共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
土壤水分胁迫对红砂幼苗细根形态和功能特征的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过盆栽人工模拟干旱试验,研究了土壤水分胁迫对红砂幼苗细根形态及功能的影响。结果表明:(1)随胁迫程度的加剧红砂幼苗细根直径和体积呈减小趋势,而根长、比根长、表面积、比表面积均呈增大趋势,表明在胁迫条件下,红砂幼苗细根可通过根长、比根长、表面积、比表面积的增加与直径和体积的减小来适应逆境胁迫。随根序的升高红砂幼苗细根直径呈增大趋势,而根长和比根长表现出减小趋势,比表面积呈先升高后降低的趋势。(2)随胁迫程度的加剧红砂幼苗细根全C含量呈降低趋势,而全N含量先呈明显的降低趋势,后呈升高趋势,表明在中度胁迫下红砂幼苗细根呼吸作用明显降低。随根序的升高红砂幼苗细根全C含量呈增加趋势,而全N含量呈下降趋势,表明红砂幼苗较低级根序具有较强的呼吸作用与代谢活性。(3)红砂幼苗细根根长与全C含量之间呈极显著正相关关系;直径与全C含量之间呈显著正相关关系;比根长与C含量呈显著负相关关系。 相似文献
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植物生长及养分利用特征可揭示半干旱区植物对多变水肥环境条件的适应策略。在白羊草分蘖期设置2个供水条件(正常供水和干旱胁迫21天后复水)和2个磷添加水平(复水当日1 kg干土添加0,0.2 g P_2O_5),2周后测定其根冠生物量、根系形态以及氮磷含量。结果表明,旱后复水条件下,磷添加后白羊草根冠生物量、总生物量和根冠比无显著变化,总根长和根表面积显著增加27.1%和24.1%,比根长和比根面积分别显著增加18.3%和15.9%,根系平均直径显著降低1.3%;白羊草地上部、根系和整株磷含量分别显著增加61.1%,35.8%和49.6%,磷累积量分别显著增加68.6%,52.0%和61.3%,氮磷比显著降低。除地上部氮累积量外,各水分和磷处理下白羊草地上部、根系和整株氮磷累积量与总根长和根表面积呈显著正相关关系。本研究表明,根长和根表面积增加是白羊草响应水肥环境条件改善的主要策略。 相似文献
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[目的]揭示祁连山青海云杉中龄林细根分布与土壤环境的互作关系,明晰不同混交度下土壤养分对细根发育的贡献因子,为祁连山天然林抚育经营提供理论依据。[方法]采用根钻法对混交度为0,0.2,0.4,0.6的青海云杉中龄林进行细根取样,揭示不同土层细根形态特征,剖析了与土壤理化性质的关系。[结果]细根生物量集中分布在0—20 cm土层,0—20 cm的土层细根生物量密度、根长密度、根表面积密度、比根长、比表面积显著高于20—40 cm土层(p<0.05),混交度0.4的林分各土层细根形态指标最大。4种混交度林分各土层中全氮含量、全磷含量、速效钾含量、有机质含量随土层深度的增加呈降低趋势,且各土层均以混交度0.4为最高。细根的总生物量密度、根长密度、根表面积密度、比根长、比表面积与0—40 cm土层中土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷、有机质、速效钾含量呈正相关,与全钾呈负相关关系。[结论]细根生物量密度变化主要受土壤全氮含量的影响,混交度0.4的青海云杉中龄林有较强的细根贡献和较好土壤肥力,更有利于群落稳定效益的发挥。 相似文献
4.
