共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Akt-mediated phosphorylation of EZH2 suppresses methylation of lysine 27 in histone H3 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cha TL Zhou BP Xia W Wu Y Yang CC Chen CT Ping B Otte AP Hung MC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5746):306-310
Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a methyltransferase that plays an important role in many biological processes through its ability to trimethylate lysine 27 in histone H3. Here, we show that Akt phosphorylates EZH2 at serine 21 and suppresses its methyltransferase activity by impeding EZH2 binding to histone H3, which results in a decrease of lysine 27 trimethylation and derepression of silenced genes. Our results imply that Akt regulates the methylation activity, through phosphorylation of EZH2, which may contribute to oncogenesis. 相似文献
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Gendrel AV Lippman Z Yordan C Colot V Martienssen RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5588):1871-1873
The Arabidopsis gene DDM1 is required to maintain DNA methylation levels and is responsible for transposon and transgene silencing. However, rather than encoding a DNA methyltransferase, DDM1 has similarity to the SWI/SNF family of adenosine triphosphate-dependent chromatin remodeling genes, suggesting an indirect role in DNA methylation. Here we show that DDM1 is also required to maintain histone H3 methylation patterns. In wild-type heterochromatin, transposons and silent genes are associated with histone H3 methylated at lysine 9, whereas known genes are preferentially associated with methylated lysine 4. In ddm1 heterochromatin, DNA methylation is lost, and methylation of lysine 9 is largely replaced by methylation of lysine 4. Because DNA methylation has recently been shown to depend on histone H3 lysine 9 methylation, our results suggest that transposon methylation may be guided by histone H3 methylation in plant genomes. This would account for the epigenetic inheritance of hypomethylated DNA once histone H3 methylation patterns are altered. 相似文献
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JMJD6 is a histone arginine demethylase 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Arginine methylation occurs on a number of proteins involved in a variety of cellular functions. Histone tails are known to be mono- and dimethylated on multiple arginine residues where they influence chromatin remodeling and gene expression. To date, no enzyme has been shown to reverse these regulatory modifications. We demonstrate that the Jumonji domain-containing 6 protein (JMJD6) is a JmjC-containing iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that demethylates histone H3 at arginine 2 (H3R2) and histone H4 at arginine 3 (H4R3) in both biochemical and cell-based assays. These findings may help explain the many developmental defects observed in the JMJD6(-/-) knockout mice. 相似文献
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The assembly of higher order chromatin structures has been linked to the covalent modifications of histone tails. We provide in vivo evidence that lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3 Lys9) is preferentially methylated by the Clr4 protein at heterochromatin-associated regions in fission yeast. Both the conserved chromo- and SET domains of Clr4 are required for H3 Lys9 methylation in vivo. Localization of Swi6, a homolog of Drosophila HP1, to heterochomatic regions is dependent on H3 Lys9 methylation. Moreover, an H3-specific deacetylase Clr3 and a beta-propeller domain protein Rik1 are required for H3 Lys9 methylation by Clr4 and Swi6 localization. These data define a conserved pathway wherein sequential histone modifications establish a "histone code" essential for the epigenetic inheritance of heterochromatin assembly. 相似文献
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组蛋白翻译后修饰包括乙酰化、磷酸化、甲基化、泛素化和糖基化等。其中,组蛋白泛素化可能与基因的转录调控、异染色质的基因沉默、DNA修复等有关。笔者介绍了组蛋白H2B的泛素化机制及其意义。 相似文献
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供体细胞的同步化处理可能改变其表观遗传特性,进而影响胚胎的克隆效率。研究同步化处理对小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞(mouse embryonicf ibroblasts,MEFs)组蛋白H3K9甲基化、乙酰化及组蛋白H3K4单甲基化、三甲基化表达的影响。分离培养MEFs,增殖稳定的第3代MEFs分别用5mL/L血清饥饿处理4d或15mL/LDM-SO处理2d使细胞处于增殖抑制期,通过免疫组化染色和Image-J图像处理软件,相对定量比较不同处理情况下组蛋白H3K9甲基化、乙酰化和组蛋白H3K4单甲基化、三甲基化变化情况。Ki-67染色检测结果表明,两种同步化处理可使细胞处于G0期或G1期。DMSO处理使MEFs组蛋白H3K9乙酰化表达水平升高,而5mL/L血清饥饿处理则使其表达水平下降;此外,两种同步化处理均导致组蛋白H3K9甲基化和H3K4单甲基化表达下降,但不影响组蛋白H3K4三甲基化的表达水平。研究结论表明:同步化处理可改变MEFs组蛋白乙酰化和甲基化表达水平,进而有可能影响胚胎克隆效率。 相似文献
