共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
湿帘-风机降温下的温室热/流场模拟及降温系统参数优化 总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2
为提高温室夏季降温环境性能,提出了一种基于计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)的温室湿帘-风机系统的降温环境优化设计方法。采用太阳射线追踪法来模拟太阳辐射对夏季温室内流场环境的影响,并结合温室内作物的多孔介质模型,构建并求解温室三维非稳态模型,模拟了湿帘-风机降温下的温室内部温度场与速度场分布情况。模拟结果与试验测量的温度值和风速值进行了对比,其平均误差分别在4%和6%以内,验证了建立的温室CFD模型的准确性。结合正交试验方法,基于CFD模型对不同温室长度、湿帘面积和风机速度参数条件下的室内降温环境进行了优化设计。根据模拟优化获得的不同配置方案结果,建立了温室长度、湿帘面积和风机速度参数的拟合结果,为夏季华东沿海地区Venlo型温室湿帘-分机降温系统的设计提供了可靠的理论依据。 相似文献
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湿帘-风机系统对北京育肥猪舍的降温效果 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
北京市夏季高温将对猪的生产造成严重影响,夏季猪舍环境温度控制尤为重要。该试验研究比较了湿帘-风机和单纯风机在北京猪舍的降温效果,设计了风机风量测量系统并实测了猪舍通风量,每天定时分别测定两猪舍内温度、湿度、风速和舍外温、湿度并进行比较分析。结果表明:试验期间,湿帘-风机猪舍和单纯风机舍6个断面风速范围分别为0.51~0.84和0.51~0.68 m/s,整体风速差异不显著(P0.05)。湿帘-风机舍舍内温度显著低于单纯风机舍(P0.05),湿帘-风机舍和单纯风机舍舍内温度高于30.0℃的小时数占比分别为5.0%和20.2%。湿帘-风机舍同一时刻断面1(湿帘端)温度低于断面6(风机端)温度0.4~2.2℃,单纯风机舍各时刻不同断面的温度差异不显著(P0.05)。单纯风机舍内的猪只呼吸频率均显著高于湿帘-风机舍内呼吸频率3.82次/min(12:00)和3.05次/min(14:00)(P0.05)。湿帘-风机舍降温系统日用水量为1.20~6.27 m~3。北京地区猪舍使用湿帘-风机系统降温效果优于单纯风机降温效果,但湿帘-风机降温将耗用一定水资源。 相似文献
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负压湿帘风机降温被广泛应用于温室生产中,但存在降温均匀性差、限制温室长度及对温室密闭性要求高等不足。为克服负压湿帘风机降温的局限性,提高日光温室降温能力,该研究设计了日光温室正压湿帘冷风降温系统,其气流组织方式为湿冷空气从南屋面底部进入日光温室,热空气由顶开窗排出室外。在北京地区无作物的日光温室对系统夏季降温增湿效果及性能进行试验,试验结果表明:在典型夏季高温白天,正压湿帘冷风降温系统配合遮阳网可将日光温室试验区内平均气温控制在30.7～33.4℃,比采用自然通风配合遮阳网的对照区低5.4～11.1℃,比室外低2.4～5.4℃,降温效果良好;夜间系统对温室降温幅度减小。该系统可有效缓解低湿胁迫,日光温室试验区空气平均相对湿度为49.8%～62.3%,比对照区及室外分别高13.6%～21.2%和13.6%～24.6%。室内风速0.35～1 m/s,气流分布差异性较小。试验条件下,正压湿帘冷风降温系统的平均降温效率为91%,比传统的负压湿帘风机高10个百分点以上;实际平均耗水量为0.035～0.079 g/(m~2·s),且耗水量与室外空气水蒸气饱和压差(VPD,vapor pressure deficit)呈正相关(P0.01,r=0.64)。同时,研究构建了日光温室冷负荷计算模型及湿帘冷风降温设备合理选型方法,其中冷负荷模型是降温设备选型的基础,普遍适用于各种日光温室降温方法的研究。计算得到日光温室夏季降温冷负荷为299.1W/m~2,应安装的正压湿帘冷风降温系统最大比通风量为0.067 m/s。该研究为日光温室正压湿帘冷风降温方法的工程应用提供了技术参考,为日光温室安全越夏生产环境控制提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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基于CFD的温室气温时空变化预测模型及通风调控措施 总被引：1，自引：6，他引：1
夏季温室高温湿热,对作物生长产生重大危害,制定合理的夏季温室气温调控方案,是提高温室生产效益,降低温室气温调控能耗的关键问题。该文基于计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法,结合气象预报信息,针对苏南地区大型连栋温室,建立了夏季温室气温时空变化预测模型,通过设置边界参数,对不同通风条件下温室气温的时空变化进行了预测,并通过试验验证了模型的有效性。试验结果表明,预测值与实测值吻合良好,均方根误差在1.2℃以内,最大相对误差在6%以内,平均相对误差在4%以内。不同通风降温条件下的试验结果显示,温室气温空间分布存在明显差异,湿帘-风机系统较自然通风降温效果显著,降温幅度在5℃左右,持续的湿帘-风机降温措施可将温室高温控制在较低水平。基于该文模型的预测结果和温室调控目标,选取合适的时间点、时间长度和不同类型的通风降温措施,可有效提高温室气温调控效率和效益。同时,该研究还可为优化传感器布局提供依据。 相似文献
5.
