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1.
The influence of oil and remediation methods on soil algal cenoses was studied. The oil pollution caused the reconstruction of the soil algocenoses with the alteration of the species composition and a decrease in the number of alga cells and biomass. The diatoms and yellow-green algae turned out to be the most sensitive to the oil pollution; the cyanobacteria and green algae were less sensitive to it. The bioremediation lowered the toxic effect of the oil on the algae and restored their floristic composition on the 90th day. In the course of the whole experiment, the number of alga cells and the biomass increased. The Lenoil preparation was accepted as the most efficient.  相似文献   

2.
A commercial blue-green algae inoculant (Genesis II) for improving the N content of soils was applied to basalt and pumice soils in a greenhouse pot test with orchardgrass, pinegrass, Douglasfir, and ponderosa pine. Treatments were control (deionized water), live algae, killed algae, live algae plus P, K and S and P, K and S only. Plant biomass yields with live inoculant generally were significantly greater than with the control treatment but were the same as with killed inoculant. Live algae plus P, K and S further enhanced productivity. P, K and S alone produced no increase over the control treatment. Response to the inoculant compared to the control appears to be a result of addition of nutrients present in the inoculant stock solution. Further biomass increases with the P, K and S plus live algae treatment compared to live and dead algae treatments occurred because these nutrients became limiting as N was added. Total organic-N and total C in surface soils were similar in all treatments.When the stock solution was sampled via culture methods, the most prominent species found was Chlorella, a green alga. Anabaena, an N2 fixing blue-green alga, produced less than one colony per plate on the average. Phormidium, a blue-green alga not found in the inoculant, was dominant on the soil surface at the end of the test suggesting a soil origin for this species. Results indicate that Genesis II probably has very limited potential to enhance blue-green algal populations and, consequently, N of the forest soils used in this test.  相似文献   

3.
周绪申  林超  罗阳 《农业环境保护》2010,(10):1884-1891
2009年对滦河水库系统潘家口-大黑汀水库的浮游植物时空变化特征进行研究,结果表明,潘家口-大黑汀水库共监测到浮游植物8门34科62属,其中本次研究共发现库区新记录藻类11属;种类最多的为绿藻门和硅藻门,分别有27属和14属,分别占32.4%和23.5%;其中优势种类为8属,常见种类为17属,次常见或稀有种类为37属。藻密度在春末和夏初较小,在秋季的8、9月生长量达到最大,在冬季又开始降低,以潘家口坝上样点为例,5月藻密度为160.9万个.L-1,9月藻密度1 721.27万个.L-1;春季主要的优势类群为硅甲藻,夏季为隐硅藻,秋季为蓝绿藻,夏秋季节的优势属为假鱼腥藻（蓝藻门）。藻类分布存在空间性差异,种类最多的样点（下池）共发现43属,种类最少的样点（大黑汀库区）仅发现20属。与20世纪80年代的调查结果相比,47属为共有浮游植物,相似性系数为64.8%,浮游植物群落结构由硅藻型向蓝-绿藻型转变,其中变化最大的样点为潘家口坝上,相似性系数仅为29.4%,藻类密度增加了近20倍,总磷和总氮浓度分别增加1.41倍和3.63倍,潘家口-大黑汀水库富营养化程度呈加剧趋势。  相似文献   

4.

Purpose

Algae play an important role in degraded areas during the initial stages of soil formation by improving its physico-chemical properties, reducing the erosion of soil, and thus favoring the settlement of vascular plants. This study investigates the characters of soil algal communities on copper tailing dumps and discusses the contribution of soil algae to the primary succession progress of young mine tailings ecosystems.

Materials and methods

Five representative potential successional series (bare land, algae crust, mixed algal–moss crust, moss crust, and vegetated site) on copper tailing dumps and a nearby reference site were selected. The soil algae were identified using growth slide method, dilution plate method, and by direct microscopic observation of the soil suspensions. All experiments were carried in an incubation chamber at a temperature of 25 °C and with a 16 h/8 h light–dark cycle at a light intensity of 3,000 lux.

Results and discussion

A total of 120 algal species were recorded. Cyanophyta (blue-green algae) were the most diverse taxonomic group, followed by Bacillariophyta (diatoms) and Chlorophyta (green algae), although diatoms were absolutely absent in bare sites. Diversity of soil algae was highest in vegetated site, whereas it was lowest in bare sites. Total algal abundance ranged between 0.15?×?103 cells/g to 46.8?×?103 cells/g dry soil, with the lowest abundance in the youngest site and the highest abundance in the mixed algal–moss crust site. Correlation analysis showed that the growth of soil algae was inhibited by high Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations and low nutrient content and that the green algae were more sensitive to nutrient content than blue-green algae.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that blue-green algae were most diverse, followed by diatoms and green algae. Species and abundance of soil algae in the tailings increased with the early succession process because of the decrease in heavy metal content and the improvement of nutrient conditions. The growth of soil algae created conditions for the settlement and growth of higher plants, but the appearance of moss and vascular plants inhibited the growth of soil algae.  相似文献   

