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1.
: Changes in legislation that facilitate movement of companion animals within the European Union will expose those animals to microbial and parasitic organisms currently exotic to Ireland. This paper reviewed information on the exotic diseases most likely to be introduced to Ireland by travelling dogs and cats: rabies, leishmaniosis, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis and dirofilariosis. 相似文献
2.
Intracranial tumours occur relatively frequently in dogs, and less commonly in cats. With the availability of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging, more accurate determination of the location and extent of brain tumours in companion animals has become possible. Following these advances in imaging, precise CT-guided stereotactic techniques for both tumour biopsy and intratumoral drug delivery have been developed for use in cats and dogs. Also, tumour identification methods, such as crush preparation examination, have facilitated rapid tumour identification. The use of improved diagnostic techniques has resulted in an increasing demand for effective therapies for brain tumours. While surgical removal and irradiation remain important treatment considerations in the management of brain tumours of cats and dogs, the development of gene therapy strategies for treatment of intracranial tumours offers much promise, although research in this area is still at an early stage. 相似文献
3.
Rance K Sellon 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2003,33(4):677-693
The era of diagnostic molecular biology has arrived for small animal clinicians, and it is a near certainty that assays such as the PCR and RT-PCR will become more widely available for a wider array of infectious agents. Already there is an extensive list of infectious diseases of dogs and cats that have been investigated with molecular tools. A partial list is included in box 1. An understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of the molecular techniques and some of the questions these techniques can answer for clinicians can serve practitioners well in their approach to the diagnosis of infectious diseases in dogs and cats. It is likely that additional applications of these tools to small animal medicine will become apparent as investigators use and refine them for their research purposes, or as new uses emerge from human medical applications. Clinicians also are likely to reap the benefits of this knowledge. Because samples often are acquired easily from clinical patients in most practice settings, access to these tools puts all clinicians in the group of discoverers of new, or variations of, infectious diseases and their clinical manifestations. 相似文献
4.
Vaden SL 《Topics in companion animal medicine》2011,26(3):128-134
Glomerular diseases are a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in dogs but seem to be less common in cats. Glomerular diseases are diverse, and a renal biopsy is needed to determine the specific glomerular disease that is present in any animal. Familial glomerulopathies occur in many breeds of dogs. However, most dogs with glomerular disease have acquired glomerular injury that is either immune-complex mediated or due to systemic factors, both of which are believed to be the result of a disease process elsewhere in the body (i.e., neoplastic, infectious, and noninfectious inflammatory disorders). A thorough clinical evaluation is indicated in all dogs suspected of having glomerular disease and should include an extensive evaluation for potential predisposing disorders. Nonspecific management of dogs with glomerular disease can be divided into 3 major categories: (1) treatment of potential predisposing disorders, (2) management of proteinuria, and (3) management of uremia and other complications of glomerular disease and chronic kidney disease. Specific management of specific glomerular diseases has not been fully studied in dogs. However, it may be reasonable to consider immunosuppressive therapy in dogs that have developed a form of glomerulonephritis secondary to a steroid-responsive disease (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus) or have immune-mediated lesions that have been documented in renal biopsy specimens. Appropriate patient monitoring during therapy is important for maximizing patient care. The prognosis for dogs and cats with glomerular disease is variable and probably dependent on a combination of factors. The purpose of this article is to discuss the general diagnosis and management of dogs with glomerular disease. 相似文献
5.
J D Hoskins 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1991,21(1):129-140
Although Lyme borreliosis (Lyme disease), ehrlichiosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and babesiosis occur more frequently in dogs or cats, from a clinical standpoint, other tick-borne diseases such as canine haemobartonellosis, canine hepatozoonosis, and feline cytauxzoonosis are just as important to recognize. Information concerning these less common tick-borne diseases are discussed, including their causative agents and their relationship to disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. 相似文献
6.
American Animal Hospital Association;American Association of Feline Practitioners;AAHA/AAFP Pain Management Guidelines Task Force Members Hellyer P Rodan I Brunt J Downing R Hagedorn JE Robertson SA 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2007,43(5):235-248
Pain management in dogs and cats has undergone a dramatic evolution in the past decade. Current approaches focus on anticipation and prevention of pain, as well as both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management techniques. The veterinary team plays an essential role in educating pet owners about recognizing and managing pain in their pets. 相似文献
7.
