共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
木霉菌具有抑制植物病原真菌生长的能力,因而成为开发土传根部病害生防菌的首选之一。利用对峙培养法,测定8个木霉菌菌株对3个橡胶树红根病病原真菌的体外拮抗作用,并对筛选出来的木霉菌进行相互间的对峙培养分析。结果表明：有6个木霉菌对3个红根病病原菌具有显著拮抗效果;所选出的6个木霉菌之间尽管多数可以共存,但存在空间和营养竞争,尤其是棘孢木霉,很容易被其它木霉菌抑制和侵占,因此,在今后使用时不适宜混配。该实验结果可为进一步筛选和利用生防菌防治橡胶树根部病害提供理论依据。 相似文献
4.
复配生防菌株防治大豆根腐病的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
大豆根腐病（Soybean root rot）是由多种病原真菌复合侵染所致的土传病害,其分布广、危害重,利用单一生防菌株防治困难。针对该问题将实验室筛选出的多个木霉菌生防菌株FMM35、FMM9、FMM5,毛壳菌CHZ1和生防细菌B7进行复配研究,通过测定生防菌的生长速度、产孢量、孢子萌发率及体外拮抗能力,探索复配可能性,并将适宜复配的生防菌组合进行盆栽防效试验。结果表明：不同生防菌之间生长速度、产孢量、孢子萌发率存在差异,综合分析其中组合C1（FMM9和FMM35）复配效果好,避免生防菌间拮抗作用,对大豆根腐病防治效果明显,并对大豆有促生作用,具有复配潜力可进一步研究。 相似文献
5.
由尖孢镰刀菌引起的枯萎病是制约作物生产的世界性重要土传维管束病害,危害的作物种类多,损失严重,生产中尚无经济有效的防治方法。抑病型土壤是指对土传作物病害有抑制作用的一类土壤,具有有益微生物种群结构稳定、对土传病害防效持久等特点,因此国内外专家进行了许多卓有成效的研究。本文对尖孢镰刀菌枯萎病相关抑病型土壤的形成因素、作用机制等方面的研究进展进行综述,并对今后尖孢镰刀菌枯萎病抑病型土壤研究的重点方向及应用前景进行了分析和展望,以其为下一步深入研究尖孢镰刀菌枯萎病抑病型土壤的微生物种群结构、有益微生物种类构成、抑病型土壤的构建方法及复合微生物菌肥研制提供新的参考。 相似文献
6.
7.
拮抗香蕉枯萎病镰刀菌木霉菌株的分离筛选 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
香蕉枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型引起的,目前尚缺乏有效的防治方法,木霉菌是重要的植物病害防治菌,广泛分布于自然界。木霉菌具有广泛的适应性,能杀伤多种重要的植物病原菌且作用机制多种多样。笔者从广东湛江、海南儋州等地152份土样中分离出330株木霉,通过对峙法对木霉菌进行体外拮抗作用测定及评价,选出10株对尖孢镰刀菌有较好拮抗效果的木霉菌;并测定无菌土中木霉与病原菌的种群动态变化,结果表明木霉在土壤中对病原菌有一定的抑制作用。 相似文献
8.
9.
花生叶部菌核病流行规律及生物防治初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
花生叶部菌核病[Rhizoctonia solanikühn]是近几年在我国发生的一种新病害,始发期为7月上旬,盛发期为7月下旬到8月上旬。以危害叶片为主,特别是新生嫩叶受害最重,发病后期造成花生大量落叶,一般年份减产10%~20%,严重时达30%以上。田间试验和室内抑菌测定结果表明:一种绿色木霉[Trichoderma.spp]生防菌LN-02对叶部菌核病具有防治作用,生防机制研究表明:生防菌LN-02主要通过重寄生作用抑制病原菌生长发育。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
Four commercial biocontrol formulations (Bacillus subtilis GB03, Burkholderia ambifaria type Wisconsin isolate J82, Trichoderma virens Gl-21, and Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22), a chemical seed treatment (thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, and cymoxanil mixture, TMC), and a combination chemical/biological treatment, were compared with no-pathogen and pathogen-treated controls, and monitored in two field seasons in Maine for their effects on the development of Rhizoctonia disease of potato and soil microbial community characteristics. All treatments reduced the incidence and severity of stem canker (37–75% reduction) relative to the pathogen control over both years, with the best control provided by B. subtilis and the combination chemical/biological treatment (TMC/Bamb). Both bacterial treatments (B. subtilis and Bu. ambifaria) reduced severity of black scurf in both years, and T. virens reduced scurf in one year, with reductions of 11–20% relative to the pathogen control. Over both years, the B. subtilis, T. virens, and TMC/Bamb treatments increased total and marketable yield, and Bu. ambifaria increased marketable yield, by 11–15% relative to the pathogen control. Substantial populations of the added fungal agents, but not the bacteria, were detected in bulk soil at the end of the growing season. Biocontrol treatments also significantly (P < 0.05) affected soil microbial community characteristics, as assessed by single carbon source substrate utilization (SU) and whole soil fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles. Bacterial biocontrol treatments generally resulted in higher microbial activity and substrate utilization. Some effects on soil microbial communities were also observed the following spring (1 yr after application). This research indicates that biocontrol treatments can assist in the control of Rhizoctonia disease of potato, persist in soil to some degree, and have significant effects on soil microbial communities long after application. 相似文献
13.