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Biological responses to histone methylation critically depend on the faithful readout and transduction of the methyl-lysine signal by "effector" proteins, yet our understanding of methyl-lysine recognition has so far been limited to the study of histone binding by chromodomain and WD40-repeat proteins. The double tudor domain of JMJD2A, a Jmjc domain-containing histone demethylase, binds methylated histone H3-K4 and H4-K20. We found that the double tudor domain has an interdigitated structure, and the unusual fold is required for its ability to bind methylated histone tails. The cocrystal structure of the JMJD2A double tudor domain with a trimethylated H3-K4 peptide reveals that the trimethyl-K4 is bound in a cage of three aromatic residues, two of which are from the tudor-2 motif, whereas the binding specificity is determined by side-chain interactions involving amino acids from the tudor-1 motif. Our study provides mechanistic insights into recognition of methylated histone tails by tudor domains and reveals the structural intricacy of methyl-lysine recognition by two closely spaced effector domains. 相似文献
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从DNA甲基化修饰、组蛋白甲基化和乙酰化修饰、基因印记和RNA干扰等几个方面,综述了表观遗传学的基本机制及其对哺乳动物生殖细胞发育分化的影响。表观遗传学对于动物机体生长、代谢及功能的正常维持具有重要作用,其中任何方面的异常都会导致体细胞和生殖细胞的生长分化调控失常,甚至引发疾病。 相似文献
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DNA甲基化是表观遗传修饰的重要形式之一,植物DNA甲基化及其引起的转基因沉默现象的研究对植物基因工程领域的发展有着举足轻重的作用。介绍了植物DNA甲基化作用机理及其过程中至关重要的3种胞嘧啶甲基转移酶：MET1甲基转移酶家族、染色质甲基化酶（CMT）和结构域重排甲基转移酶（DRM）,并阐述了植物DNA甲基化的相关机制,包括RNA介导的DNA甲基化（RdMD）、组蛋白修饰与DNA甲基化和DNA去甲基化。通过分析植物转基因沉默现象与DNA甲基化的关系,提出了克服由DNA甲基化引起的转基因沉默的相关对策。 相似文献
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Acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56 (H3-K56) occurs in S phase, and cells lacking H3-K56 acetylation are sensitive to DNA-damaging agents. However, the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that catalyzes global H3-K56 acetylation has not been found. Here we show that regulation of Ty1 transposition gene product 109 (Rtt109) is an H3-K56 HAT. Cells lacking Rtt109 or expressing rtt109 mutants with alterations at a conserved aspartate residue lose H3-K56 acetylation and exhibit increased sensitivity toward genotoxic agents, as well as elevated levels of spontaneous chromosome breaks. Thus, Rtt109, which shares no sequence homology with any other known HATs, is a unique HAT that acetylates H3-K56. 相似文献
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Hall IM Shankaranarayana GD Noma K Ayoub N Cohen A Grewal SI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5590):2232-2237
The higher-order assembly of chromatin imposes structural organization on the genetic information of eukaryotes and is thought to be largely determined by posttranslational modification of histone tails. Here, we study a 20-kilobase silent domain at the mating-type region of fission yeast as a model for heterochromatin formation. We find that, although histone H3 methylated at lysine 9 (H3 Lys9) directly recruits heterochromatin protein Swi6/HP1, the critical determinant for H3 Lys9 methylation to spread in cis and to be inherited through mitosis and meiosis is Swi6 itself. We demonstrate that a centromere-homologous repeat (cenH) present at the silent mating-type region is sufficient for heterochromatin formation at an ectopic site, and that its repressive capacity is mediated by components of the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery. Moreover, cenH and the RNAi machinery cooperate to nucleate heterochromatin assembly at the endogenous mat locus but are dispensable for its subsequent inheritance. This work defines sequential requirements for the initiation and propagation of regional heterochromatic domains. 相似文献
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Genetic analysis of histone H4: essential role of lysines subject to reversible acetylation 总被引：44，自引：0，他引：44