AAHA/AAFP Pain Management Guidelines Task Force Members Hellyer P Rodan I Brunt J Downing R Hagedorn JE Robertson SA 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2007,9(6):466-480
Pain management in dogs and cats has undergone a dramatic evolution in the past decade. Current approaches focus on anticipation and prevention of pain, as well as both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic management techniques. The veterinary team plays an essential role in educating pet owners about recognizing and managing pain in their pets. 相似文献
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9.
MW Munks 《Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene》2012,47(Z4):223-227
Each year, millions of cats and dogs are euthanized worldwide. There are insufficient resources to control shelter animals in developed countries, as well as feral cat and wild dog population levels, with current surgical sterilization techniques. Thus, population control of these animals will likely depend on the development of new non-surgical methods for cat and dog sterilization. One promising area of research is the development of contraceptive vaccines, or immunocontraceptives. In this article, previous approaches aimed at developing contraceptive vaccines will be reviewed, with a focus on those most related to sterilization of cats and dogs. There are a number of steps in reproduction that have been, or could be, targeted by the immune system, and the advantages and obstacles for inducing immunity to each of these will be discussed. Our current understanding of how these vaccines cause sterility, and our current ability to dissect these mechanisms in cats and dogs, also will be discussed. 相似文献
10.
Rocky Mountain spotted fever in dogs and its differentiation from canine ehrlichiosis 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
C E Greene W Burgdorfer R Cavagnolo R N Philip M G Peacock 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1985,186(5):465-472
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) or ehrlichiosis was diagnosed in dogs on the basis of specific immunofluorescent testing for each disease. Comparisons between clinical and laboratory findings were made between the 2 diseases. The incidence of RMSF tended to be more seasonal and it affected younger dogs. Purebred dogs appeared to be more susceptible to both diseases. In general, RMSF had a more rapid and severe course of clinical illness than did ehrlichiosis, but acute ehrlichiosis was difficult to differentiate from RMSF. Both diseases were characterized by fever, depression, lymphadenopathy, and signs of neurologic dysfunction; petechial hemorrhages or other signs of hemorrhagic diathesis were evident only in a small proportion of cases. Anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia were more common in dogs with ehrlichiosis, whereas those with RMSF more often had leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Hypoalbuminemia was found in dogs with both diseases, but those with ehrlichiosis usually had concurrent hyperglobulinemia. High serum alkaline phosphatase activity and serum cholesterol concentration, and low serum calcium concentration were more common in dogs with RMSF than with ehrlichiosis. Rising serum titers or positive direct immunofluorescence for Rickettsia rickettsii in skin biopsy specimens were used to confirm RMSF, whereas a single serum titer for Ehrlichia canis enabled detection of ehrlichiosis. In the absence of neurologic deficits and when dogs were treated with tetracycline, dogs with RMSF made a more rapid and consistent recovery than did dogs with ehrlichiosis. 相似文献
11.
Slater MR 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2001,48(4):273-286
Free-roaming dogs or cats are domestic dogs and cats that are not confined to a yard or house. Free-roaming dogs and cats have long caused major public-health problems and animal-welfare concerns in many countries. Free-roaming dogs have been considered to be more of a problem than cats for several reasons, but the literature addressing dogs focuses primarily on their role in rabies spread and control. Free-roaming cats are becoming more of an issue in countries where free-roaming dog problems are coming under control. The change in perception of pets, beyond their value as a commodity, has also contributed to the increase in concern and attention focused on free-roaming dogs and cats. Epidemiologists have contributed much to these studies of these populations and have potential to contribute even more. The epidemiologic methods and approaches, the experience of epidemiologists in interdisciplinary teams and the importance of considering the separate sub-populations in study design and analysis all are critical in designing and evaluating interventions for free-roaming dogs and cats. In this paper, I will (1) describe a set of useful definitions regarding free-roaming dogs and cats, (2) summarize past and present topics of study in free-roaming dogs and cats, using selected examples, (3) describe the limitations of existing work and how epidemiologists might strengthen and improve this work, and (4) outline areas needing more attention by epidemiologists and why these are important. 相似文献
12.
