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1.
Administration of vitamin K1, SC, to anticoagulant-poisoned (diphenadione) dogs provided diagnostic information within 4 hours, when vitamin K1 and its epoxide were measured in canine sera. Twelve dogs (2 groups of 6) were given 2.5 mg of diphenadione/kg of body weight for 3 days. Dogs were treated with vitamin K1, 2.5 (n = 6) or 5 mg/kg/day (n = 6) SC for 21 days, and their responses were compared. Four nonexposed control dogs were given 5 mg of vitamin K1/kg/day. Serum concentration of vitamin K epoxide was significantly (P less than 0.02) higher in diphenadione-exposed dogs than in control dogs 1 to 4 hours after the initial vitamin K1 treatment on day 4. Vitamin K epoxide/vitamin K1 ratios were similarly higher and became more distinct. Cessation of vitamin K1 therapy on day 24 resulted in prolongation of one-stage prothrombin times in diphenadione-exposed dogs, becoming clearly evident on day 27. Serum vitamin K1 concentrations were not detectable on day 27 in diphenadione-exposed dogs, whereas serum vitamin K1 concentrations were readily detectable in control dogs. One-stage prothrombin time changes, during days 24 to 32, indicated 5 mg of vitamin K1/kg provided better protection than did 2.5 mg of vitamin K1/kg. Coagulopathy in the dogs was resolved by day 32.  相似文献   

2.
Six horses gavaged with a commercial brodifacoum (BDF)-containing bait (Talone) at a dosage of 0.125 mg of BDF/kg of body weight showed weight loss, severe hypocoagulability and hemogram alterations. Four of the horses became depressed and anorectic; one required vitamin K1 therapy. Increases in clotting times were observed at 24 h in the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) followed by the thrombotest (TBT) and one-stage prothrombin time (PT) at 48 h. Elevated mean PTT, PT and TBT were observed from days 4 to 8 (p less than 0.05) with levels returning to pretreatment levels by day 12. Maximum prolongation was a fourfold increase in PTT (day 4), a 2.5-fold increase in TBT (day 6) and a twofold increase in PT (day 6). Thrombin clotting times remained unchanged. In two horses prolongation in clotting time did not normalize until day 23. The mean hematocrit (0.38 +/- 0.01 L/L) was decreased (p less than 0.05) from day 8 (0.33 +/- 0.02 L/L) to day 14 (0.33 +/- 0.01 L/L). The hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte numbers were decreased (p less than 0.05) from day 6 (20.1%, 17.6% respectively) to day 14 (22%, 20% respectively). Platelet counts decreased on day 6 (17.2%) to nine (14.6%). No other significant changes were observed in routine hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Peak plasma concentrations of BDF occurred 2 to 3 h after oral administration; two horses had detectable levels of BDF at nine days. Pharmacokinetic evaluation indicated that BDF has a half-life of 1.22 +/- 0.22 days, a body clearance of 1073.1 +/- 53.21 mL/kg/day, a volume of distribution of 1853.7 +/- 26.41 ng-day/mL and closely approximates a one-compartment model in the elimination phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

3.
Changes in blood coagulation parameters were followed in four red deer (Cervus elaphus) experimentally infected with malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) of deer. Blood platelet counts, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), one-stage prothrombin time (OSPT), activated clotting time (ACT), plasma anti-thrombin III (ATIII) activity, fibrinogen degradation production (FDP) and fibrinogen levels were measured. Inoculated deer became pyrexic after 17 or 19 days. Thereafter they developed watery diarrhoea which rapidly became haemorrhagic. The course of the clinical disease ranged from four to six days before the animals were killed or died. All inoculated deer developed abnormalities in laboratory parameters of blood coagulation. These varied within and between animals, but the coagulation profiles of all four animals remained abnormal until death. Post-mortem findings included extensive systemic petechiation, severe haemorrhage in the alimentary canal and vasculitis with disseminated thrombosis. Abnormal coagulation parameters included extension of APTT and OSPT, increased FDP, decreased ATIII and platelet counts and increased fibrinogen levels. The increases in fibrinogen were compatible with the acute phase response. The other coagulation abnormalities and haemorrhage and thrombosis were indicative of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with consumption coagulopathy, ACT remained normal in all deer although final clot quality was considered poor.  相似文献   

