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1.
Tight-fitting clothing pattern reflecting the accurate information of the 3D body shape has been one of the challenges for
garment industry, however, fitting problems still exist. The objectives of the paper is to develop a 2D pattern which fits
tightly to the 3D human scan data for sports suits that need comfort and function for maximum performance. In this study,
the user graphic interface application software for the semi-automatic garment pattern generation has been implemented using
the triangle simplification scheme together with 2D projections of free-falling of 3D surface polygons keeping the original
3D surface area preservation. A typical application of the developed pattern to the functional body suits is presented and
verification of the proposed method is also provided. 相似文献
2.
Ivana Špelić Dubravko Rogale Alka Mihelić Bogdanić Slavenka Petrak Maja Mahnić Naglić 《Fibers and Polymers》2018,19(6):1278-1287
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of design solutions on the thermal insulation of the garments and the ensembles. Previous studies investigated the microclimatic air gaps and volumes, however only under the first - and the second - layered clothing. Since none of the previous studies covered three - layered ensembles, in this study ensembles were accompanied by jackets of different fit and length to investigate the ensembles’ thermal insulation. Variants of bomber jacket differ in the amount of the ease allowance, while variants of the parka differ in length. The thermal insulation of the ensembles increased for 21.6 to 59.7 % when one of the jacket variants was added as the outerwear garment. A threshold volume, after which the thermal insulation will start to decrease due to convection, wasn’t determined for the outerwear third - layered garments nor was the impact of the length of the garment on the thermal insulation clearly stated. This study involved laboratory testing of garments and ensembles by 3D body scanning and thermal manikin measurements. To evaluate the volume of the microclimatic air volume the accurate 3D body scanning was used and the impact of the microclimatic volume on the ensemble’s insulation was tested. The thermal insulation for the selected outerwear garments and afterwards ensembles was measured by resting thermal manikin. Analysis of the results obtained from tests, showed that the garments’ fit and length can be used to model the overall thermal insulation of the ensembles. The ensembles insulation enlargement was measured for microclimatic volumes up to 33.57 dm3 (measured with ensembles accompanied with bomber jacket). The study proved that the limiting microclimatic volume is greater for three - layered clothing, than previously reported. The overall ensembles’ insulation increased simultaneously with the length enlargement (measured with ensembles accompanied with parka jacket). Findings will be of help in the future research on garments and ensembles thermal properties modelled through the design process and the construction. 相似文献
3.
This paper suggests basic information for the improvement of the fit of cloth patterns by lateral body type by comparing the
surface patterns of the upper lateral body. The surface patterns were created by projecting three-dimensional figure data
onto flattened patterns with a purpose-built software, Patternmaker2008. The resulting surface patterns were compared to explain
the differences among lateral body types. Depending on the upper lateral body type, there were significant differences in
the parameters related to neck width, lateral neck height, shoulder-dart angle, shoulder angle, back-center angle, and waist-dart
ratio. These surface pattern parameters can provide a quantitative basis for the use of lateral shape features in the production
of garment patterns and the improvement of upper lateral shape fit. 相似文献
4.
Bra cup moulding is currently a remarkable process in the production of seamless intimate apparel. The process is highly complex,
time-consuming and error-prone due to the large variations of foam and lamination properties, cup styles and sizes, and geometric
features of graduated padding. In particular, the three-dimensional (3D) geometric shape of foam cups is difficult to assess
accurately because they are very soft and readily deform. In cases that involve fitting problems, shape modifications of the
mould head and determination of the optimal moulding conditions have undergone repeated trials and errors. There is limited
knowledge about the effects of foam properties and cup parameters in the controlling of moulding conditions. This study adopts
a parameterization-based remesh algorithm method to evaluate the 3D shapes of the convex surface of scanned cup samples. The
shape conformity of the cup is quantified in accordance to the corresponding mould head. In this respect, the moulding conditions
that would achieve the most desirable geometric shapes of bra cups can be accurately and objectively demonstrated. Based on
moulding experiments with 6 types of polyurethane (PU) foam materials, empirical equations that associate the cup shape conformity
and the shape deviations from selected cup sectional curves are established. Through the use of non-linear regression models,
the shape conformity of the moulded cups can be predicted by moulding conditions with reasonable accuracy. The shape conformity
provides effective guidelines for quality assurance and improves production efficiency of bra cup moulding. Moreover, thermal-mechanical
properties, such as compressive strain and softening temperature obtained from thermomechanical analysis (TMA) scans, provide
a good understanding of cup shape conformity and determine the lowest moulding temperature at initial trails of the bra cup
moulding process. Surprisingly, in pliable foams, the cup size does not have an apparent effect on the moulding conditions
to achieve optimal cup shape conformity. The results reveal that the moulding conditions for sizes 34B and 34D could remain
the same for pliable foam materials. Nevertheless, in the case of more rigid foams, a higher moulding temperature is required
to achieve a desirable cup shape for size 34D as more energy is required for the heat-setting of foam materials with higher
proportions of hard segments at the moulding of a larger cup size in anticipation of larger deformations. 相似文献
5.