夏季肉牛舍湿帘风机纵向通风系统的环境CFD模拟 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了研究湿帘风机纵向通风系统应用于肉牛舍的夏季降温效果,该试验在现场环境指标实测的基础上,采用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)的方法对湿帘风机纵向通风肉牛舍的气流场与温度场进行模拟,并对系统进行改进与优化.模拟时将牛只按与实物原型等比例引入到模型中,结果表明:舍内温度分布均匀,但受牛体挡风的影响,气流分布不均,高风速区主要集中在屋顶及饲喂走道,可达0.9～1.2 m/s;牛活动区域风速较小,均小于0.6 m/s,不能满足饲养标准.在75个风速测定点剔除异常值后,气流场的相对误差范围为0.16％～94.41％,平均相对误差为34.53％,45个温度测点的相对误差范围为0.09％～10.74％,平均相对误差4.71％.通过温度场吻合性结果确定模拟与实测有较好的吻合度.在不改变牛舍围护结构及舍内构造的前提下,对牛舍进行优化,舍内安装导流板,使得温度与气流场的分布均匀性显著提高,降温效果更为显著.该研究可为湿帘风机牛舍的优化设计和环境调控提供参考. 相似文献
6.
准确预测蛋鸡舍内温度和相对湿度参数动态变化是精准调控舍内热湿环境的重要条件。然而,现有预测模型通常未能考虑湿帘降温效率的变化及其对舍内热湿环境的影响。针对此问题,该研究通过分析湿帘降温效率变化规律和舍内热、湿平衡关系,构建了蛋鸡舍内温、湿度全年逐时动态变化预测模型,并进行了现场验证、案例展示和讨论分析。结果表明:1)蛋鸡舍内温、湿度模拟值与实测值变化趋势一致,舍内温度的平均预测误差为0.67℃,舍内相对湿度的平均预测误差为3.1%;2)因围护结构热惰性而引起蛋鸡舍内温度的延迟(夏季无延迟,冬季1 h)和衰减(夏季0.3℃,冬季1.02℃)均较小;3)若不考虑湿帘降温效率的动态变化,如设为80%定值时,模拟的温度误差为1.4℃,相对湿度误差为5.4%,模型预测精准度降低。该研究可为蛋鸡舍建筑设计与热湿环境调控提供理论指导,以提高蛋鸡生产性能。 相似文献
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基于CFD模型的大跨度温室自然通风热环境模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大跨度温室作为一种新型南北走向的钢骨架覆膜温室,解决了传统日光温室土地利用率低、空间狭小的问题。为了研究在自然通风条件下大跨度温室的温度和气流场的分布规律,以及不同室外风速条件下通风口开度对大跨度温室温度和气流场的影响,利用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)软件构建三维稳态大跨度温室模型,模拟自然通风条件下大跨度温室内的温度场和气流场,并采集典型晴天下通风口开启50%时大跨度温室内13个测点的温度,将各测点的测量值与模拟值进行比较,最后利用已验证模型模拟分析通风口开度(25%、50%、75%、100%)在不同室外风速(1、2、3、4 m·s~(-1))条件下的大跨度温室温度和气流场。验证结果表明:模型模拟值与实测值的绝对误差在0.2~2.8℃,均方根误差为1.6℃,最大相对误差为9.9%,平均相对误差为4.1%,表明模拟值与实测值吻合良好。模拟结果显示,温室顶部温度高,底部温度低;室外冷空气从西侧通风口进入,温室内西侧温度低于东侧;温室内平均风速从南到北逐渐减小;温室中部风速明显小于东西两侧。大跨度温室上通风口及侧通风口全开时,温室内温度分布较均匀。温室通风口开度一定时,温室内通风率与室外风速呈显著线性正相关。考虑温室内温度及风速对作物的影响,以降温为主要目的时,建议通风口开度取75%~100%,若室外风速大于3m·s-1且室内温度能满足作物生长,则建议通风口开度75%。 相似文献
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利用CFD模型研究日光温室内的空气流动 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
在温室内空气流动对室内环境具有重要调节作用,因此有必要研究日光温室内空气流动特性。基于计算流体动力学CFD(computational fluid dynamics)方法,运用大型计算流体动力学软件Fluent对日光温室建立模型,采用标准湍流模型对日光温室内气流分布进行了三维稳态求解。模拟时将日光温室内外空气作为研究对象,并且温室内空间连同其周围的一部分室外空间一起作为CFD模拟的计算领域。对日光温室内气流变化及分布进行了数值模拟,并在温室内进行了气流试验测试,对测量值和计算所得的风速值进行了比较,结果表明,二者最大误差小于9%,说明风速的实测值和模拟值吻合良好,CFD模型有效,且得到了日光温室内部流场速度分布。通过气流流场模拟结果分析表明,直观显示了日光温内的流场特性和流动状态,气流从窗户进入沿着底部通风口流出日光温室,并且气流在底部通风口速度分布较均匀,在温室下部形成了较为明显的涡流。该文模拟结果可为东北地区日光温室的优化设计以及温室环境调节等方面提供理论依据。 相似文献
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温室小气候要素的计算机自动控制效果分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对自行设计和制造的温室装备的小气候要素控制效果进行了分析。用遮阳网和温帘风机降温系统可使夏季温室的最高温度控制在３２－３３℃,晴天空气湿度增加到７８％－８５％,冬季营养液电热线加温,能将作物根际温度控制在１５℃左右的合适水平。采用遮阳网和日光色镝灯补光,可以将不同季节的光强控制在作物生长较适的范围内。 相似文献
11.
H. Majdoubi T. Boulard H. Fatnassi L. Bouirden 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2009,149(6-7):1050-1062
