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1.
This study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant effect of vitamins C and E against oxidative stress, apoptosis and histological changes of kidney and retina in CPF-treated rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups including the control group, the group treated orally with a single dose of CPF (63 mg/kg b.w.), the group injected intramuscularly (i.m.) with vitamin C (250 mg/kg b.w.), and intraperitonealy (i.p.) with vitamin E (150 mg/kg b.w.) daily for 7 days and the group treated with CPF (single dose) and injected with vitamins (for 7 days). The results showed that CPF induced apoptosis and severe oxidative stress as indicated by the significant increase in MDA and sFasL concentration and the significant decrease in GSH concentration in serum. Co-administration of vitamins C and E ameliorate these toxic effects and improved the histological pictures of kidneys and retinas. It could be concluded that combined administration of vitamins C and E is useful in the routine therapy for the protection against tissue damage induced by CPF.  相似文献   

2.
有机磷类农药毒死蜱 (chlorpyrifos,CPF) 可影响雄性动物生殖系统功能。为探究胚胎早期毒死蜱暴露对雄性小鼠生殖功能的影响,于母鼠妊娠后第7天 (gestational day, GD7) 至分娩前1 d每天给予母鼠灌胃染毒10 mg/kg (b.w.) 剂量的毒死蜱,于子代雄鼠出生后第42 天处死,取血液及睾丸,测定睾丸质量,通过酶联免疫法检测血液中睾酮 (testosterone,T) 及促黄体生成素 (luteinizing hormone,LH) 含量,同时采用RT-qPCR方法检测睾丸中与胆固醇及睾酮合成相关的5个基因mRNA表达的变化。结果显示:与对照组相比,毒死蜱染毒组子代鼠睾丸质量增加了16.5%,差异极显著 (P < 0.01);血清中睾酮及促黄体生成素含量分别增加了9.9%和6.2%,但与对照差异不显著 (P > 0.05)。睾丸中胆固醇合成基因HMG-CoA synthase的mRNA表达量升高了72.9%,运输基因StAR的mRNA表达量升高了45.3%;此外,睾丸中睾酮合成基因P450scc、P450-17α和3β-HSD的mRNA表达量分别升高了95.5%、68.9%和112.0%。各基因mRNA的表达量在染毒组与对照组间均差异极显著 (P < 0.01)。研究表明,毒死蜱暴露可影响子代雄鼠睾酮合成相关基因mRNA的表达,推测毒死蜱可能是通过该途径发挥其毒性作用。  相似文献   

3.
The protective effects of zinc on liver and kidney injury induced by chlorpyrifos (CPF) were investigated in rats. Male and female rats were orally administered CPF at a dose of 6.75 mg kg−1 body weight for 28 consecutive days. An additional CPF group received zinc (227 mg l−1) in drinking water throughout the experimental duration. Two groups more served as controls. Administration of CPF resulted in a significant increase in serum lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, while induced significant decreases in the activities of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) either in male or female rats. Similarly, a significant increase in the levels of various serum marker enzymes [e.g. aminotransferases (AST and ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)] and increase the level of total protein, uric acid and creatinine. In contrast, co-administration of zinc to CPF-treated animals restored most of these biochemical parameters to within normal levels. In case of AChE, supplementation of zinc showed little alteration in the activity of this enzyme especially in male rats treated with CPF. CPF caused histopathological change in liver and kidneys of male and female rats. However, zinc administration to CPF-treated animals resulted in overall improvement in liver and kidneys damage, emphasizing its antioxidant role. In light of the available data, it can deduce that CPF-induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, liver and kidneys damage in male and female rats, and conjunction supplementation of zinc has resulted in pronounced ameliorating effect.  相似文献   