施氮对大豆根系形态和氮素吸收积累的影响 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
采用框栽试验方法研究了不同施氮水平对大豆根系形态和氮素吸收积累的影响,结果表明:不同施氮水平对大豆植株生物量、氮素吸收积累量及根系形态有显著影响,随施氮量增加,植株干重、氮素积累量、单株产量等均呈先增加后降低趋势,其中以N100[100 kg(N)·hm-2]处理效果最佳,总体表现为N100>N200>N50>N25>N0.无N(NO)和适量偏低的氮(N25、N50)增加了大豆的根冠比,但过多的氮(N200)反而降低了大豆的根冠比,说明低氮胁迫促进了大豆根系的生长.大豆根长、根表面积和根体积随施氮量的增加表现为先降后增而后又降低的规律,不施氮(N0)情况下,根长、根表面积和根体积均高于低氮处理(N25、N50),之后随施氮量增加而增加,当超过一定施氮量(N200)时又呈降低趋势.不同生育时期植株生物量、氮素积累、根长、根表面积和根体积等表现为花期>苗期>鼓粒期.因此施用一定量氮肥对大豆植株生物量、氮素积累以及根系形态等产生显著影响,进而影响大豆氮素转运量和转运效率,最终影响大豆籽粒产量和品质. 相似文献
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黄土丘陵区油松人工林和白桦天然林细根垂直分布及其与土壤养分的关系 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在黄土高原子午岭林区,对油松人工林、白桦天然林细根生物量、比根长、根长密度和细根表面积的垂直分布特征,以及这些根系指标与土壤水分、土壤容重、氮素和有机质的关系进行了研究。结果表明,油松人工林细根生物量随土壤深度增加呈单峰曲线,白桦林细根生物量随土壤深度增加呈减少趋势;油松林大部分根系生物量集中分布在040.cm土层中,其中020.cm土层占37%以上,2040.cm集中了41%以上;表层土壤(020.cm)具有较高的比根长、根长密度和细根表面积,而底层(4060.cm)的比根长、根长密度和细根表面积最低。油松林土壤全氮和有机质含量垂直变化趋势相似,随土壤深度的增加而降低;硝态氮(NO3--N)均随土壤深度的增加呈单峰曲线变化趋势,而铵态氮(NH4+-N)随土壤深度增加呈先降低后增加的抛物线趋势。白桦林75%的细根生物量集中在020.cm土层,比根长、根长密度和细根表面积的垂直分布规律与油松林相似,表层土壤白桦林细根表面积是油松人工林的3.91倍,而2040.cm土层白桦林细根表面积比油松人工林降低了33%。白桦林土壤全氮、有机质含量、NO3--N和NH4+-N垂直变化趋势与油松林相似。土壤水分、容重、全氮和有机质对油松和白桦细根分布的影响明显大于NH4+-N和NO3--N。白桦林表层土壤有机质含量与细根生物量的相关性达到显著水平(r=0.99,P0.05),白桦林表层土壤有机质含量与比根长和根长密度的相关性(分别为r=0.91,r=0.8)低于油松林(分别为r=0.95,r=0.94)。油松和白桦林040.cm土层细根表面积与土壤全氮相关性随土壤深度增加而下降,比根长和根长密度与土壤全氮相关性随土壤深度增加而增大。油松和白桦林2060.cm土层细根生物量、细根表面积和根长密度随有机质含量的减少而增加,而比根长呈相反的变化规律。 相似文献
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野生大豆根系形态对局部磷供应的响应及其对磷吸收的贡献 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
通过土柱试验模拟局部供磷,定量评价了磷局部供应对野生大豆根系形态参数的影响以及这些根形态参数对植株磷吸收的贡献.磷局部供应明显改变了野生大豆的根形态,使总根长增加了80.5％,比根长增加了32.6％,根表面积扩大了70.7％,根直径减小了27.6％,植株对磷的吸收增加了43.2％,地上干重增加了72.0％;在所有的根形态参数中,总根长、根表面积和比根长对野生大豆植株磷吸收具有较大贡献,其中尤以比根长对植株磷吸收贡献最大,即在根长增加的同时,根直径减小能够明显提高野大豆根系对磷的吸收.结果表明,野生大豆对局部磷供应表现出高度的根系形态可塑性,通过局部养分供应优化根系空间分布和定向调控根系生长能显著提高植物对异质性土壤磷资源的获取能力. 相似文献
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8.
碳对微生物–根系介导的蔬菜作物磷吸收的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
9.
不同磷供应水平下小麦根系形态及根际过程的变化特征 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
以石麦15和衡观35两个品种小麦为试验材料,应用根袋栽培方式,研究了不同施磷量对小麦根系形态和根际特征的影响。结果表明,与施磷量P2O5 0.1 g/kg相比,高量供磷（P2O5 0.3 g/kg）条件下石麦15地上部生物量和磷累积量增加幅度大于衡观35;但不施磷处理衡观35地上部生物量降低幅度小于石麦15,磷含量和累积量高于石麦15,衡观35耐低磷能力较强。土壤供磷不足时,衡观35总根长中直径0.16 mm细根所占比例高于石麦15,根系平均直径较小;而高磷供应下,石麦15根系中直径0.16 mm细根长度较长,在总根长中所占比例较高。总根长和直径0.16 mm的细根长度与植株地上部磷累积量之间呈显著正相关关系。总根长越长尤其是细根越多,有利于促进植株对磷的吸收。与非根际土壤相比,高磷供应下根际土壤有机磷含量增加,微生物量磷含量降低;而供磷不足时根际土壤碱性磷酸酶活性较高,有机磷含量较低。与施磷量P2O5 0.1 g/kg相比,高量供磷下根际土壤pH值升高、碱性磷酸酶活性下降,不施磷处理根际土壤pH值降低。本研究表明,供磷不足时,小麦根系形态和根际过程均发生适应性变化,而高量供磷条件下,小麦植株根系形态的改变因品种而异。 相似文献
10.