This study presents an analysis of air circulation and microclimate distribution during daytime in a 1-ha Canary type tomato greenhouse in the coastal area of southern Morocco. The investigation of the climate inside the greenhouse is based on a numerical simulation using a finite volumes method to solve the mass, momentum and energy conservation equations. The main novelty of this simulation lies in the realism of the 3D modelling of this very large agricultural structure with (i) a coupling of convective and radiative exchanges at the surface of the plastic roof cover, (ii) simulation of the dynamic influence of the insect screens and tomato crop on airflow movement, using the concept of porous medium, (iii) simulation, in each grid cell of the crop canopy, of the sensible and latent heat exchanges between the greenhouse air and the tomato crop, and (iv) detailed simulation of climate parameters in a 1-ha real-scale commercial greenhouse.The model simulations were first validated with respect to temperature and relative humidity fields measured inside the experimental greenhouse for fairly steady-state outside conditions marked by a prevailing sea breeze around the solar noon. A good agreement was observed between the measured and simulated values for inside air temperatures and specific humidity. It was next used for exploring the details of the inside air temperature and humidity fields and plant microclimates and transpiration fluxes throughout the greenhouse space. Simulation for a wind direction perpendicular to the side and roof openings shows that the insect screen significantly reduced inside air velocity and increased inside temperature and humidity, especially in the vicinity of the crop canopy. It revealed the details of the flow field within the greenhouse. At the windward end of the greenhouse, the flow field was marked by a strong windwise air current above the tomato canopy which was fed by the windward side vent, and a slow air stream flowing within the tomato canopy space. Then, from the first third of the greenhouse to the leeward end, the flow field was marked by the combination of wind and buoyancy forces, with warmer and more humid inside air which was evacuated through the upper roof vents, while colder and dryer air was penetrated through the upper roof vent openings. Based on these simulations, design studies of the greenhouse crop system were performed to improve inside air temperature and humidity conditions by simple modifications of orientation of the crop rows. 相似文献