4.
Pesticides induce oxidative stress leading to generate free radicals and alternate the antioxidant or oxygen free radical scavenging enzyme system. This study was conducted to investigate the oral toxicity of chlorpyrifos toward male rat and the oxidative stress of the sub-lethal dose (9 mg/kg; 1/25 LD50) on the lipid peroxidation level (LPO), reduced glutathione content (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities of testicular tissue. Also, the protective effects of propolis extract (50 mg/kg b.w.) alone or in combination with chlorpyrifos were investigated. The oral administration of chlorpyrifos significantly caused elevation in LPO level by 1.79-fold as compared to control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including CAT, SOD, GPx and GST were decreased significantly (23.66%, 27.75%, 29.13% and 11.52%) as well as the level of GSH decreased by 21.97% in testicular tissue as compared to control animals. Co-administration of propolis extract with chlorpyrifos or alone in male rats decreased LPO level, normalized CAT, SOD GPx and GST activities, while GSH content was increased in testicular tissue. We conclude that propolis extract significantly reduces chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in rat testis and the protective effect of the pre-treatment with propolis extract as attenuating agent could be due to its antioxidant properties.  相似文献   

5.
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a chlorinated organophosphate insecticide that is widely used in agriculture and public health, has been implicated in male reproductive toxicity. Apart from acetylcholinesterase inhibition, CPF has been shown to induce changes characteristic of oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin C on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary gland of rats chronically exposed to CPF. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of five animals each: Group I (S/oil) received soya oil (2 ml/kg); Group II (VC) was administered with vitamin C (100 mg/kg); Group III (CPF) was given CPF (10.6 mg/kg; ∼1/8th LD50); Group IV (VC + CPF) was pretreated with vitamin C (100 mg/kg) and then given CPF (10.6 mg/kg), 30 min later. The regimens were administered orally by gavage once daily for 15 weeks. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed and the testes and pituitary glands were evaluated for the concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The result shows that CPF increased MDA concentration and reduced activities of SOD and CAT, which were ameliorated by pretreatment with vitamin C.  相似文献   

6.
The present study was designed as a repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study in rodent. All the rats were randomly divided into five groups (C1, C2, T1, T2 and T3) each containing 10 Wistar rats (5 male and 5 female). Group C1 served as control as no treatment was administered. Group C2 was administered groundnut oil (1 ml/100 g b.wt) and served as vehicle control. Group T1 was put on high dose 153.33 mg/kg b.wt (LD50/3), while group T2 received intermediate dose of 92 mg/kg b.wt (LD50/5), and group T3 was administered low dose of 46 mg/kg b.wt (LD50/10) of Prallethrin suspended in 1 ml/100 g b.wt of groundnut oil. Blood samples were collected from all groups on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of the experiment for measurement of serum glucose, serum urea, serum triglyceride, serum cholesterol, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). According to data obtained on the 7th day of the study, no statistically significant change in any of the treatment groups was observed as compared to the control group. On the 14th day of the study, in comparison to the control group, triglyceride level and ALP activity were found to be significantly increased in the group T1 female and group T1 male rats respectively. On the 21st day of the study, compared to the controls, significant increase in cholesterol and ALP levels were present in both T1 and T2 females and in addition to this total protein and triglycerides levels were also significantly increased in group T1 female rats. In group T1 male total protein, triglycerides, ALT and ALP activity was found to be increased significantly as compared to healthy control group. On the 28th day, all the recorded biochemical parameters were found to be significantly increased, except BUN and AST in group T1 female rats. In group T2 female rats, significantly increased cholesterol, ALT and ALP levels were observed. In group T3 female rats, none of the parameters were found to be significantly affected. Among male rats, only total protein level was found to be increased in groups T2 and T3. Whereas, total protein, triglyceride, ALT and ALP were significantly elevated in group T1 male rats at the end of the study. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that subacute oral administration of Prallethrin; at dose levels of 1/3 LD50 and 1/5 LD50 for 28 days induces moderate toxic effects on different biochemical parameters.  相似文献   

7.
This study examined the effects of chlorpyrifos in the rat erythrocyte antioxidant system and evaluated the ameliorating effects of catechin and quercetin on the oxidative damage induced by chlorpyrifos. Sexually mature male Wistar rats were given chlorpyrifos (5.4 mg/kg, 1/25 of the oral LD50), catechin (20 mg/kg), quercetin (20 mg/kg), catechin plus chlorpyrifos, and quercetin plus chlorpyrifos daily via gavage for four weeks. No statistical differences were found in the catechin-only and quercetin-only groups compared with the control group. By the end of the fourth week, chlorpyrifos alone increased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities compared with the control group in rat erythrocytes. In the catechin-plus-chlorpyrifos and quercetin-plus-chlorpyrifos groups, there were statistically significantly decreased MDA levels and increased SOD, CAT, and GPx activities compared with the chlorpyrifos-only group. Thus, it appears that catechin and quercetin ameliorate chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes in vivo.  相似文献   

