首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 875 毫秒
1.
Radial distribution patterns of Cd and Zn in stems of Scots pine trees (Pius sylvestris L.) were investigated 12 years after a soil pollution event. The trees were growing on experimental plots near Krakow, southern Poland, which had been contaminated with heavy-metal-containing dust in 1980/81. The element distributions were examined for visible signals of the pollution event. Distributions of Cd and Zn in trees on contaminated plots showed elevated concentrations but were not uniform in shape. Only 2 of the 12 examined trees on plots with elevated Cd levels had highest Cd concentrations in xylem rings produced at the time of the pollution event. None of the sampled trees from the Zn plots had highest Zn concentrations in xylem rings which corresponded to the time of the pollution event. In the majority of sampled trees, concentrations of Cd and Zn decreased markedly in rings produced after the application of Cd and Zn dusts. In trees on contaminated plots concentrations of Cd and Zn were generally higher in sapwood than in heartwood. A sharp decline of both elements across the sapwood-heartwood boundary was observed. The distribution patterns of Cd and Zn are discussed with respect to endogenous physiological processes in stem wood. The element patterns observed in the wood of individual trees did not correspond to the known timing of pollution inputs to respective forest stands.  相似文献   

2.
Young trees of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) were grown in 120 litre pots under two different ozone levels in open-top chambers for three seasons, 1992–1994. The ozone treatments were charcoal filtered air (CF, average 24 h seasonal mean 6.5 ppb) and non-filtered air with extra ozone aiming to track 1.5 times ambient (NF+, average seasonal mean 34 ppb). In addition, half of the spruce trees in Aug – Sep each season recieved a drought period of between five and seven weeks. The remaining half were kept well-watered. The soil water content, the needle water potentials, and the gas exchange as well as the chamber micro climate were measured before, during and after the drought period. Furthermore, the growth of the trees was measured as biomass increase. During the 1993 drought period, where the trees experienced a moderate drought stress, the trees grown in NF+ consumed soil water faster and showed a higher needle conductance compared to CF. However, no negative effects were found on needle water potential or growth. During the more severe 1994 drought stress period we did not find any differences between the two ozone treatments in soil water consumption, needle conductance or needle water potential. There was a significant negative effect of the high ozone treatment on tree biomass of the well-watered trees. Total plant biomass was reduced 18 % and stem biomass was reduced as much as 28 %. The negative effect of ozone on tree biomass was much smaller for the droughted trees.  相似文献   

3.
Ethnic vegetable crops are increasingly being grown in the United States and may accumulate heavy metals when grown on urban soils. This study evaluated accumulation of lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) in tissues of Malabar spinach (Basella alba L.) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) grown on an urban and an orchard soil with Pb concentrations of 1,120 and 272 mg kg?1, respectively, and As concentrations of 6.92 and 90 mg kg?1, respectively. Tissue Pb was higher in both crops grown on both contaminated soils compared with an uncontaminated soil, while tissue As was higher on the orchard soil only. Malabar spinach did not accumulate Pb or As in its shoot, but concentrations of both metals were higher in sweet potato stems compared to leaves or tubers. Consumption of sweet potato stems should be avoided when sweet potato leaves are grown as a vegetable on soils with elevated levels of Pb and As.  相似文献   

4.
ABSTRACT

Although biosolids are a rich source of plant nutrients, there is concern about the potential heavy metal uptake by crops grown on biosolid-amended soils. This study was conducted to determine the effects of limed or composted biosolids and flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) on edamame growth, nodule development, and metal uptake. Two consecutive crops of edamame were grown on 40 and 80 T ha?1 biosolid-amended soil with and without 10 T ha?1 FGDG. Biosolids with or without FGDG did not reduce biomass, nodules, or grain yields in the first harvest and increased yields of all three tissues in the second harvest. Lead and cadmium concentrations in grain and biomass were below the instrument detection limits. Copper, manganese, and zinc were within the ranges normally found in soybean grain. In this pot study, biosolids and FGDG did not reduce edamame growth or increase grain metal concentrations to levels of concern.  相似文献   

