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茶毛虫(Euproctis pseudoconspersa Strand)是茶园中的代表性害虫。本文主要综述了茶毛虫的生活习性及发生规律,并从利用天敌昆虫、性信息素、核型多角体病毒三个方面介绍了茶毛虫生物防治的研究进展和防治效果,对茶毛虫及其他茶树病虫害的生物防治作出展望,一方面帮助茶农全面了解茶毛虫的发生规律并针对性地进行有效防治,另一方面也为应用生物防治方法进行茶树病虫害防治提供策略方针和实践经验。 相似文献
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黑卵蜂是一类寄生性广泛的寄生蜂。它能寄生大尺蠖、茶毛虫、松毛虫、桑毛虫、蝽类、飞蝗、粘虫及螟类等的卵。茶园生态稳定、有利于生物的繁衍,亦有利于寄生性天敌的生长、繁育和利用。茶园黑卵蜂自然寄生大尺蠖和茶毛虫的能力很 相似文献
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湘西茶树害虫及天敌资源调查 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
1987、1990年在湘西的古丈、永顺、凤凰、保靖、花垣、龙山、吉首等6县(市)的重点茶区进行调查,查得茶树害虫115种,害虫天敌179种。假眼小绿叶蝉、茶毛虫是普遍发生的常发性害虫。天敌以茶园蜘蛛最多,占总量的55.93~84.62%。文内还报道了不同生境、不同海拔高度害虫及天敌种群数量变化。 相似文献
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该文总结测定茶毛虫(Euproctivpseu-docousStrand)的幼虫平均每头取食鲜叶量为1468.9mg,3龄后幼虫开始大量取食,1-2龄占总取食量1.15%,3龄占4.66%,4-6龄占94.19%,5-6龄是暴食期占82.19%,而且茶毛虫幼虫3龄后开始分群,说明茶毛虫的防治违期定为1-2龄幼虫是合理的。根据防治费用、茶叶产量、茶叶价格、幼虫存活率和防治效果的调查,每公顷产干茶2250kg的茶园,第1、2、3代茶毛虫的防治指标分别为91400、320700、163900头·hm-2。本指标针对福州地区的鲜叶价格和劳务价格而制定,并考虑了本地区的气候和天敌因素,在具体… 相似文献
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植物光合生物增效剂对玉米产量及干物质积累的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以玉米和植物光合生物增效剂为试验材料,研究叶面喷施植物光合生物增效剂对玉米产量及干物质积累的影响。结果表明,喷施150 g/hm2和300 g/hm2植物光合生物增效剂对玉米子粒产量增加不显著;喷施450~750 g/hm2植物光合生物增效剂能够显著增加玉米子粒产量,比对照产量提高8.3%~12.0%,主要表现在穗粒数和百粒重显著增加;还能显著提高地上部干物质积累速度和叶片叶绿素含量。以喷施600 g/hm2植物光合生物增效剂增产效果最佳。 相似文献
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烯效唑对稻苗的生物学效应 总被引:21,自引:1,他引:21
烯效唑和多效唑浸种对稻苗生长的影响比较研究表明,烯效唑的生物活性约比多效唑高10倍,然而喷苗或土施均降低烯效唑的生物活性。烯效唑浸种对稻苗的影响主要是降低稻苗生长的速率而不是抑制生长,因此,烯效唑是一种植物生长延缓物质.而不是植物生长抑制物质。烯效唑的生物学效应是控制稻苗的高度,促进根系生长、增加干重积累、促进分蘖、提高根冠比。 光、温及土壤水分条件会影响烯效唑的生物效应。 相似文献
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通过长期定位试验,研究连续4年配施生物基质肥料对茶园土壤有机碳固持的影响,结果表明:随着生物基质肥料施用比例的增加土壤有机碳含量呈现增加的趋势;土壤基础呼吸量以全量施用生物基质肥料最低,75%生物基质肥配施25%化肥最高;土壤微生物量碳随着生物基质肥料施用比例的增加而增加;生物基质肥料的施用显著提高了土壤微生物商,降低了土壤呼吸商;适当的施肥结构促进茶树生长和茶叶产量的提高,春茶茶叶产量以25%生物基质肥+75%化肥处理最高,以100%生物基质肥料处理最低。综合配施生物基质肥料对茶园土壤有机碳固持和对茶树生长的影响,初步认为25%~50%生物基质肥+75%~50%化肥适宜茶园施用。 相似文献
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于2018年在黑龙江省农科院绥化分院试验区开展生物节氮增产技术对水稻生长发育和产量性状的影响试验,采用四种不同生物菌肥处理与常规施肥技术相比较,考查不同生物菌肥处理对水稻生长发育性状、产量构成因子和产量相关指标及节氮效果。结果表明,奕源生物菌剂处理节肥最多,比对照减氮肥18.6%,产量与对照相当。万丰达掺混肥处理产量最高,节肥量低于奕源生物菌剂处理,比对照减氮肥10.5%。以此明确不同生物菌肥的节氮效果,利用生物菌剂固氮补充水稻生长中后期所缺的氮养分,提高氮肥利用效率,达到作物减氮后防病安全增产的目的。 相似文献
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Farmers in the northern avocado cultivation areas of South Africa were interviewed concerning their experience and perceptions of biological control. Factors affecting their decision to use biological control programmes as a disease control strategy, were also investigated. Results indicate that educational level, age and land owner status reflect the farmer's decision making ability and the level of commitment to adopt the new technology. Generations of family farming and farm management systems that have adopted food safety management systems also had an influence on their willingness to explore biological control. Although most farmers