George E. Lewis 《Veterinary parasitology》1976,2(1):61-74
Ehrlichia equi, etiologic agent of equine ehrlichiosis, is a rickettsia which morphologically closely resembles the agents of bovine petechial fever, tick-borne fever, and canine ehrlichiosis (tropical canine pancytopenia). Natural infections of E. equi have been reported only in horses; however, the experimental host range of E. equi has been broadened to include burros, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, monkeys and baboons. Infection of primates indicates that E. equi may be a zoonotic agent. An indirect fluorescent antibody test employing E. equi-infected granulocytes as antigen has been developed and used to show that infected horses develop a prolonged antibody response to E. equi. Cell-mediated immune responses measured by the leukocyte migration inhibition test were also detected in horses recovered from acute illness. Protective immunity in horses, monkeys and baboons to reinfection is long-lasting. In contrast to the blood of dogs recovered from clinical E. canis infection, the blood of horses and dogs recovered from clinical infection with E. equi is not infectious for susceptible animals. Infection of dogs with E. equi does not provide protection against subsequent infection with E. canis. 相似文献
13.
Mylonakis ME Saridomichelakis MN Lazaridis V Leontides LS Kostoulas P Koutinas AF 《The Journal of small animal practice》2008,49(4):191-196
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and identify possible clinicopathologic indicators of the diseases associated with canine epistaxis. METHODS: The medical records of 61 dogs with epistaxis were reviewed. RESULTS: Systemic diseases, diagnosed in fifty-six dogs, included canine leishmaniasis in twenty-three dogs, canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in twenty-two, concurrent canine leishmaniasis and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in six, rodenticide toxicity in two and primary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, suspected oestrogen toxicity and systemic arterial hypertension in one dog each. Intranasal diseases were documented in the remaining five dogs, including transmissible venereal tumour in three dogs, and nasal adenocarcinoma and nasal aspergillosis in one dog each. Mucosal pallor and a generalised bleeding tendency were significantly more common among dogs with canine monocytic ehrlichiosis compared with those with canine leishmaniasis, whereas the opposite was true for peripheral lymphadenomegaly. Also, dogs with canine monocytic ehrlichiosis presented with pancytopenia more frequently compared with those with canine leishmaniasis; in the latter dogs, the median values of haematocrit, leucocyte and platelet counts and serum total protein concentrations were higher. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Canine leishmaniasis and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis are the leading causes of canine epistaxis in Greece. Mucosal pallor, bleeding tendency and pancytopenia are more likely to be indicative of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, as opposed to peripheral lymphadenomegaly and hyperproteinaemia in canine leishmaniasis. 相似文献
14.
Feline anesthetic deaths in veterinary practice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Brodbelt D 《Topics in companion animal medicine》2010,25(4):189-194
Anesthetic complications appear relatively rare, though recent work suggests they are more common in cats than dogs. Current estimates indicate that approximately 0.11% (1 in 895 anesthetics) of healthy cats die of an anesthetic-related death, which is more than twice as frequent as has been recently reported in dogs (0.05% or 1 in 1849). Most of these deaths occurred in the postoperative period. A number of risk factors have been associated with death, including patient health status, age, weight, and procedure type and urgency. Endotracheal intubation and fluid therapy have been reported to be associated with increased odds of anesthetic death in cats and may reflect higher risk techniques in cats compared with dogs. Monitoring patient pulse and the use of a pulse oximeter were also recently reported to be associated with reduced risk of anesthetic death. These data can help veterinarians care for their patient under anesthesia and address greater attention to patient assessment and management before anesthesia, as well as more careful fluid administration and patient monitoring during and after anesthesia, which could reduce perioperative complications in cats. 相似文献
15.
Waner T Leykin I Shinitsky M Sharabani E Buch H Keysary A Bark H Harrus S 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2000,77(1-2):145-150
Six dogs were infected with Ehrlichia canis by intravenous injection of heavily infected DH82 cells. All dogs developed typical signs of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Using flow cytometric technology, platelet-bound IgG (PBIgG) were detected in 5 of the 6 dogs after experimental infection with E. canis over a period of 3-10 days post infection (PI). The first detection of PBIgG was made as early as day 3 PI in 2 out of 6 dogs, and on day 5 PI in 1 dog. On day 7 PI, PBIgG was detected in 2 dogs, and on day 10 PI in 3 out of 6 dogs. This is the first report documenting the presence of PBIgG following E. canis infection in dogs. This finding further supports the theory that the thrombocytopenia seen in canine monocytic ehrlichiosis has an immunological component and that exposure to an infectious agent, in this case the rickettsia E. canis, can trigger autoimmune mechanisms. Due to the heterogeneous appearance of PBIgG among the infected dogs it was concluded that other non-immunological mechanisms are probably also involved in the pathogenesis of the thrombocytopenia seen in canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. 相似文献
16.