4.
OBJECTIVE: To determine usefulness of the test for proteins induced by vitamin K absence or antagonism (PIVKA) to identify anticoagulant-poisoned dogs, compared with one-stage prothrombin time (OSPT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) tests. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 325 dogs. PROCEDURE: Comparisons of results of PIVKA, OSPT, and APTT measurements in dogs with anticoagulant poisoning, hepatic disease, disseminated intravascular coagulation, other blood-related disorders, immune-mediated diseases, or other chronic and acute diseases were performed. Median, quartile, and range values were determined. RESULTS: PIVKA tests with a 150-second critical value had > 98% specificity and > 90% sensitivity for diagnosis of anticoagulant poisoning versus > 99% specificity and > 79% sensitivity with a 300-second critical value. Comparison of PIVKA values among diagnostic groups revealed significant differences between dogs with anticoagulant poisoning and all other groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The PIVKA test with a 150-second critical value is diagnostically useful for distinguishing anticoagulant poisoning from other coagulopathies. Severe liver disease can cause false-positive results. Administration of vitamin K1 or early evaluation (within a few hours of ingesting anticoagulant) may cause false-negative results. Dogs with PIVKA test values > 150 seconds and clinical signs of anticoagulant poisoning can confidently be considered to have anticoagulant poisoning because of the high test sensitivity and specificity.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To compare prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrinogen concentration in canine blood samples collected via an indwelling IV catheter and direct venipuncture. ANIMALS: 35 dogs admitted to an intensive care unit that required placement of an IV catheter for treatment. PROCEDURES: Blood samples were collected via IV catheter and direct venipuncture at the time of catheter placement and 24 hours after catheter placement. Prothrombin time, APTT, and fibrinogen concentration were measured. RESULTS: 5 dogs were excluded from the study; results were obtained for the remaining 30 dogs. Agreement (bias) for PT was -0.327 seconds (limits of agreement, -1.350 to 0.696 seconds) and 0.003 seconds (limits of agreement, -1.120 to 1.127 seconds) for the 0- and 24-hour time points, respectively. Agreement for APTT was -0.423 seconds (limits of agreement, -3.123 to 2.276 seconds) and 0.677 seconds (limits of agreement, -3.854 to 5.207 seconds) for the 0- and 24-hour time points, respectively. Agreement for fibrinogen concentration was -2.333 mg/dL (limits of agreement, -80.639 to 75.973 mg/dL) and -1.767 mg/dL (limits of agreement, -50.056 to 46.523 mg/dL) for the 0- and 24-hour time points, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Agreement between the 2 techniques for sample collection was clinically acceptable for PT, APTT, and fibrinogen concentration at time 0 and 24 hours. It is often difficult or undesirable to perform multiple direct venipunctures in critically ill patients. Use of samples collected via an IV catheter to monitor PT and APTT can eliminate additional venous trauma and patient discomfort and reduce the volume of blood collected from these compromised patients.  相似文献   

6.
Objective  To establish reference values for activated coagulation time (ACT) in normal cats and dogs, by visual assessment of clot formation using the MAX-ACTTM tube.
Subjects  We recruited 43 cats and 50 dogs for the study; 11 cats and 4 dogs were excluded from the statistical analysis because of abnormalities on clinical examination or laboratory testing including anaemia, prolonged prothrombin time (PT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), or insufficient plasma volume for comprehensive laboratory coagulation testing.
Procedure  Blood samples were collected via direct venipuncture for MAX-ACT, packed cell volume/total solids, manual platelet estimation and PT/APTT measurement. Blood (0.5 mL) was mixed gently in the MAX-ACT tube at 37°C for 30 s, then assessed for clot formation every 5 to 10 s by tipping the tube gently on its side and monitoring for magnet movement. The endpoint was defined as the magnet lodging in the clot. The technique was tested with 10 dogs by collecting two blood samples from the same needle insertion and running a MAX-ACT on each simultaneously.
Results  In normal cats the mean MAX-ACT was 66 s (range 55–85 s). In normal dogs the mean was 71 s (range 55–80 s). There was no statistical difference between the first and second samples collected from the same needle insertion.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance  In both cats and dogs, a MAX-ACT result >85 s should be considered abnormal and further coagulation testing should be performed. Additionally, failure to discard the first few drops of the sample does not appear to significantly affect results.  相似文献   