The nucleosome is the fundamental unit of assembly of the chromosome and reversible modifications of the histones have been suggested to be important in many aspects of nucleosome function. The structure-function relations of the amino-terminal domain of yeast histone H4 were examined by the creation of directed point mutations. The four lysines subject to reversible acetylation were essential for histone function as the substitution of arginine or asparagine at these four positions was lethal. No single lysine residue was completely essential since arginine substitutions at each position were viable, although several of these mutants were slower in completing DNA replication. The simultaneous substitution of glutamine for the four lysine residues was viable but conferred several phenotypes including mating sterility, slow progression through the G2/M period of the division cycle, and temperature-sensitive growth, as well as a prolonged period of DNA replication. These results provide genetic proof for the roles of the H4 amino-terminal domain lysines in gene expression, replication, and nuclear division. 相似文献
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The conserved histone variant H2AZ has an important role in the regulation of gene expression and the establishment of a buffer to the spread of silent heterochromatin. How histone variants such as H2AZ are incorporated into nucleosomes has been obscure. We have found that Swr1, a Swi2/Snf2-related adenosine triphosphatase, is the catalytic core of a multisubunit, histone-variant exchanger that efficiently replaces conventional histone H2A with histone H2AZ in nucleosome arrays. Swr1 is required for the deposition of histone H2AZ at specific chromosome locations in vivo, and Swr1 and H2AZ commonly regulate a subset of yeast genes. These findings define a previously unknown role for the adenosine triphosphate-dependent chromatin remodeling machinery. 相似文献
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Role of histone H3 lysine 27 methylation in X inactivation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Plath K Fang J Mlynarczyk-Evans SK Cao R Worringer KA Wang H de la Cruz CC Otte AP Panning B Zhang Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5616):131-135
The Polycomb group (PcG) protein Eed is implicated in regulation of imprinted X-chromosome inactivation in extraembryonic cells but not of random X inactivation in embryonic cells. The Drosophila homolog of the Eed-Ezh2 PcG protein complex achieves gene silencing through methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3-K27), which suggests a role for H3-K27 methylation in imprinted X inactivation. Here we demonstrate that transient recruitment of the Eed-Ezh2 complex to the inactive X chromosome (Xi) occurs during initiation of X inactivation in both extraembryonic and embryonic cells and is accompanied by H3-K27 methylation. Recruitment of the complex and methylation on the Xi depend on Xist RNA but are independent of its silencing function. Together, our results suggest a role for Eed-Ezh2-mediated H3-K27 methylation during initiation of both imprinted and random X inactivation and demonstrate that H3-K27 methylation is not sufficient for silencing of the Xi. 相似文献
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Cao R Wang L Wang H Xia L Erdjument-Bromage H Tempst P Jones RS Zhang Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5595):1039-1043
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins play important roles in maintaining the silent state of HOX genes. Recent studies have implicated histone methylation in long-term gene silencing. However, a connection between PcG-mediated gene silencing and histone methylation has not been established. Here we report the purification and characterization of an EED-EZH2 complex, the human counterpart of the Drosophila ESC-E(Z) complex. We demonstrate that the complex specifically methylates nucleosomal histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3-K27). Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we show that H3-K27 methylation colocalizes with, and is dependent on, E(Z) binding at an Ultrabithorax (Ubx) Polycomb response element (PRE), and that this methylation correlates with Ubx repression. Methylation on H3-K27 facilitates binding of Polycomb (PC), a component of the PRC1 complex, to histone H3 amino-terminal tail. Thus, these studies establish a link between histone methylation and PcG-mediated gene silencing. 相似文献