5.
ABSTRACT

Nutrient requirements of the saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia: Rosaceae), a relatively new horticultural crop on the Canadian prairies, are unknown. In this study, two-year old saskatoon plants of the cultivar ‘Smoky’ were grown in a greenhouse in pots under four different soil nitrogen (N) regimes (20, 40, 60, and 80 mg N L?1). Half the plants were harvested after one growing season. After a five-month period of dormancy, the remaining plants were grown for a second growing season under the same soil N regimes. At harvest, plant growth, dry weight biomass, and leaf N concentration were measured, and soil N uptake was calculated. In both years, leaf N concentration and plant N uptake were strongly positively correlated (first year r = 0.93; second year r = 0.95) and increased linearly with an increase in soil N. Stem diameter and new shoot growth increased in both years of the study in response to additional N. The soil N treatments had no significant effect on plant biomass during the first growing season. In the second year, stem, root, total shoot and total plant biomass increased with increasing soil N.  相似文献   

6.
Concentrations of metals in the environment have greatly increased in the past decade since large quantities of pollutants are released annually in to the atmosphere. Exposure of the population atmospheric pollutants is believed to be responsible for the development of a number of illnesses and there is an increasing need for bio-indicators which may serve as monitors of pollutants such as heavy metals. Many animal and plant species are used as bio-indicators. Certain species of trees are used as bio-indicators because they add an additional temporal dimension. By their growth rings, trees may reflect annual variations in metal concentrations in the environment. In general, conifers are preferred because of the primitive nature of their wood which decreases the lateral transfer of contaminants between rings and, thus, gives them a better potential for the evaluation of environmental contamination. The aim of this work is to evaluate black spruce (Picea mariana) as an historical indicator of Al deposition from the atmosphere. The territory studied extends to a radius of 10 km around the Alcan aluminum refinery at Jonquiere, Quebec, Canada. The sampling strategy was designed to determine the variability within an individual tree and to determine local and regional differences. Using an incremental corer, xylem samples were taken from trees at six sites at 5 and 10 km from the refinery. At each site, three samples were taken from each of five trees separated by 100 m. The wood samples, containing from 30 to 50 rings, were sliced into two-year sections which were dried and analysed for Al by neutron activation. This involved irradiation of each section in the neutron flux of a nuclear reactor followed by gamma-ray spectroscopy with a germanium detector. The Al concentrations were thus determined in over two thousand xylem sections with a precision of 5% at levels as low as 0.2 µg g?1. The calculation of Kendall's τ for the Al concentrations in the three samples from each tree revealed correlations in 85% of the trees from the four sites situated along the line of the prevailing winds from the refinery. For the other two sites correlations were found in 40% of the trees. Higher Al levels were found in the growth rings of more recent years at all the sites. At each site the inter-tree variations in the Al concentrations in wood of a given age were about 50%. Among the six sites, the lowest concentrations were found by an SNK test, at the two which were away from the line of prevailing winds from the refinery. The highest concentrations were found at the site 10 km west of the refinery. This site is also 5 km from a paper mill. These results suggest that the trees most exposed to atmospheric contamination will contain high concentrations of Al. However, the temporal fluctuations of Al concentrations have not yet been related to fluctuations in industrial contamination. Moreover, the Al concentrations accumulated in the growth rings of black spruce could be related to the quantity of Al available in the soil, to the atmospheric release of NOX and SOX and to the natural pH of the soil which can induce chemical transformations, more particularly those related to the speciation and bio-availability of this metal. Although other variables must be taken into account, it appears that black spruce may be a useful historical monitor of environmental Al contamination once the relation between xylem concentration and atmospheric deposition is determined.  相似文献   