This study is the first step to investigate usability of shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) fibers for smart garment applications. SMPU fibers were spun by wet spinning process and chemical/mechanical characterization was carried out. SMPU solutions were prepared with two different concentrations (20 % and 25 %) and three different coagulation bath concentrations (0 %, 1 % and 3 %) were used for determining optimum spinning parameters. For investigating influences of spinning process on crystal structure, mechanical, thermal and shape memory performances of fibers, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical tests were conducted. DSC and DMA analysis results show that shape memory polyurethane fibers have a glass transition temperature about 35-40 oC which is suitable for body temperature. Moreover, SMPU fibers showed good tensile performance with an average tenacity of 1.38 cN/dtex and elongation at break of 350 %. Thermo mechanical test results showed that, all shape memory fibers have good shape memory effect with recovery and fixity ratios up to 91 % and 71 % respectively. 相似文献
6.
One step dyeing of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics combining pretreatment and dyeing under the alkali condition was developed for cleaner production. One step dyeing of PET fabrics required that the dye used has good acid and alkali stability. In this paper, dyeing properties of three azo disperse dyes containing cyano group based on benzisothiazole, 3- (4-N-ethoxyl-N-cyanoethyl -phenyldiazenyl)-5-nitro-2,1-benzisothiazole (D1), 3-(4-N-ethyl-N-cyanoethyl- phenyldiazenyl)- 5-nitro-2,1-benzisothiazole (D2), and 3-(N-benzyl-N-cyanoethyl- phenyldiazenyl)-5-nitro-2,1-benzisothiazole (D3), were investigated under alkali condition. The results showed that polyester fabrics could be well dyed with D1, D2 and D3 under the acid condition. However, D1 was decomposed while dyeing at the alkali solution. D2 and D3 had excellent color yields under the alkali condition. The acid-alkali stability and the structure change were analyzed by UV-vis spectrum and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Gaussian 09 program package was used to optimize geometry by B3LYP method and 6-31G (d) basis set. The solvation energy of D1 in water was higher than those of D2 and D3. The electron withdrawn effect of the hydroxyl affected the energy gap of HOMO and LUMO orbits. D2 and D3 showed excellent stability in the strong alkali medium. And the dyed polyester fabrics with D2 and D3 at the alkali condition also had good fastness properties. 相似文献
7.
A parametric body model generation system has been developed. Using various mathematic and geometric algorithms of this system,
a three-dimensionally scanned human body can be converted into a resizable body model. Once a parametric body model is formed,
its size and shape can be modified instantaneously by providing appropriate anthropometric data. To facilitate the subsequent
pattern arrangement process for garment drape simulation, a bounding box generation algorithm has been developed in this study.
Also the model can be converted into a set of parametric surfaces that it can also be used for three-dimensional garment pattern
design system. 相似文献
8.
Fabric or foam sheet moulding is an important manufacturing technique for the apparel industry, in particular for bra production.
It is the most economical and convenient method to seamlessly form a garment part into a specified 3D shape. This paper proposes
an example-based method for designing moulded bra cups. In this study, a total of 10 typical moulded bra cup specimens were
scanned using the Steinbichler Comet white light scanner. Parameterization based remeshing and registration algorithm was
used to characterize the 3D shapes of the convex surface of the scanned bra cups. Using an example-based method, virtual master
moulds were constructed based on the 3D surfaces of the investigated bra cups after eliminating the style lines and size differences.
Then a new bra cup design can be developed from the master mould, either by drawing the style lines in the virtual environment
or using scissors to cut the moulded plastic shot along the desired style lines. Different sizes can also be made by grading
the wire frame model in 3D manner. The present method will provide a scientific tool for the product development of new bra
cups which was conventionally very time-consuming and ineffective. 相似文献
9.