不同养分配比对高粱根系生长及养分吸收的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探明高粱养分吸收和根系生长对氮、磷、钾胁迫的响应,通过长期定位试验,在高粱/玉米轮作条件下研究了不同养分配比NPK、PK、NK、NP、CK对高粱根系生长及养分吸收的影响。结果表明:与NPK相比,长期不施氮肥(PK)条件下高粱总根长增加18.29%,总根体积降低26.52%,且根系主要分布在0~10 cm土层,直径小于0.5 mm细根所占比例显著增加。不施磷肥(NK)显著抑制了高粱根系生长,总根长、总根表面积和总根体积分别降低24.03%、27.48%和41.29%。不施钾肥(NP)对细根生长有明显抑制作用。不施氮、磷、钾均降低高粱对相应养分的吸收和累积,不施氮促进了营养器官中氮和钾素向籽粒转运,不施磷或钾肥抑制了氮、磷及钾的转运。高粱对养分的吸收、积累和转运与根系形态有关,不同养分积累与运转与根系形态关系表现不尽相同:氮素、钾素积累和转运与根系形态具有较好的相关性,氮素的积累和转运与植株生物量和产量的相关性大于磷素和钾素。综上,高粱根系形态及养分吸收对氮、磷及钾胁迫响应不同,该研究可为不同养分瘠薄地高粱高效栽培提供理论依据。 相似文献
11.
Jian Jin Xiaobing Liu Guanghua Wang Xueli Chen Zhenhua Yu S. J. Herbert 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1578-1589
Root growth systems are hierarchical and sensitive to nutrient availability in soil. Lateral roots are an important component of plant root morphology. Phosphorus (P) availability regulates root branching in plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana, barley (Hordeum vulgare), and rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, little information is available for soybean (Glycine max L.). A pot experiment was conducted to determine the morphological characteristics of lateral roots of different orders and P acquirement of soybean seedlings under three levels of applied P of 0, 50 and 100 mg P kg?1 soil. Root length, an important parameter of root characteristics, differed in four orders. Lateral roots in the second and third order contributed 39.4 and 34.2% of total root length, respectively. Moreover, since most of lateral roots were fine roots (roots having a diameter 0.5 mm), fine roots had a frequency distribution of 58.5 to 61.4% in the second and third orders. Phosphorus application significantly increased dry weight, total length and number of lateral roots in the four orders with the ranking of fourth > third > second > first (P ≤ 0.05), but did not affect the average length of a lateral root. Phosphorus application reduced the frequency distribution of fine lateral roots in the first and second orders, while increased in the third and fourth orders (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with the medium P application (50 mg P kg?1 soil), the high P application (100 mg P kg?1 soil) inhibited lateral root growth with decreases in root dry weight, root length and root number at all orders. Phosphorus concentration and content increased with the increase in P application. The correlation between characteristics of lateral root and P status in the plants varied among root orders. The length of lateral roots from first to third order had a positive correlation with P concentration in root and shoot, and had a good relationship with P content. Lateral root numbers at the second, third and fourth orders were significantly correlated with P content while no correlation was found with the average length of a lateral root. It is proposed that the main effect of P application appears to be on the lateral root initiation rather than on lateral root elongation, and P favors the lateral root formation of the higher orders. The total length and number of lateral root at the second and third orders play a more important role in P content than those at other lateral root orders. 相似文献
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Ai Zhan Jianliang Liu Shanchao Yue Xinping Chen Shiqing Li Alexander Bucksch 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(5):751-762