14.
F.H.V. Medeiros A.W.V. Pomella J.T. de Souza G.R. Niella R. Valle R.P. Bateman D. Fravel B. Vinyard P.K. Hebbar 《Crop Protection》2010
A three-year field study was conducted in Bahia, Brazil to validate several strategies for management of witches' broom disease in cacao caused by Moniliophthora perniciosa. Treatments which were applied alone or in combination included applications of biological control fungus Trichoderma stromaticum, fungicide copper hydroxide and phytosanitary broom removal. When compared with untreated control treatments, higher pod yields and consistently lower pod losses were obtained by alternating fungicide with biocontrol application. Pod losses caused by witches' broom were also reduced by fungicide treatment or by phytosanitary broom removal when applied alone or in combination, however total pod production per tree was consistently low whenever broom removal was used as a management strategy. While application of biocontrol fungus alone was not able to reduce witches' broom on pods, it reduced vegetative broom formation and also increased the number of pod-forming flower cushions. The present study indicates that alternating fungicide copper hydroxide with biocontrol fungus T. stromaticum without expensive phytosanitary broom removal is not only a better disease management strategy in Bahia but also results in better yields and thereby better net economic returns. 相似文献
15.
16.
香草兰根腐病生防菌筛选及防治试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
室内平板对峙培养测定显示,枯草杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ（ＯＢＳ－２和１．９３６菌株对尖镰孢香草兰专化型（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ ｆ．ｓｐ．ｖａｎｉｌｌａｅ）和腐皮镰孢（Ｆ．ｓｏｌａｎｉ）产生明显的拮抗带。在盆栽生防试验中,ＯＢＳ－２菌株水剂浸根＋ＯＢＳ－２甘蔗渣制剂或稻杆制处理３０ｄ的防效分别为８２．１％和９３．７％,１．９３６菌株作同样处理的防效分别是５４．１％和４ 相似文献
17.
18.
施用根腐病生防颗粒剂对大豆田土壤微生物区系的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
采用田间小区试验,以木霉菌等多种生防菌结合的生防颗粒剂为材料,探讨施于大豆田后对土壤微生物的影响.调查结果显示,土壤中施入生防颗粒剂后未明显引起微生物区系变化,也没有使某些微生物明显地上升或下降.在大豆生育期间多数生防颗粒剂组合的真菌数量低于种衣剂拌种处理区;在大豆生育期间生防颗粒剂组合的放线菌数量都高于种衣剂拌种,在分枝期1号和4号生防颗粒剂处理的细菌数量高于种衣剂处理区和空白对照,开花期(R1)到成熟期(R8)多数生防颗粒剂处理的细菌数量也高于种衣剂处理和对照.生防颗粒剂在分枝期和开花期使土壤中木霉菌数量增加,生防颗粒剂组合、种衣剂处理区和空白对照在分枝期镰孢菌数量较低,除生防颗粒剂组合1号外葡萄孢菌数量在出苗期、结荚盛期都低于空白对照.除结荚期外,其它时期生防颗粒剂处理较空白对照区青霉菌多. 相似文献
19.
Impact of preharvest application of biological control agents on postharvest diseases of fresh fruits and vegetables 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
During the storage of harvested commodities, environmental parameters are quite stable. For this and other reasons, it is generally believed that biological control by means of microbial antagonists may have a greater potential for success when applied postharvest. However, one of the major obstacles to the development of postharvest biocontrol agents is that they are unable to control previously established infections, such as latent and quiescent infections and incipient infections occurring through wounds resulting from harvesting operations. Field application of biocontrol agents may enable early colonisation of fruit surfaces, thus protecting from these infections. Moreover, preharvest applications can be an appropriate strategy for fruits and vegetables subject to damage in postharvest handling. To be successful in preharvest applications, putative biocontrol agents must be able to tolerate low-nutrient availability, UV radiation, high temperature and dry conditions. Some reports of postharvest biological control accomplished by preharvest applications, include apples, avocados, sweet cherries, grapes, and strawberries. This paper provides a brief overview on particular aspects of preharvest application of biocontrol agents to reduce postharvest decay. Research areas relevant for the development of this strategy are also indicated. 相似文献