将同批次茗科1号乌龙茶适制鲜叶等量分配给6个参试小组,统一参照闽南清香型乌龙茶工艺流程进行加工试制,结果表明：鲜叶弱光晒青30 min后,在室内摊晾1～2 h即可摇青;第一次摇青转速12～15 r/min、时长2～3 min,第二和第三次摇青转速与时长逐步提高,摇青总转数为400转左右,每次间隔时长约2 h,做青历时20 h;杀青温度控制在260～280℃,两次毛火温度均为60～65℃,而后于70℃烘至足干（约需100 min）为获得较优清香型乌龙茶风味品质的最适工艺参数。 相似文献
10.
标准化的实验室制作与评价方法是面条品质改良的前提和基础.针对原商业部SB/T10137-93面条制作与品尝评分标准存在的不完善之处,对面条制作过程中的适宜加水量、和面时间、压片和煮面方法进行了研究,制定出我国面条的标准化实验室制作方法与评价系统.具体程序如下:以加水后面团水分含量为35.0%来确定最适宜加水量;通过低速(1 min)、快速(2 min)、低速(2 min)三个搅拌过程完成和面;在压面机上压片八次,并在最后一次压片时切成面条;在等量(2 L)水中用相同时间(6 min)煮等量(150 g)面条,煮面结束立即把面条放入冰水中冷却2 min.改进后的评价系统为色泽15分、外观10分、软硬度20分、粘弹性30分、光滑性15分、食味10分;以雪花粉为对照,将待评样品与对照相比后给出适宜分值.实验结果表明,改进的方法优于SB/T10137-93标准. 相似文献
11.
Ping Zhong Yunlong Shi Xu Chen Qingxin Tan Changpeng Zhang 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(11):1919-1926
Digital intelligent recognition for the weave pattern of fabric plays an important role to improve automation and artificial intelligence in textile production process. In order to improve the data processing efficiency and minimize the negative influence such as human error in the conventional methods, a rapid, automatic and accurate method for the surface structure analysis and the fabric weave pattern recognition is proposed. First of all, an imaging system was designed to obtain the double-faced images of fabric samples, and then the captured images were treated by projection algorithm in both warp and weft directions to generate a grid net which splits the image into massive nodes. In the following step, the nodes were preliminary classified based on the intensity of the node’s quadrilateral boundary and at the same time, the color of the nodes was calculated by using the color clustering method. To improve the accuracy of node classification, the types and color information of the adjacent nodes, together with double-faced image information, were utilized for error correction. At last, the node information acquired was encoded and expressed digitally by a basic matrix, two one-dimension matrices (row and column) and a color mapping table. Following the procedure above, the digital model of the weave pattern of the sample fabric is established. Experiments have been conducted and show the performance of the proposed method. 相似文献
12.
Aryamanesh S Ebrahimi SM Abotaleb N Nobakht M Rahimi-Moghaddam P 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2012,16(1):44-51
Background: Antioxidants such as α-tocopherol (vitamin E) and β-carotene (vitamin A) play an important role in protective effect of repeated brief periods of ischemia, namely ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Values of these antioxidants were investigated and compared after induction of ischemia reperfusion (IR) and kidney IPC in both male and female rats. Methods: Forty eight Wistar rats were divided randomly into six groups of 8: groups A and B (male and female controls, respectively), group C (male IR or IR cases), group D (female IR cases) and groups E and F (male and female IPC cases, respectively). In groups C and D, ischemia was induced by clamping of left renal arteries for 45 min. In groups E and F, rats underwent four cycles of 4 min of arterial clamping and 11 min of de-clamping before final 45 min ischemia induction. Afterward, serum was collected to assess the blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and vitamins E and A values. Renal tissues were obtained for histological assessments. Results: α-tocopherol levels in male and female rats showed a significant increase in IPC compared with IR group (P<0.01) and also in female IPC compared with male IPC group. β-carotene levels had no significant variations. Histological evaluation showed that IR-induced renal injuries were less in female rats. Also, protective effects of IPC were more in female rats (P<0.01). Conclusions: Renal IPC reduced damages in both male and female rats, but tissue injuries in females were decreased much more along with the increase of endogenous vitamin E. Key Words: α-tocopherol, β-carotene, Antioxidant, Reperfusion, Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) 相似文献
13.