8.
The present study in which 42 female rats, each weighing 200−250 g, were used covered a period of 21 days. The animals were divided into six groups. The first group served as the control group, whereas Group 2 was administered propolis at a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw in drinking water for 21 days. Group 3 was first provided with normal drinking water for a period of 14 days, and was subsequently administered propolis at a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw in drinking water for 7 days. Group 4 was first given normal drinking water for 14 days, and was secondly administered 100 ppm fluoride as a sodium fluoride in drinking water for 7 days. Group 5 was first administered propolis alone at a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw in drinking water for 14 days, and was secondly administered 100 ppm fluoride in association with 200 mg/kg/bw propolis for 7 days. Finally, Group 6 was first provided with normal drinking water for 14 days, and was secondly administered 100 ppm fluoride in association 200 mg/kg/bw propolis for a period of 7 days. At the end of the 21st day, blood samples were collected from the heart of each animal into both heparinised tubes and tubes without anticoagulants. Glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, and uric acid levels, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in the serum, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the plasma, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured. When compared to the control group, statistical differences were determined to exist with respect to oxidative stress parameters which involved increase in MDA levels in Groups 4−6, decrease in SOD activity in Groups 4 and 6, increase in CAT activity in Groups 5 and 6, and decrease in GSH-Px activity in Groups 4 and 6. Furthermore, in comparison to the control group, significant differences were observed with respect to certain serum biochemical parameters, including decrease in glucose levels in Groups 5 and 6, decrease in triglyceride levels in Groups 2 and 4, decrease in cholesterol levels in Groups 2 and 5, decrease in the total protein level of Groups 4−6, decrease in the ALT activity of Groups 5 and 6, increase in the AST activity of Group 4, decrease in the ALP activity of Groups 2−6 and increase in the uric acid level of Group 2. In the groups that were administered propolis in association with fluoride, improvement was observed in some oxidative stress parameters and certain other biochemical parameters. Changes determined in the oxidative stress parameters (especially MDA and SOD) were indicative of the anti-radical activity of propolis on the free radicals generated by sodium fluoride. However, the values not drawing completely close to those of the control group can be explained with propolis not being able to completely eliminate the free radicals and the other adverse effects generated by fluoride.  相似文献   

9.
Male Wistar rats were separated into three groups of 25 each. Animals in group A (GA) served as control, group B (GB) were daily administered orally chlorpyrifos at a dose of 5 mg/kg b wt and animals in group C (GC) received daily an oral administration of chlorpyrifos (Anu Products Ltd., India) at a dose of 10 mg/kg b wt. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after last dose on 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th week after initiation of the experiment. Small pieces of liver were extirpated and fixed in aqueous Bouin’s solution. The tissues thus fixed were routinely processed for histological studies. The present study showed that the histopathological changes were caused in liver of rats by chlorpyrifos administration. The changes noticed were mainly hepatocytic vacuolation, degeneration of hepatocytes and their nuclei, hyperchromatic and hypertrophied nuclei at earlier stage of treatment, sinusoidal dilation and focal necrosis. However, variable intensities of these changes were noticed depending upon the doses and duration of the treatment.  相似文献   

10.
Atrazine (ATR) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) are the most common pesticides found in freshwater ecosystems throughout the world. In the present study, the common carps were exposed to ATR, CPF and their mixture as describe in Table 1. Then we investigated the HSPs (HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90) expression in the brain of common carp by western blot and real-time PCR. Results indicated that HSP60 and HSP70 were significantly increased as compared to corresponding controls after 40 d exposure (P < 0.05). While the increased expression levels of HSP90 in exposure groups was only observed at 4.28 μg/L ATR group and 1.16 μg/L CPF group, and after 40 d recovery, the expression levels of HSP90 were higher than most of exposure groups (P < 0.05). It was suggested that the increased gene expression of HSPs was possible to protect injured cell mass caused by ATR, CPF and their mixture exposure. The present results provided new insights into the mechanisms used by fish to adapt to stressful environments.  相似文献   