Root architecture and anatomy are important determinants of nitrogen (N) and water acquisition, but they are also environmentally plastic to adapt to N and water availability. Therefore, understanding the relationship between root traits and environmental factors is essential for improving N and water acquisition. A field experiment was conducted in the semi‐arid region of the Loess Plateau in northwestern China to quantify the architectural and anatomical root traits of maize (Zea mays L.) in response to plastic film mulching and N fertilization. We compared four treatments: non‐mulching with and without N supply as well as plastic film mulching with and without N supply. Variation existed for all root architecture and anatomy traits within maize root crowns. Crown and brace root angles to the soil line decreased in response to film mulching and N fertilization. Crown roots under plastic film mulching showed a significantly decreased distance to branching, reduced lateral root length, and overall increased root diameter. Similarly, N application significantly decreased the distance to branching, yet induced more compact and denser crown roots, and increased the root diameter. Brace roots exhibited an increased distance to branching, greater lateral root length and density, as well as a larger root diameter in response to plastic film mulching and N fertilization. Additionally, the accumulated number of nodal roots increased greatly under plastic film mulching and N treatments. At the anatomical level, N application reduced the proportion of the root cortical aerenchyma area. In contrast, aerenchyma area, cortex cell size, and late metaxylem vessel diameter were increased as a result of plastic film mulching. These results demonstrate root architectural and anatomical traits respond to mulching practices and N fertilization. 相似文献
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微根管法监测膜下滴灌棉花根系生长动态 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了精细监测膜下滴灌条件下棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)细根生长形态,于2014年在巴州灌溉试验站开展大田试验,采用微根管法原位监测棉花根系生长,并与传统网格法作对比。分析棉花根系生长动态,构建微根管法测定的形态参数与网格法所测定形态参数的回归模型。结果表明:花期到吐絮期,利用微根管监测10~20 cm处根系生长得到的棉花根长更新速率为1.844 mm/d,期间棉花老根不断死亡和分解。微根管法与网格法测得的根系深度为50 cm,根长密度随着深度增加先增大后减少,根长密度在20~30 cm处最大。两种方法监测得的根长密度具有较好的线性相关,由微根管法测得的剖面根长密度,可通过线性回归方程换算得到实际的体积根长密度。利用微根管法能可靠地监测棉花根系的生长动态变化,今后的研究可进一步加大微根管监测范围和频率,精细监测细根生长全过程,通过构建根系生长模型分析膜下滴灌条件下棉花根系生长时空动态。 相似文献
14.
The mechanisms of low cadmium (Cd) accumulation in sweet potato cultivars are obscure. In this study, seedlings of a low-Cd (Nan88, N88) and a high-Cd cultivar (Xiang 16, X16) were grown in Hoagland’s solution containing Cd concentrations of 0 (control), 1 (Cd1), and 10 µM (Cd10) for 20 days. We analyzed the Cd accumulation, root morphology and low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) excreted by the root tips (RTs). The total root length (RL) and specific root length (SRL) in X16 were greater than those in N88 following Cd treatments. In the Cd1 treatment, RL and surface area for root diameter was ≤0.2 mm, and RTs in X16 were also greater than those in N88. LMWOAs excreted from the RTs initially increased and then decreased as Cd concentration increased. The RTs of N88 were more efficient at excreting organic acids than were those of X16. The low-Cd cultivar with lower RL and SRL displayed greater ability to excrete organic acids in Cd treatments, which can decrease Cd translocation from roots to shoots. Furthermore, root morphology and some LMWOAs released from the root tips played an important role in the differing rates of Cd accumulation in the two sweet potato cultivars. 相似文献
15.
水培燕麦根系形态和氮吸收流量对硝态氮供应浓度的响应 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】苗期根系的形态结构与作物的养分吸收和抗倒伏性密切相关,对燕麦如何合理施肥以达到最大的增产效果,需要对不同燕麦品种的氮吸收利用效率做出评价。【方法】本研究以3个不同燕麦栽培品种(坝莜9号、 坝莜3号和200215)为材料,分析了低、 中、 高NO-3-N浓度下(NO-3浓度为1、3、6 mmol/L)根系生长以及NO-3吸收流量的变化。将燕麦种子萌发至一片真叶展开时,每个品种挑选长势一致的10株幼苗放入含不同NO-3浓度的Hoaglands培养液中培养,培养3周后选取长势基本一致的幼苗,采用非损伤微测技术测定根系NO-3流量并利用根系图像分析系统WinRhizo分析根系形态指标。【结果】NO-3-N浓度对不同燕麦品种节根数影响不显著,对侧根密度、 总根长、 根系平均直径和不同直径范围内根系长度分布均有显著影响; NO-3-N浓度的变化对坝莜3号根系吸氮量有显著影响,对坝莜9号和200215根系吸氮量的影响不显著; 根系NO-3吸收流量的动态变化与侧根数量变化有一致性; NO-3平均吸收流量与总根长、 平均直径及根系平均直径≤0.16 mm的细根在根系中所占比例的变化一致。【结论】不同NO-3-N供应浓度主要影响燕麦苗期侧根(直径≤0.16 mm的细根)的形成和生长,对根系NO-3吸收流量的影响因品种而异; 根系NO-3吸收流量的变化主要受总根长、 根系平均直径及细根在根系中所占比例的影响。 相似文献
16.