7.
The long-term effects of soil compaction by heavy traffic on crop growth were examined in field experiments on a heavy clay (Vertic Cambisol) and an organic soil (Mollic Gleysol). There were three treatments: one pass and four repeated passes with a tandem axle load of 16 Mg, with wheel tracks completely covering the plot area, and a control without experimental traffic. Both loadings compacted the soils to a depth of 0.4–0.5 m. For 9 years after the loading, spring cereals (oats, wheat and barley) were the main crops grown. Yield, moisture content at harvest, thousand-kernel and bulk weight and nitrogen uptake of crops were determined each year. Although lodging of crops in the control and sometimes also in the treatment with one pass complicated the interpretation of results, especially for the organic soil, compaction clearly did affect crop production. For several years after the loading, it decreased yields and nitrogen uptake of crops and lowered seed moisture contents at harvest. Effects of the compaction were especially marked on the clay soil in the first 3 years and the rainy sixth year. Taken as a mean of the first 8 years, compaction of the clay soil with four passes reduced the yields by 4% and nitrogen uptake of annual crops by 9%. Compaction of the organic soil with four passes decreased the yield by 1% and nitrogen yield by 4%, as a mean of the first 5 and the last 3 years. The bulk weight or the thousand-kernel weight of yields was not notably affected by the compaction.  相似文献   

8.
The decomposition of alder ( Alnus glutinosa ) and poplar ( Populus tremula ) leaf litter placed in direct contact with non-polluted and metal-polluted soil was investigated over 25 months in a controlled model-ecosystem experiment using the litterbag method. In addition to mass loss, we monitored the total and soluble concentrations of carbon, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb. Leaves from trees grown on polluted soil had larger initial Zn, Cd and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Neither the origin of the leaves (from trees grown on non-polluted or polluted soil) nor the placement of the leaves in polluted or unpolluted soil affected the decomposition process. Total metal contents increased in leaves placed on polluted soil over time. The solubility of metals in the leaf litter decreased over time, indicating that leaves acted as a temporary pool for metals from the soil in direct contact with the leaves. The sorbed metals were strongly bound in the litter even after two years of decomposition. The strong binding and thus reduced bioavailability of the metals provides an explanation for why they had no observable effects on litter decomposition.  相似文献   

9.
In a pot culture experiment two-year-old beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) were planted in soil amended with different concentrations of Cd and Zn or combinations of both. Concentrations ranged up to ca 180 μmol Cd and 7500μmol Zn kg?1 soil dry weight (1 M ammonium acetate extracts). After 2 seasons of growth plants were harvested. Annual xylem growth rings in stems were significantly smaller at 50 μmol Cd kg?1 and 1000 μmol Zn kg?1 as compared to controls. Elongation of apical shoots was significantly reduced at 180 μmol Cd kg?1 and 1000 μmol Zn kg?1. The lowest treatment of 50 μmol Zn kg?1 caused no significant growth depressions of stem diameter and shoot elongation. In the second year of treatment growth reductions were generally more pronounced than in the first season. Uptake and translocation of Cd and Zn into stem wood and leaves were marked and were correlated with substrate concentrations. The observed growth reductions are discussed with respect to possible adverse effects of trace elements on forest trees under field conditions.  相似文献   

10.
Changes in composition during the maturation of Western Schley pecans [Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.) K. Koch] grown in Australia were investigated. Pecans of different maturity levels were collected at monthly intervals between March and June in 1999 and 2000 and analyzed for the concentrations of moisture, total lipid, sucrose, raffinose, protein, and the minerals aluminum, boron, calcium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc. Moisture, total lipid, and calcium contents changed significantly (p < 0.05) with harvest time and maturity, whereas the other components did not. Western Schley pecans grown in Australia should be harvested after the shuck has opened and it is either green or brown in color to maximize total lipid content and quality. This occurred after May 11 in 1999 and after May 17 in 2000.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

Potassium sulfate was applied to established, non‐irrigated, K deficient trees on fine textured soil by banding, placing in augered holes and injecting into the soil. Additional trees received a heavy compost mulch in early fall. Trenches were dug in the fall beside trees to break roots and then were backfilled with K2SO4, dolomite lime or a combination of the two. One percent K solutions of KNO3 or K2SO4 were sprayed on trees four times during the growth season.

Sweet cherry trees only responded to compost mulch applications within two years. August midshoot leaf K, leaf N and fruit size were increased within one year however tree growth and yield were not affected. Fruit size and shoot growth were partially dependent on August leaf K level.