11.
The experiment was designed to study toxic effects of diethyl phthalate (DEP) on testicular lipid peroxidation and testicular antioxidants in male Wistar rats for long-term exposure periods at varying concentrations. Healthy male rats were randomly assigned to five groups of six each. Group I male rats were fed on normal diet and water. Group II male rats were maintained on normal diet mixed with corn oil as oil control. Group III, IV and V rats were given diethyl phthalate (DEP) dissolved in minimal quantity of corn oil mixed with the diet at 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg of the diet/day, respectively, for 150 days. Body weight, testis weights, epididymis weight and the serum testosterone and androstenedione levels showed a significant decrease in the three treated groups. Testicular lipid peroxidation showed a significant dose-dependent increase, while testicular antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were significantly decreased. These results confirm that, continuous administration of DEP at various concentrations on a long-term basis induces increased levels of lipid peroxidation leading to dose-dependent reduction in the testicular antioxidant defense system. Increased free radical production at various doses of DEP would result in impairment of the defense system leading to an enhanced dose-dependent reproductive toxic effect.  相似文献   

12.
The present study was undertaken to investigate the potential of monocrotophos (MCP), a widely used organophosphorus insecticide, to induce hyperglycemia and its interactive ability to accentuate the early diabetic outcomes and associated complications in experimentally rendered diabetic rats. Rats were rendered diabetic with an acute dose (60 mg/kg b.w, i.p) of streptozotocin. MCP was orally administered at a sublethal dose (1/20 LD50, 0.9 mg /kg b.w./d, 5 days) to both normal and diabetic rats. While MCP per se moderately increased (by 25%) the blood glucose levels in normal rats, it significantly aggravated the hyperglycemic outcome in diabetic rats (56% above diabetic rats). Further, experimentally-induced diabetes was associated with only a marginal increase in total and HDL-cholesterol levels, while serum triglyceride levels were significantly enhanced. Although MCP per se did not affect these parameters, it caused a marked increase in triglyceride levels in serum of diabetic rats (54% above diabetic control). Furthermore, MCP-induced higher activity levels of serum transaminases viz., ALT and AST (51% and 71% higher as compared to diabetic control) suggestive of enhanced hepatic damage. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that MCP on repeated exposure has the propensity to augment the secondary complications associated with diabetes in a rat model.  相似文献   

13.
Polychlorinated biphenyls and diethyl phthalate are both lipophilic in nature and are likely to be present in the same environmental compartment or bioaccumalate over a period of time, thus a mixture toxicity study was undertaken to evaluate the type of interaction between polychlorinated biphenyls (Clophen A60) and diethyl phthalate over two generations in female Wistar rats. Healthy male and female albino rats of Wistar strain weighing 75-100 g (6-7 weeks old) were randomly assigned to four groups of six each. Group I male and female rats were fed on normal diet and water ad libitum. Group II male and female rats were maintained on normal diet mixed with corn oil as oil control. GroupS III and IV male and female rats were given Clophen A60 and diethyl phthalate dissolved in corn oil mixed with the diet at 50 mg/kg of the diet individually to each group. Group V male and female rats received a mixture of diethyl phthalate and Clophen A60, each dissolved in corn oil mixed with the diet at 50 mg/kg of the diet. Hundred days after the treatment, females were mated with the males in each group for 10 days. Exposure to diethyl phthalate and Clophen A60 was continued throughout mating, gestation until termination at weaning, which was 150 days of total treatment period of the parental generation female rats. Treatment for F1 generation male and female pups (6 males & 6 females) with Clophen A60 and diethyl phthalate individually and in mixture was continued at doses reduced to 25 mg/kg of the diet after they reached 75-100 g in weight. The treatment was carried out similar to the parental generation for a period of 150 days. Liver and serum aspartate aminotransferase, liver cholesterol and glycogen were significantly increased in the F1 generation Clophen A60 + diethyl phthalate treated group, whereas serum cholesterol, liver glutathione and glutathione reductase showed a significant decrease in the F1 generation Clophen A60 + diethyl phthalate treated group as compared to the parental generation mixture and individually treated groups as well as the individually treated F1 generation groups. A significant increase was observed in the liver and serum aspartate aminotransferase activity of Clophen A60 and serum aspartate aminotransferase levels of diethyl phthalate treated F1 generation rats as compared to the parental generation Clophen A60 and diethyl phthalate individually and mixture treated rats. Liver glutathione levels were significantly decreased in the F1 generation Clophen A60 and diethyl phthalate individually treated rats which was similar to the parental generation individually treated rats as compared to the controls. Liver glutathione reductase level was also significantly declined in the diethyl phthalate treated F1 individual group as compared to diethyl phthalate individually treated parental generation rats. Histology of the liver showed fatty degeneration in the mixture treated F1 generation rats as compared to Clophen A60 and diethyl phthalate individually treated F1 rats and parental generation Clophen A60 and diethyl phthalate individually and mixture treated rats. Thus, in spite of dose reduction and continuous exposure over two generation’s to a mixture of diethyl phthalate and Clophen A60 exposed through gestation, lactation and diet leads to a synergistic toxic effect in the F1 generation.  相似文献   

