were partly due to increased light interception, but were mainly a result of a higher light use efficiency. This can be explained with a more even light distribution over a greater leaf area. The more rapid increase of the harvest index in the epigonal genotype compared to Kalina only partially compensated for the differences in dry matter production. 相似文献
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以贵州省不同年代酒用糯高粱品种（系）为研究对象,采用随机区组试验设计,对其干物质积累总量、产量构成以及花后叶面积指数（LAI）、SPAD值动态、光能截获量（Li）进行分析,结果表明:随着年代更替,贵州省酒用糯高粱生产性能逐步提高,新品种（红缨子、黔高8号）较老品系（黑壳糯、红壳糯）产量和干物质积累总量平均分别增加25.5%和23.4%;穗粒数、穗粒重平均分别显著增加44.6%和58.9%;花后LAI平均分别为3.41和2.14,新品种较老品系增加59.3%;花后37d,SPAD值降幅分别为23.8%和81.2%;新品种的光合速率（Pn）和蒸腾速率较老品系分别增加16.1%和34.3%,胞间CO2浓度降低23.5%;新品种的花期Li较老品系增加8.3%,差异显著。相关分析结果显示,产量、干物质积累总量与Pn、LAI、SPAD值、光能截获量呈极显著正相关,Pn、Li与SPAD值、LAI呈极显著正相关。上述结果表明花后叶片失绿变缓、光化学效率的提高以及Li的增加可能是糯高粱单产随年代更替稳步提升的原因。 相似文献
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Tall cereal–short legume intercropping is ubiquitous in the semiarid tropics of West Africa, yet little is known regarding the dynamics of light interception in these systems. A field study was conducted in Cinzana, Mali, to characterize light transmission to cowpea in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]–cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] intercropping systems. Different sorghum–cowpea planting configurations were used to examine photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) incident on the cowpea. The 4‐m tall sorghum cultivar CSM 219E intercepted > 60 % of incoming PAR from 2 m height to harvest (50 days). Consequently, total seasonal PAR received by intercropped cowpea was 60–66 % that of the unshaded monocrop. Thirty‐minute averages of PAR transmitted around solar noon had poor agreement (R2=0.53) with fractional daily light interception and overestimated seasonal PAR received by cowpea by 17 % in the north–south row orientation used. Thirty‐minute averages at 1100 h (R2=0.93) and 1430 h (R2=0.91) had the closest correlation to diurnal average PAR incident on cowpea. This study indicates that tall guineense sorghum captures significant amounts of light at low leaf area index (LAI) (< 2.0). Row orientation, time of measurement, plant height and LAI should be considered in calculating light interception in these intercropping systems. 相似文献
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北京地区高产小麦品种的冠层形成、光截获和产量 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18
北京地区的小麦在平均亩产突破300公斤之后,要继续高产稳产,极需进一步地改善品种的产量潜力。本研究将叶面积指数(LAI)、光截获(LI)、光衰减系数(?)、叶面积持续时间(LAD)、干物质积累(DMA)、作物生长速度(CGR)等性状与冠层形成联系起来,研究它们与产量的关系。几年来,通过7个高产品种的14个冠层参数对籽粒产量的相关、通径 相似文献
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Useful light interception during reproductive stages is very important for soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) dry matter production. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the light utilization in the canopy for yield, and its components in the case of arranging branch direction to row direction with flat type (1/2 phyllotaxy) soybean. The field study was conducted in the field at Niigata University on a loamy sand soil at 25, 16 and 9 plants m−2 in 1994, 1995 and 1996, using cultivar 'Miyagishirome' (Maturity Group VII or VIII, phyllotaxy 1/2; branches develop flatly) with treatments so that branches developed at right angles direction (Type R) and in a parallel direction (Type P) to the direction of the row.
Total dry weight (TDW) was greater in Type R than in Type P. A higher leaf area index (LAI) was shown in Type R than in Type P in each plant density among the three years. More light penetrated into the canopy in Type R than in Type P. Higher TDW and LAI were produced by effective light interception at the canopy of Type R.
Yield and its components were greater in higher than lower density and tended to be greater in Type R than in Type P. Increased yield depend on seed, pod and node number m−2 . The increase of yield components in Type R was suggested to be due to favorable light condition in the canopy, compared with Type P. 相似文献
Total dry weight (TDW) was greater in Type R than in Type P. A higher leaf area index (LAI) was shown in Type R than in Type P in each plant density among the three years. More light penetrated into the canopy in Type R than in Type P. Higher TDW and LAI were produced by effective light interception at the canopy of Type R.
Yield and its components were greater in higher than lower density and tended to be greater in Type R than in Type P. Increased yield depend on seed, pod and node number m
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水稻不同穗型对冠层特征及群体光分布和物质生产的影响 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
研究了水稻不同穗型对冠层特征及群体光分布和物质生产的影响，结果表明，水稻不同穗型群体在光分布、消光系数；冠层形成与发展，以及干物质生产速率等方面存在明显差异，与半直立或弯曲穗型群体相比，在叶面积指数相同情况下，直立穗型群体的消光系数低，群体内部光分布比较均匀，因此，在叶面积较大时，直立穗型群体的干物质生产和产量高于半直立或弯曲穗型群体。但在叶面积指数较小时，弯曲穗型群体的光吸收量相对较多，更有利于 相似文献
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玉米群体冠层特征与光截获及产量关系的研究 总被引：54，自引：2，他引：54
研究通过3年试验，证明了玉米群体冠层特征及群体内光分布和光合效率随种植密度和施N量而有明显变化。叶面积大小是导致冠层特征变化的主导因子。平展型单交种丹玉13的籽粒产量高限出现在最大LAI变化于4.10-4.7之间，其冠层垂直方向上最大叶面积密度趋于由中部向中上部推移。叶片倾角和消光系数调节幅-于明显增加，光合速率、 相似文献
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不同行距配置方式对夏玉米冠层结构和群体抗性的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
为探究行距配置方式对冠层微气象因子及群体抗逆性的影响,明确夏玉米适宜的行距配置方式,在方城和辉县设置大田试验,以3个不同株高类型的玉米杂交种为材料(中秆品种郑单958、高秆品种先玉335和矮秆品种512-4),设置2个种植密度(60 000株 hm-2和75 000株 hm-2),研究了5种行距配置方式(50 cm、60 cm、70 cm、80 cm等行距和80 cm+40 cm宽窄行)下冠层结构和群体抗逆性的变化。结果表明,不同株高类型杂交种在相同密度下,随行距扩大,株型变得松散,穗部叶片叶向值减小,并偏离种植行,向种植行垂直方向发展,冠层温湿度降低,群体抗逆性增强,但冠层光照截获率降低,产量也随之减少。对比发现,不同品种和密度下,60 cm等行距能够较好地协调冠层微气象因子与玉米产量的关系,叶片分布适宜,冠层温湿度和光能分布合理,显著提高了中下部的光能截获率,病虫害和倒伏的发生率较低,获得最高产量的频率最高,且适宜机械化田间作业,建议作为适宜黄淮海地区推广的种植方式。 相似文献