August midshoot leaf K of prune trees was increased within one growing season by all treatments except trench plus lime. Trees receiving compost also had increased levels of leaf N, P, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and B. Yield and shoot growth were increased only by compost mulch applications. Fruit size was partially dependent on August leaf K levels.  相似文献   

12.
Zhan  Juan  Zhang  Qingpei  Li  Tingxuan  Yu  Haiying  Zhang  Xizhou  Huang  Huagang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(10):3576-3584
Purpose

Chelate-assisted phytoremediation with biodegradable chelates has been considered to be a promising technique to enhance phytoremediation efficiency, while little information is available on phytostabilization. This study aims to assess NTA-assisted phytostabilization of Pb-contaminated soils by Athyrium wardii (Hook.).

Materials and methods

A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different application days (1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21) of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) on plant growth, Pb accumulation, and Pb availability in rhizosphere soils of A. wardii grown in soils contaminated with low (200 mg kg?1) and high (800 mg kg?1) concentrations of Pb.

Results and discussion

With the application of NTA, better growth for A. wardii was observed when treated with NTA for 5–14 days for both low and high Pb soils, suggesting potential harvest time. Pb concentrations and Pb accumulation in underground parts of A. wardii grown in low and high Pb soils increased with increasing application time of NTA generally. Similar changes were also found for bioaccumulation coefficients (BCFs) of A. wardii. The greatest remediation factors (RFs) for underground parts and whole plant of A. wardii were observed for NTA application time of 7 and 5 days for low and high Pb soils, suggesting the greatest remediation efficiency. Furthermore, plant growth, BCF, and RF of A. wardii grown in low Pb-contaminated soils were greater than those grown in high Pb-contaminated soils. Pb availability in rhizosphere soils of A. wardii grown in low Pb soils was lower than those in high Pb-contaminated soils.

Conclusions

It seems to be the optimum for A. wardii to phytostabilize slightly Pb-contaminated soils with the application of NTA for 7 days as taking plant growth, Pb remediation efficiency, and environmental risk into consideration.

  相似文献   

13.
Alyssum pintodasilvae Dudley is a nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulator endemic to serpentine soils of north‐east Portugal. In one experiment, the effects of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), Ni, lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) on the growth and mineral composition of this species were evaluated. The growth of A. pintodasilvae, measured by dry matter accumulation, was not influenced by the presence of Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, or Zn in the soil, but Cd applications led to significant decreases in dry matter yield. The addition of heavy metals to the soil resulted in increased uptake and translocation by A. pintodasilvae but only Ni was accumulated to high levels. In a second experiment, two cuts of A. pintodasilvae, grown on a Ni‐enriched soil, were compared. Nickel concentrations were higher in the second cut, suggesting the possibility of continued growth and harvest of this plant to detoxify Ni‐contaminated soils.  相似文献   

14.
Heavy metal(HM) contamination in soils is an environmental issue worldwide that threatens the quality and safety of crops and human health. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the growth, mycorrhizal colonization, and Pb and Cd accumulation of pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L. cv. Suzhou) in response to inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi(AMF), Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus versiforme, and Rhizophagus intraradices, aimed at exploring how AMF inoculation affected safe crop production by altering plant-soil interaction. The symbiotic relationship was well established between pakchoi and three AMF inocula even under Pb or Cd stress, where the colonization rates in the roots ranged from 24.5% to 38.5%. Compared with the non-inoculated plants, the shoot biomass of the inoculated plants increased by 8.7%–22.1% and 9.2%–24.3% in Pb and Cd addition treatments, respectively. Both glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP) and polyphosphate concentrations reduced as Pb or Cd concentration increased. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation significantly enhanced total absorbed Pb and Cd(except for a few samples) and increased the distribution ratio(root/shoot) in pakchoi at each Pb or Cd addition level. However, the three inocula significantly decreased Pb concentration in pakchoi shoots by 20.6%–67.5% in Pb addition treatments, and significantly reduced Cd concentration in the shoots of pakchoi in the Cd addition treatments(14.3%–54.1%), compared to the non-inoculated plants.Concentrations of Pb and Cd in the shoots of inoculated pakchois were all below the allowable limits of Chinese Food Safety Standard.The translocation factor of Pb or Cd increased significantly with increasing Pb or Cd addition levels, while there was no significant difference among the three AMF inocula at each metal addition level. Meanwhile, compared with the non-inoculated plants, AMF inocula significantly increased soil p H, electrical conductivity, and Pb or Cd concentrations in soil organic matter in the soils at the highest Pb or Cd dose after harvest of pakchoi, whereas the proportion of bioavailable Pb or Cd fraction declined in the AMF inoculated soil. Our study provided the first evidence that AM fungi colonized the roots of pakchoi and indicated the potential application of AMF in the safe production of vegetables in Pb or Cd contaminated soils.  相似文献   