14.
We investigated the endocrine disrupting effects of chlorpyrifos-ethyl which is suspected to be originated from oxidative stress. Initially, the 96 h LC50 values of chlorpyrifos in juvenile and adult of Oreochromis niloticus were determined to be 98.67 μg/L and 154.01 μg/L, respectively. Sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos-ethyl (5 ppb, 10 ppb, 15 ppb) were administrated to adult fish for 15 and 30 days. Fish were then left to depurate for 15 days in pesticide-free water. Gonadal somatic indices, serum sex steroids as indicators of reproductive function and cortisol level as indicator of stress condition were measured to observe the endocrine disruption effects of chlorpyrifos-ethyl. Gonadal glutathione S-transferase and antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation as indicators of oxidative stress were also measured. Acetylcholinesterase activity was measured as a marker of chlorpyrifos toxicity. Results showed that serum estradiol, testosteron and cortisol levels in fish exposed to chlorpyrifos were lower than those of the control fish while gonad somatic indices did not change during the experiments. After 30 days, chlorpyrifos exposure decreased GST activity, and increased SOD enzyme activity by up to 215-446% compared with the control, suggesting there was a oxidative stress. No statistically significant differences between GPx and CAT specific activities, protein contents and lipid peroxidation were determined between control and treatment groups in all exposure concentrations and periods. Acetylcholinesterase activity decreased (45.83-77.28%) in gonad tissues. After recovery serum estradiol and testosteron levels were similar to those of the control levels. An increase in the GST and SOD enzyme activities were determined. Cortisol level and AChE activity in all exposure groups decreased after the depuration period, and fish were unable to overcome the stress of chlorpyrifos. Thus, this study revealed that after chlorpyrifos treatments there exists a protective function of antioxidant enzymes against lipid peroxidation in gonad tissue of O. niloticus. There also exist lower testosteron and estradiol levels in exposed fish than those of the control fish without any alterations in oxidative stress, which is attributed to the capability of chlorpyrifos to impair steroid hormone levels.  相似文献   

15.
The objective of this work was to identify the reproductive toxico-pathological effects of cypermethrin (CY) in mature male rabbits. Apparently healthy adult age- and weight-matched rabbits (n = 40) were procured from the local market, kept under similar management conditions and divided into four equal groups. Different doses of CY (50, 100 and 150 mg kg−1 body mass) mixed in mustard oil were injected intraperitonealy at weekly intervals in male rabbits (groups B-D) prior to mating. Group A served as control and each animal in this group received equivalent volume of mustard oil. Treatment was continued for 71 days. Decreased testicular and epididymal sperm counts were recorded mostly in dose and time dependent manner in CY-treated rabbits. The serum testosterone concentrations in CY-treated rabbits were significantly lower than those of control group. Degeneration, arrested spermatogenesis and connective tissue (CT) proliferation in testes, while sperm-less seminal plasma and tailless spermatozoa in epididymis of CY-treated rabbits were observed. It was inferred that CY-induced defects in sperms and pathological alterations in testes and epididymis.  相似文献   