新疆杂草黑麦染色体核型分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了对新疆杂草黑麦的种质鉴定、起源分析、良种培育和遗传多样性研究提供依据,采用常规压片法制片结合显微摄影技术,分析了3个新疆杂草黑麦居群和1个栽培黑麦品种的核型并比较他们的异同点.结果表明,四种黑麦材料的染色体均为二倍体,染色体数目为14,不同材料之间染色体形态具有丰富的多态性.新疆杂草黑麦居群89R4的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=12m+ 2sm,除第7对为近中着丝粒染色体外,其余染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体,核型不对称系数为61.70％,核型类型为1A型,属于基本对称型.新疆杂草黑麦居群89R14的核型公式为2n=2x=14=8m+ 6sm(2sat),除第5、6、7对为近中着丝粒染色体外,其余染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体,其第7对染色体具有随体,核型不对称系数为60.88％,核型类型为2A型,属于基本对称型.新疆杂草黑麦居群89R60的核型公式为2n=2x=14=14m(2sat),其全部染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体,第3对染色体具有随体,核型不对称系数为60.47％,核型类型为1A型,属于基本对称型.栽培黑麦材料H36的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+ 4sm,除第5、6对为近中着丝粒染色体外,其余染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体,核型不对称系数为61.20％,核型类型为1A型,属于基本对称型. 相似文献
14.
Eun Hee Gang Chang Seok Ki Jong Wook Kim Jonghwan Lee Bum Gyu Cha Ki Hoon Lee Young Hwan Park 《Fibers and Polymers》2012,13(6):685-691
In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microfibrous scaffold with high porosity (ca. 90 % porosity) was developed for evaluating its performance in tissue engineering application. A dope solution of PLGA/polyethylene oxide (PEO) blend was electrospun into a methanol coagulation bath for fabricating highly porous 3D PLGA scaffold and a salt leaching method was used for making interconnected pores of 100?C200 ??m size inside the scaffold. The morphological structure, pore size and porosity of the microfibrous scaffold were determined, and compared with twodimensional (2D) mat-type and 3D sponge-type of PLGA scaffold. Also, swelling ratio, water uptake and compressive strength were compared in order to elucidate the structure-property relationships of different types of the scaffolds, especially in a wet condition. As a result of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, normal human dermal fibroblasts (nHDF) were migrated, attached, and proliferated well inside the 3D scaffold. MTT assay confirmed that the highly porous 3D PLGA microfibrous scaffold had superior cell adhesion and proliferation abilities due to fibrous structure of large specific surface area, and interconnected pore structure. Therefore, this high performance 3D PLGA scaffold can have a high potentiality for application in tissue engineering in comparison with conventional PLGA scaffolds. 相似文献
15.
Three dimensional simulation of viscoelastic polymer melts flow in a cast film process 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Three-dimensional simulation of the cast film process for viscoelastic polymer materials was carried out using the finite
element method. The flow between the extrusion die and chill roll was assumed to be steady-state and isothermal and the rheological
property of material was characterized by a single-mode PTT model. Gravity and inertial flow were considered in the simulation
work, but neglecting die swell at the die exit, surface tension, crystallization, transient disturbance and film sag. Simulation
results of the cast film production line were compared with the experimental data on the velocity profiles and neck-in values.
Neck-in and edge bead was well predicted and the influence of strain-hardening nature, elasticity of materials and operation
conditions on the final film shape was also investigated. It was found that the effect of strain-hardening nature was masked
for the material with a very low relaxation time when the single-mode PTT model was adopted. Greater elasticity helped to
produce a film with smaller neck-in and less waste edge. When the air gap length was increased, it was predicted that neck-in
phenomenon would be promoted as well. Moreover, it was found that ratio of neck-in values under different air gap lengths
was approximately equal to that of air gap lengths, which was consistent with experimental evidence. 相似文献
16.
Young Seok Koo 《Fibers and Polymers》2001,2(3):148-152
Cotton yarns were coated with a polymer solution to hold surface fibers to the yarn body, which caused fiber-fly generation
during knitting process. The physical property of the coated yarn, especially a bending rigidity was investigated in order
to evaluate the performance of the coated yarn during knitting. SEM images showing the surface condition of the coated yarn
demonstrated that the thickness of a coating material increased as the concentration of the coating solution increased. The
results of the bending rigidity measured using KES-FB2 system showed that the bending rigidity of the coated yarn increased
as the concentration of the coating solution increased. The results also revealed the possibility that yarn coated with a
low amount of coating material should be employed for further research of reducing fiber-fly generation during knitting process. 相似文献
17.