15.
Essential oil quality, quantity, and antioxidant capacity of foliar fertilized Matricaria recutita L., grown on industrially polluted with cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) soil were studied. The polluted field is near the waste depository of ferrous metallurgical combine “Kremikovci”. Content of Cd and Pb in the soil exceeded permissible concentrations 4.6 and 2.0 times, respectively. The presence of high levels of heavy metals in the soil resulted in retained plant growth. In M. recutita grown on industrially polluted soil, a decrease of root and shoot dry biomass and reduction of number of lateral steams was observed. Otherwise, the number and biomass of flowers per plant increased. Antioxidant defense in the foliar fertilized plants grown on industrially polluted soil could due mainly to increased levels of peroxidases with substrates ascorbate, glutathione, guaiacol, and hydrogen peroxide. Enhanced levels of Cd and Pb in soil did not influence essential oil yield and quality of chamomile.  相似文献   

16.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1397-1411
Abstract

The objective of the experiment was to examine response of immature apple trees to application of mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizer on replant problem soil. The study was carried out during 2001–2003 under a greenhouse on ‘Jonagold’ apple trees/M.9 EMLA planted singly in 50 L polyethylene containers filled with a sandy loam soil with low status of both organic matter and phosphorus (P) in soil solution. This soil originated from an apple orchard unfertilized with P for 23 years. The biological test showed the presence of specific replant disease in the soil. Immediately before apple tree planting, the soil was mixed with MAP at rates of 1, 2, and 3 g L? 1. Trees grown in the soil untreated with MAP served as a control. Each year apple trees were drip-irrigated and supplied with nitrogen (N) at differentiated rates to achieve a level of 50 g N per plant. The results showed that MAP application increased soil solution P status. Simultaneously, MAP supply at rates of 2 and 3 g L? 1 caused a drop in soil pH value in the last two years of the experiment. MAP treatments increased both dry weight and length of fine roots (< 2 mm in diameter), vigor of trees, the number of flower clusters per tree, flower intensity, the number of fruits per tree, and P concentrations in leaf and fruit tissues. Fruits from MAP-supplied trees were firmer than those of the control trees. Mean fruit weight, titratable acidity, and soluble solids concentration of ‘Jonagold’ apples at harvest were not influenced by MAP treatment. Fruits from MAP-supplied apple trees had increased calcium concentration only in one year. It is concluded that pre-plant application of MAP at a rate of 1g L? 1can be recommended on coarse-textured soils with low P status in soil solution to increase precocity of apple trees. However, MAP-supplied apple trees have to be watered to avoid the risk of osmotic stress.  相似文献   

17.
Grain characteristic, chemical composition, and functional properties of rye were measured in 19 different cultivars grown in one location in up to 3 years. The cultivars included 8 adapted hybrids, 7 adapted population cultivars, and 4 nonadapted population cultivars. The results showed a significant influence of both harvest year and genotype on grain characteristics, chemical composition, and functional properties of the grain. Multivariate data analysis confirmed that the variations in the data were explained by yearly and genotype differences. Calculations of variance components showed that the variations in plant height, harvest yield, and protein content were mainly due to genotype differences and to a lesser extent to differences among harvest years. The kernel weight, hardness index, and content of dietary fiber components, however, were more strongly influenced by the harvest year than by the genotype. Differences in starch properties measured by falling number (FN), amylograph peak viscosity, and temperature at peak viscosity were more strongly influenced by harvest year. The water absorption was strongly influenced by genotype effects, compared to yearly differences. FN and amylograph peak temperature were positively correlated (r = 0.94). No correlation was found between the water absorption and the relative proportion of water-extractable arabinoxylan (AX) compared to the total AX content. However, the degree of ferulic acid cross-linking showed a negative correlation (r = -0.70) with the water absorption.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