16.
Tests of acute toxicity were performed on the most common species of aquarium fish, Poecilia reticulata. Guppies (P. reticulata) were exposed to progressive concentrations of methyl parathion (MP) and chlorpyrifos (CPF); a semi-static method according to guidelines of OECD was used. Tests of acute toxicity were conducted using 10 fish for each separate concentration and for the control group. The results were subjected to probit analysis to determine the 96 h LC50 values. The 96 h LC50 values of MP and CPF to P. reticulata were 8.48 ppm/L (5.98–10.89) and 0.176 ppm/L (0.313–0.224) respectively. In addition, behavioral changes at each concentration were observed for the individual fish. Fish were exposed for 96 h to different sublethal concentrations of MP and CPF (¼ LC50, 1/8 LC50 and 1/10 LC50) and their oxidative stress-induction potential was estimated in brain, liver and gills of fish. MDA content is induced in all tissues but maximum rise was observed in gills (161% and 153% for MP and CPF respectively). With regard to antioxidant defense system (ADS), GSH level decreased in the brain, liver and gills of tissues of MP treated fishes (22%, 6% and 13% respectively) and showed increase in brain and gills CPF treated (23% and 21% respectively). CAT, GST, GR and SOD levels fluctuated in all treatment groups relative to the control. Brain AChE showed dose-dependent inhibition in fish exposed to the higher concentrations reached 45% and 66% for MP and CPF respectively. Collective findings demonstrated that pesticide exposure of fish induced an increase in MDA and fluctuated ADS along with inhibited AChE. These findings may be used as valuable biomarkers for evaluation of water pollution.  相似文献   

17.
Male and female rats were orally administered chlorpyrifos at a dose of 6.75 mg kg−1 body weight for 28 consecutive days. An additional chlorpyrifos group received zinc (227 mg l−1) in drinking water throughout the experimental duration. Two groups more served as controls; one received water only and the other received zinc in drinking water. Administration of chlorpyrifos resulted in a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and significant decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in erythrocytes of male and female rats. In contrast, zinc-chlorpyrifos treatment showed insignificant differences (p ? 0.05-0.01), compared to control results, regarding LPO, SOD, GST and CAT. In case of AChE, supplementation of zinc showed little alteration in the activity of this enzyme in the rats treated with chlorpyrifos. It can deduce that chlorpyrifos induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes of male and female rats. The overall results reveal the pronounced ameliorating effect of zinc in chlorpyrifos-intoxicated rats and variation in the response of male and female animals regarding alteration in the level of some biochemical parameters and LPO.  相似文献   

18.
Methyl parathion is an organophosphate insecticide that has been used in agriculture and domestic for several years. Vitamin C (200 mg/kg bw per day) + vitamin E (200 mg/kg bw per day), methyl parathion (0.28 mg/kg bw per day) and vitamin C (200 mg/kg bw per day) + vitamin E (200 mg/kg bw per day) + methyl parathion (0.28 mg/kg bw per day) combination were given to rats orally via gavage for 7 weeks. Body and testis weights, sperm counts, sperm motility, sperm morphology and histopathological changes in the testes were investigated at the end of 24 h, 4th and 7th weeks comparatively with control group. No pathological changes were observed in all parameters at the end of 24 h. When methyl parathion-treated group and vitamins C and E + methyl parathion-treated group were compared to control group, body and testis weights decreased significantly at the end of 4th and 7th weeks. It was observed that, at the end of 4th and 7th weeks there was a statistically significant decrease in sperm counts and sperm motility, increase in abnormal sperm morphology when methyl parathion- and vitamins C and E + methyl parathion-treated group were compared to control group. While sperm counts increased at the end of 4th and 7th weeks, sperm motility increased at the end of 7th week when vitamins C and E + methyl parathion-treated group compared with methyl parathion-treated group, no changes were observed in abnormal sperm morphology at the end of 4th and 7th weeks. In our light microscopic investigations, after 4 and 7 weeks of methyl parathion exposure, necrosis and edema were observed in the seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissues. After 4 and 7 weeks of vitamins C and E + methyl parathion exposure, degenerative changes were detected in the seminiferous tubules while no pathological findings were observed in the interstitial tissues. According to the present study, we conclude that vitamins C and E reduces methyl parathion testicular toxicity, but it does not protect completely.  相似文献   