7.
Activated coagulation time, one stage prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were compared in warfarin-intoxicated dogs. All coagulation tests were significantly prolonged on the third and fourth days following intoxication. Coagulation assays of all dogs except one returned to preintoxication values one day following vitamin K therapy. Significant correlation was found between all coagulation tests in the intoxicated group. Activated coagulation time may provide a useful coagulation screening test to veterinarians with limited laboratory capabilities.  相似文献   

8.
Ten healthy dogs and 10 dogs with multicentric lymphoma were given a single dose of L-asparaginase at a rate of 10,000 IU/m2 of body surface. Assessment of concentrations of contributors to the coagulation process and of the ability to coagulate including antithrombin III, one-stage prothrombin time, prothrombin-proconvertin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, plasminogen, fibrinogen, and platelet number were performed prior to drug administration (day 0). These tests were repeated 24 hours (day 1), 48 hours (day 2), and 7 days after treatment with L-asparaginase. Antithrombin-III concentrations were significantly lower in the dogs with lymphoma than in healthy dogs on days 0, 1, 2, and 7; however, with the exception of day 1, mean values remained within normal limits. There was also a difference between the 2 groups in prothrombin/proconvertin values on day 7 and in platelet number on day 2, with the lymphoma group having significantly shorter prothrombin/proconvertin time than healthy dogs, and the difference in platelet numbers being associated with increased counts in the healthy dogs. Data obtained from the healthy dogs and dogs with lymphoma for each coagulation test were pooled for each treatment day (0, 1, 2, and 7), and day-0 values for each coagulation test were compared with data obtained on days 1, 2, and 7. Antithrombin-III concentration on day 7 was significantly lower than on day 0, prothrombin/proconvertin time on day 1 was significantly longer than on day 0, and fibrinogen concentrations on days 1 and 2 were significantly lower than on day 0.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

9.
BACKGROUND: Heparin treatment has been recommended for dogs in hypercoagulable states such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, however, potential benefits have to be balanced against the bleeding risk if overdosage occurs. A better understanding of the pharmacology of heparin and tests to monitor heparin therapy in dogs may help prevent therapeutic hazards. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 200 U/kg of sodium unfractionated heparin (UFH) on coagulation times in dogs after intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) administration and to compare these effects with plasma heparin concentrations assessed by its antifactor Xa (aXa) activity. METHODS: 200 U/kg of UFH were administered IV and SC to 5 healthy adult Beagle dogs with a washout period of at least 3 days. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and plasma aXa activity were determined in serial blood samples. RESULTS: After IV injection, PT remained unchanged except for a slight increase in 1 dog; APTT was not measurable (>60 seconds) for 45-90 minutes, and then decreased gradually to baseline values between 150 and 240 minutes. High plasma heparin concentrations were observed (maximal concentration = 4.64 +/-1.4 aXa U/mL) and decreased according to a slightly concave-convex pattern on a semilogarithmic curve, but returned to baseline slightly more slowly (t240-t300 minutes) than did APTT. After SC administration, APTT was moderately prolonged (by a ratio of 1.55 +/-0.28 APTT t0, range 1.35-2.01) between 1 and 4 hours after administration. Plasma aXa activity reached a maximum of 0.56 +/-0.20 aXa U/mL (range 0.42-0.9 U/mL) after 132 +/-26.8 minutes; this lasted for 102 +/-26.8 minutes. Prolongation of APTTs of 120-160% corresponded to plasma heparin concentrations of 0.3-0.7 aXa U/mL. CONCLUSIONS: As in humans, the pharmacokinetics of UFH in dogs was nonlinear. Administration of 200 U/kg of UFH SC in healthy dogs resulted in sustained plasma heparin concentrations in accordance with human recommendations for thrombosis treatment or prevention, without excessively increased bleeding risks. In these conditions, APTT can be used as a surrogate to assess plasma heparin concentrations. These findings need to be confirmed in diseased animals.  相似文献   