were aware of biological control, most could not define it. Farmers did not blame biological control for the previous poor results, but rather on environmental factors and a lack of perseverance on their side with the use of the product. Land reform aims to redistribute 30 percent of the country's agricultural land from white commercial farmers to previously disadvantaged communities by 2014. Farmers on farms with completed or invalid land claims were more willing to utilise biological control than growers without claims or with land claims that are pending. Companies distributing and selling biocontrol products indicated that the lack of technical knowledge by sales personnel is one of the main problems experienced with marketing biocontrol products. Manufacturing companies also experienced difficulty with the registration of new products in South Africa. 相似文献
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配施生物基质肥料对茶园土壤酸度的改良效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过连续4年(2009~2012)田间定位试验,研究配施不同比例生物基质肥料(养猪场发酵床垫料)对茶园土壤酸度的影响,探讨生物基质肥料降低茶园土壤酸度机制。试验设置生物基质肥料替代化肥比例的5个处理:0(CK)、25%、50%、75%和100%。结果表明:与CK相比,配施生物基质肥料处理的0~20βcm土层土壤有机碳含量提高3.00%~22.74%,pH值提高0.22~0.72个单位,土壤交换性酸降低16.01%~73.64%,盐基离子总量增加39.29%~248.21%,盐基饱和度提高43.90%~254.21%;20~40βcm土层土壤有机碳含量提高0.99%~11.48%,pH值提高0.14~0.59个单位,土壤交换性酸降低8.75%~32.15%,盐基离子总量增加46.03%~301.59%,盐基饱和度提高51.79%~252.95%。配施生物基质肥料处理能有效降低茶园土壤酸度,改良效果随着生物基质肥料施用比例的提高而增大。配施生物基质肥料能提高酸化土壤的盐基离子浓度和盐基饱和度,降低土壤交换性酸含量是生物基质肥料改良茶园土壤酸度的重要原因。 相似文献
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Anna-Elisabeth Harmuth-Hoene 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1979,29(3-4):295-305
For more than 50 years animal experiments have been used in nutrition and food research for the assessment of nutritional value and wholesomeness of foods. Due to economic as well as biological factors the rat is a suitable and most frequently used experimental animal. The composition of food can be determined with great precision by chemical analysis. For the assessment of the biological availability of the various nutrients one has to depend, with few exceptions, on biological tests, carried out predominatly on rats. Comparative investigations on man and rats have shown that the nutritional value of foods as obtained from rat studies can also be applied to man. For the detection of toxic substances and their effects on the mammalian organism animal experiments are still essential although several newer in vitro methods have been introduced. Three methods which are frequently used in animal experiments for determining the biological value of protein, the biological availability of food iron and that of food zinc are discussed in detail. 相似文献
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鲜胶乳生物凝固液的制备工艺研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以凝固液的pH值及鲜胶乳的凝固效果为考核指标,研究了生物凝固液的制备工艺,第1次培养生物凝固液其清水∶菌种∶糖蜜比例为100∶0.5∶5,对鲜胶乳进行凝固后所得乳清加糖蜜继续培养生物凝固液,其乳清∶糖蜜比例为100∶5。结果表明,采用乳清制备的凝固液比用清水、菌种、糖蜜制备的凝固液其凝固效果更好,胶乳每次生物凝固所得乳清只加糖蜜重复培养生物凝固液,至少可循环利用20次以上。而温度越高,生物凝固液pH值降低越快,当pH值降至4.0以下,即可用以凝固胶乳。 相似文献