19.
Evaluation of the antioxidant and antiteratogenic role of ginger Zingiber officinale polyphenols against the toxicity induced by fenitrothion and/or lead in female albino rats were investigated. Adult virgin females were divided into 8 groups and were orally treated as follow: control (C), 1% w/w of ginger (G), 120 μg/animal lead as lead acetate (L), 10 mg/kg of fenitrothion (F), lead (120 μg/animal) fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) (LF), ginger (1%w/w) + fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) (GF), ginger (1%w/w) + lead (120 μg/animal) (GL), ginger (1%w/w) + lead (120 μg/animal) + fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) (GLF). Treatments were expanded for 28 days before pregnancy and during gestation period from zero to 6th day. Blood samples were taken at the day 20th of gestation and animals were sacrificed to investigate the effect of tested substances on dams and development of their fetuses. Inhibition in AchE in (F) and (LF) groups and elevation in plasma AchE in (L) groups were observed. Elevation in oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) was recorded in all intoxicated groups concomitants with reduction in total reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduction in the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST). Elevation in liver function biomarkers alanin amintransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and reduction in plasma total protein and albumin were recorded in (F), (L) and (LF). Supplementation with ginger in diet attenuates the alteration in MDA, GSH, GST, ALT and AST, however, it failed to counteract the effect of F, L and LF on AchE, total protein and albumin. Significant alterations in maternal toxicity were recorded in (GF, GL, LF and GLF) compared with control group. Also, parameters of embryotoxicity and fetotoxicity indicated significant decrease in litter number that observed in F and L and the number of dead fetus/dam and litters number increased in L group. Supplementation with ginger decreased each of the number of died fetus, growth retardation and fetal length, while, it increased fetal weight. As regards to, teratological aspects, the percentage of skeletal malformations and visceral anomalies were observed in all feti obtained from treated groups with different percentages. Supplementation with ginger slightly attenuates the developmental toxicity of fenitrothion and/or lead.  相似文献   

20.
Organophosphate compounds are among the most widely used synthetic chemicals for controlling a wide variety of pests. Organophosphate (OP) poisoning continues to be major cause of morbidity and mortality in the third world countries. Indiscriminate use of these pesticides tends to leave residues on the objects of the environment. Present study is aimed to compare the potential of three commonly used OP pesticides, chlorpyrifos (CPF), methyl parathion (MPT) and malathion (MLT), to generate oxidative stress in rat tissues and to evaluate whether the combined exposure of these pesticides exerts synergistic or antagonistic effects. Results of the present study showed that CPF, MPT and MLT exposure to rats caused accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonanal (4HNE), the two major end products of lipid peroxidation, in liver, kidney, brain and spleen of rats. Combined exposure of these pesticides also resulted in accumulation of MDA and 4HNE in rat tissues but the increase was almost of the same order as observed in rat tissues given these pesticides singly. Exposure with CPF, MPT and MLT singly or in mixture, caused dose-dependent decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes namely, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in rat tissues when compared with control, and the decrease observed was of the same order in all the groups. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, an indicator of OP poisoning, was also decreased in rat tissues in dose-dependent manner in CPF, MPT, MLT and mixture treated group. Differential increase in the levels of cytochrome P450 (cyt P450) in hepatic and extra-hepatic tissues of rats given CPF, MPT or MLT singly or in mixture, indicate different rates of metabolism of these pesticides. Results of the present study clearly show that CPF, MPT and MLT exposure singly or in mixture, induced oxidative stress in rat tissues which may be the major contributor of the overall toxicity of the OP pesticides. Combined exposure of these pesticides does not seem to potentiate the toxicity of each other and their toxic effects are not additive.  相似文献   

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