10.
The activated coagulation time (ACT) of whole blood was determined at 37C and at room temperature for 42 normal dogs and eight dogs with naturally–occurring or experimentally–induced coagulation defects.
Normal ACT values ranged from 64 to 95 seconds at 37C, and 83 to 129 seconds at room temperature. In abnormal dogs, ACT was increased on 14 of 17 occasions that a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was recorded: the ACT failed to detect an abnormality on three occasions the APTT was slightly increased. ACT determination at 37C correlated better with APTT than did ACT testing at room temperature.
The ACT test is simple, inexpensive and convenient. It is a useful screening test for intrinsic coagulation defects in the dog. It is suggested that the test be performed at 37C: at this temperature an ACT of 95 seconds or more in a dog warrants further investigation.  相似文献   

11.
ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare hemostatic variables and clinical bleeding following the administration of 6% hetastarch (600/0.75) or lactated Ringer’s solution (LRS) to dogs anesthetized for orthopedic surgery.Study designRandomized blinded prospective study.AnimalsFourteen, healthy adult mixed-breed hound dogs of either sex, aged 11–13 months, and weighing 20.8 ± 1.2 kg.MethodsThe dogs were randomly assigned to receive a 10 mL kg?1 intravenous (IV) bolus of either 6% hetastarch (600/0.75) or LRS over 20 minutes followed by a maintenance infusion of LRS (10 mL kg?1hour?1) during anesthesia. Before (Baseline) and at 1 and 24 hours after bolus administration, packed cell volume (PCV), total protein concentration (TP), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), von Willebrand’s factor antigen concentration (vWF:Ag), factor VIII coagulant activity (F VIII:C), platelet count, platelet aggregation, colloid osmotic pressure (COP) and buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) were measured. In addition a surgeon who was blinded to the treatments assessed bleeding from the incision site during the procedure and at 1 and 24 hours after the bolus administration.ResultsFollowing hetastarch or LRS administration, the PCV and TP decreased significantly 1-hour post-infusion. APTT did not change significantly compared to baseline in either treatment group, but the PT was significantly longer at 1-hour post-infusion than at 24 hours in both groups. No significant change was detected for vWF:Ag, FVIII:C, platelet aggregation or clinical bleeding in either group. The BMBT increased while platelet count decreased significantly at 1-hour post-infusion in both groups. The COP decreased significantly in both treatment groups 1-hour post-infusion but was significantly higher 1-hour post-infusion in the hetastarch group compared to the LRS group.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAt the doses administered, both hetastarch and LRS can alter hemostatic variables in healthy dogs. However, in these dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery, neither fluid was associated with increased clinical bleeding.  相似文献   

12.
Objective: To determine the effects of clodronate on vitamin D3‐induced hypercalcemia in dogs. Design: Prospective experimental study. Settings: University research laboratory. Animals: Fourteen healthy intact adult male and female mixed breed dogs. Interventions: Dogs received 7.5 mg of vitamin D3/kg of body weight once orally and were randomly assigned to 2 groups of 7 dogs each. Dogs in the saline control group were given intravenous infusions of 150 mL 0.9% NaCl solution 24 hours after vitamin D3 administration. Dogs in the clodronate group were given an infusion of 4 mg/kg of clodronate in 150 mL 0.9% NaCl solution 24 hours after vitamin D3 administration. Measurements and main results: Clinical signs of vitamin D3 toxicosis were evaluated 48 hours after ingestion of vitamin D3. Dogs that were given clodronate had significantly lower serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), urea, and Ca × P values than dogs in the control group on days 4, 7, and 12 after administration. Additionally, alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly lower in the clodronate group compared with dogs in the control group on days 4 and 7. Conclusions: Parenteral administration of clodronate, a biphosphonate compound and osteoclastic activity inhibitor, may be a useful therapy when administered within the first 24 hours after ingestion of toxic doses of vitamin D3.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of preoperative administration of carprofen on renal function and hemostasis in dogs undergoing general anesthesia for fracture repair. ANIMALS: 26 client-owned dogs. PROCEDURE: Anesthesia was induced with levomethadone, diazepam, and propofol and maintained by administration of isoflurane in oxygen-nitrous oxide. Carprofen (4 mg/kg, SC) was administered 1 hour before induction to 13 dogs (group 1) and after extubation to the other 13 dogs (group 2). All dogs also received carprofen (4 mg/kg, SC, q 24 h) for the first 4 days after surgery. Renal function (glomerular filtration rate [GFR], urinary protein-to-urinary creatinine ratio [UP:UC], and results of urinalysis and biochemical analysis of plasma), hemostatic variables (bleeding time, platelet aggregation, prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT], and platelet count), and Hct were assessed before and at various time points after surgery. RESULTS: Analysis of results for renal function tests, most of the hemostatic and plasma biochemical variables, and Hct did not reveal significant differences between treatment groups. Values for GFR, UP:UC, PT, APTT, and platelet aggregation were outside reference ranges in many dogs before surgery and during the first 6 hours after surgery. In most dogs, these trauma-induced pathologic changes returned to within reference ranges during the 4-day period after surgery. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Carprofen did not cause clinically relevant adverse effects in dogs anesthetized for fracture repair after 5 days of treatment, even when it was administered before surgery or given to patients with trauma-induced alterations in renal function or hemostasis.  相似文献   