5.
RDX was not acutely toxic to the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum when tested at the solubility limit of the compound in algal assay media. A maximum reduction of 38% in cell density occurred after a 96-h exposure to 36.7 mg L?1; thus, an EC50 could not be determined. The lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) and no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) for the green alga were 4.8 and 0.5 mg L?1 (reduction in cell density), respectively, when chronic end points were used to analyze the data. A comparison of the data in this study with RDX toxicity data from the literature for the diatom Navicula pelliculosa, and the blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabeana flos-aquae shows that S. capricornutum is the most sensitive to RDX. A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) numerical water quality criterion Final Plant Value based on the green alga data should protect the above algal groups.  相似文献   

6.
Preliminary studies were made to evaluate the role of the blue-green algae in flooded rice soils in the Jogjakarta district of central Java. They included identification of the components of the blue-green algal populations and the effects of fertilizers. The main findings were: (1) members of the families Nostocaceae (7 genera and 12 species recognized) and Oscillatoriaceae (8 genera and 18 species) were generally more abundant than other families; (2) application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers affected the composition (reduction in numbers of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae) and total size of the populations (increase in algal biomass); (3) a major role for blue-green algae in the N-economy of flooded soils was indicated.  相似文献   

7.
Cluster analysis was used to group samples collected from ten stations in Moses Lake, Washington, according to the similarity of their contained algal species. During the period 1968 to 1970, nine recurring distinct sample groups, or algal populations, were identified. Of the nine, three were most distinct; they consistently recurred at the same stations, and were dominated by diatom, green, and blue-green algae, respectively. Of the six species of blue-greens that characterized that population, the recreationally nuisance forms,Aphanizomenon flos-aquae andMicrocystis aeruginosa, were dominant. The blue-green population was the most widespread in the lake and occurred in waters that were warmest and contained the lowest concentrations of inorganic nutrients: N, P, and C. Green algae dominated in waters that received treated sewage effluent and contained relatively high concentrations of nutrients. As the nutrient content declined when proceeding away from that area, blue-green algae became dominant. Temporal variation in biomass (chlorophyll content) of the blue-green population was inversely related to phosphate content, but not to the other nutrients. These results support the hypothesis that nuisance blue-green algae dominate in shallow eutrophic lakes during warm summer months when ambient nutrient content is low because, under these conditions, they apparently out-compete other forms for nutrients. In shallow unstable eutrophic lakes like Moses Lake, the nutrient supply rate from sediments may be considered great although ambient concentrations are low which allow the dominating blue-green population to reach a large biomass, e. g., maximums as high as 300 µg l?1 chlorophyll were observed. Because correlation analysis andin situ bioassays showed that biomass of blue-green algae was most closely related to inorganic phosphate even at times when nitrate was very low and invariable, we suggest that phosphorus availability is most critical to biomass formation. Control of ambient phosphorus content, therefore, would be most apt to result in a reduction in maximum biomass of the blue-greens. Phosphorus control would be unlikely to alter algal dominance in this shallow lake, however, since blue-greens seem to be generally favored over other populations by reduction in nutrient concentration during warm weather.  相似文献   

8.
Summary A field trial was set up to examine the effect of green manuring, blue-green algae, and neem-cake-coated urea on a rice crop. Summer green manuring using Sesbania aculeata increased the crop yield. Inoculation of blue-green algae increased the rice grain yield when 60 kg N ha-1 was applied as prilled urea, but the increase in grain yield was greater when 60 kg N ha-1 was applied as neem-cake-coated urea. The results of the present study show that applications of green manure, neem-cake-coated urea, and blue-green algae are complementary and that the three treatments can be used together in the rice ecosystem. The green manure and the fertilizer treatments had no effect on the algal flora of the soil.  相似文献   

9.
Summary Blue-green algal (Nostoc muscorum) or bryophyte (Barbula recurvirostra) growth on the surface of a brown earth silt loam contained in flooded columns significantly increased soil C (+20.9% and ±23.0%, respectively) and soil N (+25.1% and +9.6%, respectively) after 5 weeks in the surface 0.7-cm soil layer. Differences in the lower layers were not significant since there was no movement of C or N metabolites down the profile, even after 21 weeks. The input of C by the inoculated blue-green algae was estimated at 0.48 Mg C 100-1 g soil or 0.45g C ha-1; the bryophyte growth gave 0.5 Mg C ha-1. N fixation by the blue-green algae alone was estimated at 60 kg N ha-1 after 5 weeks of growth. Blue-green algae associated with bryophyte growth had fixed 23 kg N ha-1 after 5 weeks, rising to 40 kg ha-1 after 21 weeks. Decomposition of the bryophyte biomass led to a significant increase in the dry weight (+16.8%) and the N uptake (+27.5%) of spring oil-seed rape planted in homogenised soil. In contrast, soil incorporation of the blue-green algal biomass had no significant effect on yield. The equivalent mineralized N from the blue-green algal and bryophyte incorporation was estimated as 24 and 58 kg N ha-1, respectively.  相似文献   