Data on the yield of lucerne for individual cuts and the total for three cuts from a uniformity trial were analysed. It was observed that CV% values decreased with the increase in plot size, both for each cut and for total yield. The decrease was considerable up to a plot size of 8 to 16 m2 . The plot shape did not show any consistent effect. Increasing the size of block resulted in increased CV values, but block shape had no consistent effect. The CV values were highest for the first cut and lowest for the second cut. A relationship between the average CV% and plot size was found. However, this relationship, or its modified form Y= a.X1 −b1 . X2 −b2 taking into account the plot shape and considering the individual CV values, provide a good fit to the data for the cases where blocking was adopted. The coefficient of heterogeneity was less than 0·29, being lowest for first-cut yields, followed by the total, the third cut and the second cut yields. This showed a high degree of positive correlation between yields of neighbouring plots. Blocking proved useful in increasing the efficiency of the experiment and it is suggested that block size may be kept at 8 or less plots per block. The relationship between average CV% and block size was of the from Y = a Xb . The present study suggests that, for field experiments with luceme, the plot size may be kept to a minimum that does not exceed 8 to 12 m2 , in blocks of eight to nine plots with the shapes of plots and blocks being nearly square. Calculating the efficiencies of confounded factorial design and incomplete block design revealed that block size may be kept to a minimum. The recovery of interblock information was found useful and balancing may be attempted, but only, if necessary. 相似文献
18.
近年在海南各植桑区均发现桑小头木虱（Paurocephala sauteri Enderlein）严重为害,桑园被害株率达100%。在我国,该木虱仅记录于台湾省,为我国大陆新入侵害虫。本研究在实验室条件下[(27±1)℃、RH (70±5)%、12L∶12D],采用45日龄桑树扦插苗和离体叶片饲养,对桑小头木虱的发育与繁殖特性及各虫态的形态特征开展观察。结果表明,桑小头木虱生活史包括卵、1~5龄若虫和成虫期。各龄期主要形态特征为：卵呈水滴形,带短的卵柄,端部具细长的端丝,初产时乳白色,待孵化时可见淡红色眼点;1龄若虫头、胸部乳白色,复眼和腹部橘黄色,无翅芽;2~5龄若虫黄绿色,随着龄期增加,体长增加,翅芽随之变化。2龄翅芽出现,稍突起;3龄翅芽较小,呈三角形;4龄和5龄翅芽长椭圆形,其中5龄超过腹部第1节。各龄若虫和初羽化成虫均可分泌白色球形蜡质。雌雄成虫以两性生殖方式繁殖后代,羽化3 d后体色由黄绿色逐渐变为黄褐色并开始交配,交配时间为0.5~3 h,结束交配18~21 h后开始产卵,产卵量为20~42粒。卵单个散产于叶片背面叶脉处,偶尔可见产于新抽嫩叶正面边缘,5~7 d后孵化,孵化率为98.19%,雌性百分率为70.44%。若虫期12~18 d,完成一代的时间为18~24 d。本研究将为桑小头木虱的准确识别与监测,以及防控策略的制定提供前提条件和理论依据。 相似文献
19.
Effect of cross-linking agent structure on the shape memory property of polyurethane block copolymer
Effect of cross-linking agent on the shape memory and mechanical property of polyurethane (PU) block copolymer is comprehensively
investigated. The selected chemical cross-linking agents are glycerol, 1,2,6-trihydroxyhexane, and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde
that are differentiated from each other in having remote hydroxyl group and aromatic ring. Significant increase in maximum
stress was observed for all of the cross-linked PUs, although the cross-linker structure was different. Structural change
of PU after cross-linking as evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectra was not detected, suggesting
that interaction between PU chains remained intact. Shape recovery went to as high as 95 % after cross-linking for all of
the cross-linking agents, and shape retention did not improve even if cross-linker was used. The remarkable increase in shape
recovery and maximum stress definitely originated from the employment of a cross-linking agent, and the effect of different
cross-linker structure on shape memory and mechanical property is discussed. 相似文献
20.
由丹参四倍体和二倍体杂交获得丹参三倍体,三倍体植株高度不育。为探讨其育性的细胞学机制,我们采用细胞学和解剖学的方法,对其花粉母细胞发育过程中的染色体和细胞学表现进行了观测。结果表明,丹参三倍体植株生长正常,在花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中存在落后染色体、染色体不均等分向两极、染色体桥等异常现象,分裂结果产生三分体、微核等,而且花粉粒形态异常,产生畸变,萌发率极低。这些说明,丹参三倍体在生长发育过程中,由于减数分裂过程中染色体数目不平衡,在减数分裂过程中产生各种畸变、异常的染色体和细胞的行为表现,是造成其不育的主要原因。本研究为丹参三倍体育性研究提供理论依据,也为丹参育种生产实践提供指导。 相似文献