14.
The present study was performed to determine normal values for the Medtronic HemoTec automated activated coagulation time (ACT) analyzer (Medtronic HemoTec Inc, Parker, CO, distributed in Switzerland by Convergenza AG, Vaduz, Liechtenstein), and to evaluate its ability to detect dogs with hemophilia. ACT was measured in 43 healthy dogs presented to the Companion Animal Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, with the Medtronic HemoTec ACT analyzer to determine normal values. The mean +/- 2 standard deviations (SDs) of the values obtained was defined as the normal range. ACT was measured 8-10 times on the same day in 6 dogs to determine repeatability. ACT also was measured in 11 dogs with hemophilia and compared with a conventional visual ACT measurement test and with the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). ACT values of the 43 dogs used to determine normal values ranged from 66.5 to 97.0 seconds (mean, 79.3 seconds; SD, 7.35 seconds; median, 78.5 seconds). A range of 64-95 seconds (mean +/- 2 SDs) was defined as the normal range for the tested device. Repeatability was poor (r = 0.256). ACT values measured with the automated device did not correlate with ACT values measured with a conventional visual test or with APTT Sensitivity of the test was 90.9%, specificity was 98.0%, and accuracy was 96.7%. Variability in the test results was large and may lead to incorrect results. The automated measurement device was not superior to the conventional visual method in evaluating dogs with hemophilia.  相似文献   

15.
Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding protein present in both colostrum and secondary granules of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). We hypothesized that supplemental LF enhances neutrophil function in neonatal calves. Newborn calves were assigned to receive colostrum (C), colostrum + LF (CLF, 1 g/kg), or milk replacer + LF (MRLF, 1 g/kg). Serum (LF and IgG) and whole blood (neutrophil isolation) samples were obtained prior to treatment (day 0) and at 24 hours and 9 days of age. Serum IgG concentrations (mean +/- SD) in C, CLF, and MRLF calves at 24 hours were 1,911 +/- 994 mg/dL, 2,181 +/- 625 mg/dL, and 0 mg/ dL, respectively. Serum LF concentrations in C, CLF, and MRLF calves on day 0 were 324 +/- 334 ng/mL (range 0-863 ng/mL), 135 +/- 158 ng/mL (range 0-429 ng/mL), and 318 +/- 337 ng/mL (range 0-964 ng/mL), respectively. LF concentrations in C, CLF, and MRLF calves at 24 hours were significantly higher (P < .05), at 1,564 +/- 1,114 ng/mL (range 335-3,628 ng/mL, 2,237 +/- 936 ng/mL (range 31-3,287 ng/mL), and 3,189 +/- 926 ng/mL (range 1,736-4,120 ng/mL), respectively. Cytochrome c reduction in opsonized zymosan-treated or phorbol ester-treated cells was not significantly affected by supplemental LF provided at birth. Oral LF is absorbed in calves but does not alter PMN superoxide production and does not alter IgG absorption.  相似文献   

16.
The buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and intraoperative bleeding score (IBS) of 38 dogs that underwent orthopaedic surgical procedures and received meloxicam orally and/or parenterally were measured. Fourteen of the dogs (group A) received a single subcutaneous dose of 0.2 mg/kg meloxicam at premedication, 18 dogs (group B) received 0.1 mg/kg meloxicam orally daily for five days followed by a single subcutaneous dose of 0.2 mg/kg meloxicam preoperatively, and six dogs (group C) received 0.5 ml of normal saline subcutaneously at premedication. No statistically significant differences among the groups were detected in relation to the mean (SD) values of BMBT, PT and IBS before and after the surgery, or in the values of APTT in group A. In group B there was a small but significant increase in APTT after the surgery, but all the measurements were within the normal range for dogs.  相似文献   