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塑料大棚气流场模拟及作物蒸腾量计算 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为了分析塑料大棚内气流场的特征和计算与作物蒸腾量有关的通风参数,该文通过计算流体动力学模拟了塑料大棚内自然通风量,建立了华东地区常见塑料大棚内平均风速和外部风速之间的线性关系,根据能量平衡和紊流扩散模型建立了一个计算作物蒸腾量的数学模型,并利用棚外的常规气象资料和棚内的实测温度计算了棚内作物蒸腾量。通过将作物蒸腾量的计算值和实测值进行比较,结果发现作物蒸腾量的计算值与实测值比较一致,逐日蒸腾量间的决定系数为0.7756,累积蒸腾量间的决定系数为0.9983,模拟累计值与实测累计值之间标准误差为1.16 mm,最大绝对误差为4.82 mm;结果表明,所建立的计算方程参数较少,推求的风速参数比较适用于普通塑料大棚。该研究可满足大棚内作物水分管理、温室大棚设计规划和区域水资源管理等方面的需要。 相似文献
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Simple Indirect Estimation of Ventilation and Crop Transpiration Rates in a Greenhouse 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
A simple linear model has been developed, based on the greenhouse crop heat and mass balances allowing for the calculation of inside air temperature and humidity together with crop temperature. This model is valid for a mature non-stressed crop with low-temperature difference between inside and outside. It can numerically be inverted in order to identify the greenhouse ventilation function together with the soil heat storage parameter, by fitting measured and calculated data of crop temperature and inside air temperature and humidity, and by deducing crop transpiration rate.This model was tested in summer in a ‘classically ventilated tunnel’ with a small opening surface (6%), and in a ‘largely opened tunnel’ with a large opening surface (18%). Measurements were carried out when the tomato crop was mature. On the basis of the experimental measurements, the coefficients of efficiency for ventilation were determined and used to validate the model with respect to inside air measurements. The identified values for the ventilation coefficients are in agreement with the values reported in the literature. Likewise, calculated inside air speed deduced from ventilation in both tunnels was also in good agreement with the measured values. It is shown that this approach allows for a precise estimation of ventilation and transpiration rates using only simple measurement devices such as temperature and air humidity sensors. 相似文献
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基于CFD技术的日光温室自然通风热环境模拟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
首先利用计算流体力学（CFD）软件,构建自然通风条件下日光温室内温度和气流场的模拟模型;其次,通过测量典型晴天前覆盖下通风口开启时日光温室内各测点的温度,将16个测点的实测值与模型模拟结果进行对比,对模型进行验证;然后,利用通过验证的模型模拟分析3种通风模式下（前覆盖上通风口单独开启、前覆盖下通风口单独开启以及上下通风口同时开启）日光温室内温度和气流场的分布。模拟结果表明：当温室前覆盖上通风口单独开启时,室外冷空气从通风口下端进入并迅速下行,然后通过通风口上端流出,温室内气流主要受热压的影响,空气流速小。当温室前覆盖下通风口单独开启时,温室内0.5m高度以下气流速度较大,室外冷空气从通风口下端进入,与地面、后墙、后坡和覆盖层进行热交换后,从通风口上端流出,温室内温度分布与气流走向一致。当温室前覆盖上、下通风口同时开启时,冷空气从下通风口进入,从上通风口流出,在通风口处气流速度较大。模拟条件下,温室单开上通风口或下通风口时室内平均温度为300.0K,但单开上通风口温室内温度分布更均匀;上、下通风口同时开启时,温室内温度为299.0K,通风降温效果明显优于单开一个通风口。 相似文献
15.