10.
Crude glycerol is the primary byproduct of the biodiesel industry. Producing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) through fermentation of the alga Schizochytrium limacinum on crude glycerol provides a unique opportunity to utilize a large quantity of this byproduct. The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of impurities contained in the crude glycerol on DHA production and algal biomass composition. Crude glycerol streams were obtained from different biodiesel refineries. All of the glycerol samples contained methanol, soaps, and various elements including calcium, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, sodium, and zinc. Both methanol and soap were found to negatively influence algal DHA production; these two impurities can be removed from culture medium by evaporation through autoclaving (for methanol) and by precipitation through pH adjustment (for soap). The glycerol-derived algal biomass contained 45-50% lipid, 14-20% protein, and 25% carbohydrate, with 8-13% ash content. Palmitic acid (C16:0) and DHA were the two major fatty acids in the algal lipid. The algal biomass was rich in lysine and cysteine, relative to many common feedstuffs. Elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma showed that boron, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, sodium, and sulfur were present in the biomass, whereas no heavy metals (such as mercury) were detected in the algal biomass. Overall, the results show that crude glycerol was a suitable carbon source for algal fermentation. The crude glycerol-derived algal biomass had a high level of DHA and a nutritional profile similar to that of commercial algal biomass, suggesting a great potential for using crude glycerol-derived algae in omega-3-fortified food or feed.  相似文献   

11.
The Algal Assay Procedure Bottle Test was used to investigate the effect of Cd, Cu, and Cr (VI) on the growth of Nile water algae. The results of this investigation indicated that Cd has slight inhibitory effects on algal growth at low concentration (0.05 mg L?1), while it was inhibiting algal growth at higher concentration (> 1.0 mg L?1). In contrast, Cu and Cr did not affect algal growth in all investigated concentrations. Combinations of Cd with Cu and Cr seemed to interact synergistically. The synergism between Cd and Cu was more pronounced than between Cd and Cr. Clear changes in the diversity and redundancy of algal structure took place after metal addition. The inhibitory effect of the studied metals was in the following order: Cd-Cu > Cd - Cr > Cd > Cu > Cr.  相似文献   

12.

Background and Scope  

Lake sediment contains information on the historical development and former conditions of lakes, which is very useful when information about the undisturbed (reference) conditions of a lake is needed. Phytoplankton contains a range of different pigments, some of which are specific for individual algal groups and can be used as diagnostic markers. Phytoplankton pigments in lake sediments are indicators of prototrophic changes in lakes, since the pigments document changes in algae biomass and the composition of phytoplankton communities. Lake sediments can be dated along with pigment analysis by use of the naturally occurring radioactive isotope210Pb.  相似文献   

13.
Summary The influence of surface growth of inoculated cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) on subsurface properties of a brown earth, silt loam soil was studied in reconstituted flooded soil columns. One blue-green algae species, Nostoc muscorum, become dominant within the first 7 days of inoculation. In light control columns (not inoculated) a bryophyte, Barbula recurvirostra, was dominant although significant growth of indigenous blue-green algae occurred. The blue-green algae counts were in the range of 1×106 g-1 dry soil in the surface layer (0–0.7 cm) in both columns. Any effect of surface phototrophic growth on soil properties was restricted to the surface layer. In inoculated columns there was a twofold increase in microbial biomass and an eightfold increase in bacterial numbers by week 13. However, bacterial numbers declined so that there was only a 2.8-fold increase by week 21. Dehydrogenase (x2.1), urease (x2.8) and phosphatase (x3.1) activities and polysaccharides (+69%) increased by week 21 as a result of the blue-green algae inoculation along with a significant improvement in soil aggregation. However, similar increases occurred in the light control columns, indicating that given appropriate conditions of light and moisture indigenous species may be ultimately as effective as introduced species in bringing about biochemical and microbiological changes to soil.  相似文献   