The plant root system is an important organ which supplies water and nutrients to growing plants. Information is limited on influence of nitrogen fertilization on upland rice root growth. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate influence of nitrogen (N) fertilization on growth of root system of 20 upland rice genotypes. The N rate used was 0 mg kg?1(low) and 300 mg kg?1(high) of soil. Nitrogen X genotype interactions for root length and root dry weight were highly significant (P < 0.01), indicating that differences among genotypes were not consistent at two N rates. Overall, greater root length, root dry weight and tops-roots ration were obtained at an N fertilization rate of 300 mg kg?1compared with the 0 mg N kg?1soil. However, genotypes differ significantly in root length, root dry weight and top-root ratio. Nitrogen fertilization produced fine roots and more root hairs compared with absence of N fertilizer treatment. Based on root dry weight efficiency index (RDWEI) for N use efficiency, 70% genotypes were classified as efficient, 15% were classified as moderately efficient and 15% were classified as inefficient. Root dry weight efficiency index trait can be incorporated in upland rice for improving water and nutrient efficiency in favor of higher yields. 相似文献
17.
The availability of nitrogen (N) contained in crop residues for a following crop may vary with cultivar, depending on root traits and the interaction between roots and soil. We used a pot experiment to investigate the effects of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (three old varieties introduced before mid last century and three modern varieties) and N fertilization on the ability of wheat to acquire N from maize (Zea mays L.) straw added to soil. Wheat was grown in a soil where 15N‐labeled maize straw had been incorporated with or without N fertilization. Higher grain yield in three modern and one old cultivar was ascribed to preferred allocation of photosynthate to aboveground plant parts and from vegetative organs to grains. Root biomass, root length density and root surface area were all smaller in modern than in old cultivars at both anthesis and maturity. Root mean diameter was generally similar between modern and old cultivars at anthesis but was greater in modern than in old cultivars at maturity. There were cultivar differences in N uptake from incorporated maize straw and the other N sources (soil and fertilizer). However, these differences were not related to variation in the measured root parameters among the six cultivars. At anthesis, total N uptake efficiencies by roots (total N uptake per root weight or root length) were greater in modern than in old cultivars within each fertilization level. At maturity, averaged over fertilization levels, the total N uptake efficiencies by roots were 292?336 mg N g?1 roots or 3.2?4.0 mg N m?1 roots for three modern cultivars, in contrast to 132?213 mg N g?1 roots or 0.93?1.6 mg N m?1 roots for three old cultivars. Fertilization enhanced the utilization of N from maize straw by all cultivars, but root N uptake efficiencies were less affected. We concluded that modern spring wheat cultivars had higher root N uptake efficiency than old cultivars. 相似文献
18.
Chonghui Fang Keyou Zhou Yongwang Zhang Mingyu Han 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(11):1538-1546
This study examined the effect of root pruning (RP) and nitrogen fertilization (NF) alone or in combination (RP-NF) on growth properties of 3-year-old ‘Fuji’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees. The results of pot experiments showed that the trees were sensitive to RP and NF alone or in combination in terms of root architecture, leaf photosynthesis, and canopy growth. Compared with the control, NF and RP-NF increased root length density and tips, while RP and RP-NF decreased root surface area and volume. RP alone reduced coarse root length (2.0–4.0 and >4.0 mm diameter), while RP-NF simultaneously increased fine root length (≤1.0 mm diameter) and reduced coarse root length. Moreover, RP increased leaf chlorophyll content and transpiration rate, while RP-NF increased net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency. RP-NF resulted in no differences in dry matter weight, root-shoot ratio, or leaf area compared with the control. Inhibiting vegetative growth by RP-NF provided an effective way to improve water use efficiency of young apple trees. 相似文献