17.
This study investigated changes in the coagulation profile of 10 healthy female dogs subjected to ovariohysterectomy. Blood samples were collected three times--before, directly after and 24 h after surgery. Plasma samples were analyzed to determine thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen content, D-dimer content and antithrombin (AT) III activity. The results revealed post-operative haemostatic system disorders related to prolonged APTT, higher fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations and lower levels of AT III activity.  相似文献   

18.
AIM: To assess the benefit of inducing emesis in dogs that have ingested rodenticide bait containing brodifacoum (BDF), by determining the amount of BDF in bait recovered from the vomitus relative to the estimated amount consumed.

METHODS: Between 2014 and 2015 samples of vomitus from seven dogs that ingested rodenticide baits containing BDF were submitted by veterinarians in New Zealand. All seven dogs had been given apomorphine by the veterinarian and vomited within 1 hour of ingesting the bait. Some or all of the bait particles were retrieved from each sample and were analysed for concentrations of BDF using HPLC. Based on estimations of the mass of bait consumed, the concentration of BDF stated on the product label, and the estimated mass of bait in the vomitus of each dog, the amount of BDF in the vomited bait was calculated as a percentage of the amount ingested.

RESULTS: For five dogs an estimation of the mass of bait ingested was provided by the submitting veterinarian. For these dogs the estimated percentage of BDF in the bait retrieved from the vomitus was between 10–77%. All dogs were well after discharge but only one dog returned for further testing. This dog had a normal prothrombin time 3 days after ingestion.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The induction of emesis within 1 hour of ingestion can be a useful tool in reducing the exposure of dogs to a toxic dose of BDF. The BDF was not fully absorbed within 1 hour of ingestion suggesting that the early induction of emesis can remove bait containing BDF before it can be fully absorbed.  相似文献   


19.
An inappropriate blood-to-anticoagulant ratio can cause an artifactual prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT). In a drug safety study in dogs, we observed a 4-to 5-second increase in the APTT from baseline coincident with increased hematocrit values (56% to 65%) secondary to drug-induced vomiting and diarrhea. The PT and platelet counts were unchanged, and there was no clinical evidence of bleeding associated with venipuncture. Although we were unable to sample the same dogs to investigate the possible effect of hemoconcentration on the prolonged APTT, the question was addressed by an in vitro study. The hematocrit value for citrated blood samples collected from healthy beagle dogs was increased by the addition of aliquots of red blood cell/plasma mixtures in vitro while maintaining a 9:1 blood-to-anticoagulant ratio. There was a 2-to 4-second prolongation of the APTT associated with hematocrit values of 55% to 61 %, but the PT was not prolonged. Adjustment of the blood-to-anticoagulant ratio corrected the prolongation. This study emphasizes the important relationship of the blood-to-anticoagulant ratio when measuring coagulation tests in hemoconcentrated samples.  相似文献   

20.
We investigated changes in hemostatic function after infusion of 6% dextran 70 (high molecular weight dextran) at 2 rates. Six healthy dogs underwent 3 regimens: 20 ml of dextran/kg of body weight administered in 1 hour (trial A), 20 ml of dextran/kg administered in 30 minutes (trial B), and 0.9% sodium chloride solution as a control administered over 1 hour to achieve hemodilution equivalent to that for 20 ml of dextran/kg (trial C). Before and at 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after the start of trials A and B, we measured PCV, total solids (TS) concentration, amount of von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf:Ag), factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C), prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), platelet retention in a glass bead column, and buccal mucosa bleeding time (BMBT). Values were not obtained at 8 and 24 hours for trial C. Saline-induced changes in hemostasis were significant (P less than 0.05) from baseline throughout the sample collection period. Significant differences (P less than 0.05) between trial A and control were observed for vWf:Ag, VIII:C, BMBT, APTT, TS, and PCV values at 2 hours, and for VIII:C at 4 hours. Significant differences (P less than 0.05) between trial B and control were observed for APTT, TS, and PCV values at 2 hours, and for vWf:Ag, VIII:C, BMBT, APTT, TS, and PCV values at 4 hours. During trials A and B, mean values of analytes infrequently deviated from reference intervals, and clinical signs of bleeding were not observed in any dog.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

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