犬在埃立克体病研究中的作用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
随着新病原及病原新的致病性不断被发现 ,埃立克体及埃立克体病已经成为预防医学和兽医学研究热点。在已经发现的 1 1种埃立克体病原中 ,有 5种可以直接感染犬 ,引起不同的犬埃立克体病 ;另外 2种为早先分别从人单核细胞埃立克体病和粒细胞埃立克体病患者中分离的病原 ,在流行区的犬体内也可以分离到。资料表明犬对许多埃立克体都极为敏感 ,犬在埃立克体及埃立克体病研究上占有重要地位。鉴于这是我国近年才发现的新病原 ,许多兽医及研究工作者不认识它 ,文章就相关埃立克体对犬的感染和所致疾病以及在流行病学上的意义进行了综述。 相似文献
17.
18.
Bond BR 《Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice》2005,20(3):203-210
It may be unusual to think of a physical examination as a technique, but what better "instruments" do we have than our eyes, our ears, and our hands? Therefore, I will describe several "techniques" that I felt should be included in this journal, but that do not warrant an article of their own. This article will cover some parts of the routine physical examination, correct positioning of cats and consequences of bad positioning, radiographic techniques that will help diagnose heart failure more consistently, examination of dogs with lower airway disease, and examination of cats with aortic thromboembolism (ATE). Several "pearls" that may get lost in the other information is sprinkled throughout the article. 相似文献
19.
Ehrlichia canis has a worldwide distribution, but clinical manifestations may vary geographically. We selected 129 dogs to determine prevalence of ehrlichiosis in dogs with anemia, thrombocytopenia, or ticks presented to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in South Brazil. Of the 129 dogs, 68 carried the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), 61 had thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150,000/microl), and 19 had anemia (PCV < 22%). Twenty dogs fulfilled more than one inclusion criteria. Ehrlichiosis was diagnosed by positive amplification of ehrlichial DNA by PCR using primers ECC and ECB that amplify a sequence of the 16S rRNA gene. Presence of E. canis was confirmed by cleavage of the amplified DNA using endonucleases HaeIII and AvaI. Fourteen of 68 (21%) dogs with ticks had ehrlichiosis, whereas 12 of 61 (20%) dogs presented with thrombocytopenia and 4 of 19 (21%) anemic dogs had ehrlichiosis. Similar results were obtained in dogs with thrombocytopenia and anemia (one of eight positive) and in dogs with thrombocytopenia and ticks (two of seven positive). All four dogs with anemia and ticks, and the dog that fulfilled all inclusion criteria yield no amplification of ehrlichial DNA by PCR. Based on our results, one in each five dogs infested by the brown dog tick, with anemia or thrombocytopenia had ehrlichosis. Contrary to widespread believe, ehrlichiosis was not the main cause for thrombocytopenia in our region. 相似文献
20.
Local anesthetics have the unique ability to produce complete blockade of sensory nerve fibers and prevent or pre-empt the development of secondary (central) sensitization to pain. For this reason, local and regional anesthetic techniques are often used with opioids, alpha 2-receptor agonists, dissociatives, and anti-inflammatory drugs as part of a multimodal strategy to manage pain. Lidocaine and bupivacaine are the local anesthetics used most commonly in dogs and cats. Lidocaine has a fast onset (10-15 min) and an intermediate duration of action (60-120 min), and is used for short diagnostic and surgical procedures. Bupivacaine has a slow onset (20-30 min) and a long duration of action (240-360 min), and is used to control pain both preoperatively and postoperatively. Local anesthetics are relatively safe if they are administered correctly. Administration of an excessive dose and accidental intravenous administration are probably the most common causes of systemic toxicity in small animals. Doses of local anesthetics, especially those for cats and small dogs, should always be calculated carefully. In many animals, the most simple and elegant way to control pain perioperatively is to perform a local or regional anesthetic block. Veterinarians should not hesitate to incorporate local and regional anesthetic techniques into their pain management strategies for dogs and cats. 相似文献