The effect of ventilation configuration of a tunnel greenhouse with crop on airflow and temperature patterns was numerically investigated using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The numerical model was firstly validated against experimental data collected in a tunnel greenhouse identical with the one used in simulations. The airflow patterns were measured and collected using a three-dimensional sonic anemometer and the greenhouse ventilation rate was deduced using a tracer gas technique. A good qualitative and quantitative agreement was found between the numerical results and the experimental measurements. After its validation, the CFD model was used to study the consequences of four different ventilator configurations on the natural ventilation system. The ventilation configuration affects the ventilation rate of the greenhouse and the airflow and air temperature distributions as well. For the different configurations, computed ventilation rates varied from 10 to 58 air changes per hour for an outside wind speed of 3 m s−1 and for a wind direction perpendicular to the openings. Likewise, the simulations highlight that while the mean air temperature at the middle of the tunnels varied from 28·2 to 29·8°C, for an outside air temperature of 28°C, there are regions inside tunnels 6°C warmer than outside air. Average air velocity in the crop cover varied according to the arrangement of the vents from 0·2 to 0·7 m s−1. The consequences of the marked climate heterogeneity on plant activity through the variation of crop aerodynamic resistance as well as the influence of the vent configurations on the efficiencies of ventilation on flow rate and air temperature differences between inside and outside, are also discussed. 相似文献
16.
《Biosystems Engineering》2003,84(3):315-329
A model for fan-ventilated greenhouse cooling is presented in which the primary heat transfer surfaces (cover/structure, canopy and floor) are represented as three parallel planes. Validation of the model was accomplished using data collected over 14 days. Agreement was good, with canopy temperatures over-predicted by only 0·1%, air temperatures in the canopy under-predicted by 0·5%, humidity of the canopy air under-predicted by 1·6% and transpiration rates under-predicted by 1·4%. Simulation runs suggest that when evaporative pad cooling is not used, little advantage is derived from increasing airflow rates beyond about 0·05 m3 m−2 s−1. When evaporative pad cooling is used, however, both air and canopy temperatures decline with increasing airflow rates up to 0·13 m3 m−2 s−1, the highest level considered. Increasing canopy size is predicted to be more influential in reducing air temperatures when evaporative pad cooling is used than when it is not, but its effect on canopy temperature is expected to be approximately the same whether or not evaporative pad cooling is used. With no evaporative pad cooling, the evapotranspiration coefficient (i.e., the ratio of energy used for transpiration to incoming solar energy) is predicted to range from 1·75 for an outside temperature of 36·8°C and an outside humidity ratios of 3·3 g kg−1 to 0·8 for an outside humidity ratio of 29·9 g kg−1 at the same temperature. With evaporative pad cooling, the coefficient is predicted to range from 0·6 to 0·8 at the same outside temperature and the same range of outside humidity ratios. 相似文献
17.
大跨度保温型温室的热环境模拟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
大跨度保温型温室为拱型钢骨架结构,南北走向,相邻温室间距仅2m,相比于传统日光温室土地利用率提高到91%,且仍具有日光温室节能的特点。为分析和评价该温室的蓄热保温性能,基于温室热传导、对流换热、太阳辐射、天空辐射、作物蒸腾、自然通风等热物理过程,构建了温室内热环境变化模型,并利用Matlab软件对其进行求解,模拟在冬季连续4个典型工作日无加温条件下,每10min的室内空气温度和作物根区温度,并将模拟值与实测值进行对比分析。结果表明,模型对大跨度温室内空气温度模拟的平均绝对误差在±1.3℃之内,模拟值与实测值间直线方程的决定系数（R2）为0.99（n=576）,回归估计标准误差（RMSE）和相对误差（RE）分别为1.6℃和16.4%;作物根区温度实测值与模拟值的绝对误差在±0.6℃之内,直线方程的R2为0.91（n=576）,RMSE和RE分别为0.76℃和6.7%。模型模拟值与实测值较为一致,可为温室环境精准调控和结构优化设计提供理论依据。 相似文献