This investigation was conducted during two successive seasons (2014/2015) and (2015/2016) using 15?years old productive mango (Mangifera indica) trees cv. Zebda. The trees were grown at AlMalak Valley Farm, El-Sharkeya Governorate- Egypt (30–51° North; 32–53° East). Trees were planted 8?×?8 meter within and between rows in sandy soil under drip irrigation system using the Nile water. The objective of this study is to alleviate alternate bearing in cv. Zebda using mineral nutrients (nitrogen in the on year and boron in the off year). Treatments included three concentrations of nitrogen (1000, 1250, 1500?g/tree/year) and three concentrations of boron (0.0, 250, 500?mg L?1). Nitrogen was applied to the soil as ammonium sulfate and boron was applied as foliar spray of boric acid. The extra amount of nitrogen fertilizer (250 and 500?g N/tree) was applied at three installments in (May, June and July). Treatment was arranged in a factorial Completely Randomized Block Design with three replicates for each treatment. Results show that the on-year nitrogen fertilization significantly increased mango tree vegetative growth (number of shoot/branch, shoot length, shoot thickness, number of leaves/meter and leaf area) and yield. The average yield in the on year is 85.5?kg/tree at 1250?g N/tree but 67.4?Kilogram/tree at 1000?g N/tree (the control treatment). While in the off year boron foliar application resulted in a significant increase in flowering, initial fruit set, final fruit set and fruit yield. The average yield in the off year is 47?kg/tree at 250?mg L?1 boron but 9?kg/tree at 0.0?mg L?1 boron rate (the control treatment).The interaction treatment of 250?mg L?1 boron + 1500?g nitrogen/tree is the best treatment as it resulted in the highest values for all the tested parameters. The average yield of this treatment is 53.5?kg/tree. This treatment helps alleviate alternate bearing phenomenon by 41% and obtain the highest economic yield in the off-year, i.e. increased yield by 5.9 fold.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this study was to assess soil tillage methods by years interaction for harvest index (HI) of maize (Zea mays L.) grown in West Poland by the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model. The study comprised four soil tillage methods, analysed in 12 years through field trials arranged in a randomised complete block design, with four replicates. HI of the tested soil tillage methods varied from 0.354 to 0.692 throughout the 12 years, with an average of 0.530. In the variance analysis, 57.06% of the total harvest index variation was explained by years, 2.39% by differences between soil tillage methods, and 8.71% by soil tillage methods by years interaction. HI is highly influenced by year factors. The method of reduced conventional tillage [autumn shallow ploughing (15 cm), cultivator with string roller in spring] was the most stable (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction stability value, ASV=0.410) for the HI values among studied soil tillage methods. This result confirms the opinion on the possibility of shallowing autumn ploughing in the cultivation of maize for grain.  相似文献   

20.
Results from a five year survey of honeybush (Cyclopia genistoides) in the Cape Floral Kingdom, South Africa, showed that concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the top growth of mature plants grown from seedlings were 1.29, 0.05, 0.53, 0.22 and 0.09%, respectively. Removal rates at each harvest were 8.23, 0.32, 3.38, 1.40 and 0.57 g of the respective elements per plant. These quantities were equivalent to 48% to 61% of the total mass of each element in the plant. Concentrations in the top growth of sodium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc and boron were, respectively, 1423, 16, 172, 5, 12 and 23 mg kg?1. Seedlings of C. genistoides reached their peak mass around five years after planting, and attained higher dry masses in plantations than in the open veld. Mature, plantation-grown C. genistoides plants yielded around 638 g of top growth dry mass per plant at each harvest.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号