14.
The halophilic green alga Dunaliella salina has the potential to be cultivated for beta-carotene-rich biomass, however, open-air systems need to be further improved in order to become more competitive and more economical, rather than leave the major beta-carotene consuming market derived from artificially synthesis. A set of daily collection ratios was designed and scaled up with the aim to harvest cell biomass and beta-carotene from D. salina at logarithmic phase; the yields were comparable to the normal culture without daily removal of culture. Daily collection of 1/7.5 volume of algal culture was found to be appropriate to keep the balance between the cell biomass and beta-carotene accumulation. Light intensity as one of the important factors would affect both cell growth and beta-carotene content synchronously. Further, the method of recycling 1/7.5 volume of culture after removal of algae cells was developed in order to decrease input cost for the effective production of beta-carotene, and both the resulting yields of the cell biomass and beta-carotene gained an advantage over those from the normal D. salina culture.  相似文献   

15.
The epiphytic algal community growing onLobelia dortmanna L. was studied in two acidified lakes in southwestern Sweden from May through October 1980; Lake Gårdsjön (pH 4.3 to 4.7) and L. Högsjön (pH 6.3 to 6.7 after liming in 1978/79). In both lakes a layer of firmly attached diatoms,Eunotia veneris andE. rhomboidea, covered theLobelia leaves. Scanning electron microscope study revealed a mucoid matrix, and in L. Gårdsjön, heavy cover of detritus. The spring period in L. Gårdsjön was characterized by red algaBatrachospermum sp., which was followed by the appearance ofBinuclearia sp., andMougeotia spp. Blue-green algae appeared during the warmer period of the year. The spring period in L. Högsjön was characterized by the development of desmids. Diatoms dominated the community in the summer while green algae appeared in autumn. The biomass in L. Gårdsjön showed spring and late summer maxima, while in L. Högsjön it increased gradually reaching a maximum in autumn. Chlorophylla concentration was highest in L. Gårdsjön in late summer. Primary productivity rates calculated per unit substrate surface area at 1.0 m depth were highest in early summer and decreased in late summer. The results suggest that the liming of L. Högsjön caused significant structural changes in the epiphytic community, favoring diatoms and green algae, especially desmids. Blue-green algae were characteristic for L. Gårdsjön despite that lake's low pH. Productivity rates at 1.0 m depth show similar trends in both lakes.  相似文献   

16.
An algal toxicity bioassay using a continuous culture was investigated with respect to the herbicide gardoprim (triazine) and patoran (phenylurea) in order to evaluate the effect of increasing dosages of applied herbicides upon growth, residual herbicide and herbicide accumulation in Nile water algae. Growth patterns exhibited by algae under continuous culture conditions reflect the ability of the algae to overcome inhibitory effects of the herbicides. Nile water algae showed variable ability to accumulate different herbicide. As the herbicide concentratrion increased, the accumulation increased especially for paron. Nile water algae accumulated patron and gardoprim to concentrations of 0.75 and 0.3 mg g-1, respectively. Considerable change occurred in the algal diversity and redundancy after each increase in herbicide concentration. Diversity and redundancy of genera and their recovery varied according to the type of herbicide, its concentration and contact time.  相似文献   

17.
During the study on the distribution of blue-green algae which was carried out to evaluate the practical significance of nitrogen fixation by blue-green algae in the nitrogen economy of paddy soils, some soils, in which the autochthonous algae could not grow vigorously, and as a matter of course, their nitrogen fixation was also Very poor notwithstanding every encouraging treatment such as fertilization by potassium phosphate, adjustment of soil reaction by calcium carbonate or inoculation of a nitrogen-fixing blue-green alga, were found.  相似文献   

18.
The objectives of this study were algal control and health assessments in a temperate eutrophic reservoir. Laboratory and mesocosm-scale in situ top-down biomanipulation experiments using planktivorous fishes and filter-feeding macroinvertebrates were conducted along with identification of the limiting nutrient using nutrient enrichment bioassays (NEBs), and ecosystem health evaluation based on the modified index of biological integrity model (Reservoir Ecosystem Health Assessment; REHA). Nutrients and N/P ratio analyses during 5 years revealed that the reservoir was in a eutrophic–hypertrophic state and that the key limiting nutrients, based on the NEBs, varied among seasons. Reservoir trophic guilds indicated declines in sensitive and endemic fish species and dominance of tolerant omnivores. Model values from multimetric REHAs averaged 25.8, indicating that the ecological health was in “fair to poor” condition. Overall microcosm biomanipulation tests suggested that macroinvertebrates, specifically Palaemon paucidens and Caridina denticulata, were effective candidates for phytoplankton control, compared to fishes. In situ mesocosm experiments revealed the highest removal rates with bluegreen algae and a phytoplankton size fraction of 2–19 μm (R e?>?90%, Mann–Whitney U?=?64.5–74.0, p?<?0.01), the dominant fractions in the reservoir. Our biomanipulation technique may provide a key tool for efficient management and restoration of eutrophied reservoirs.  相似文献   

19.
In the desert areas of China investigated by the authors, various biological crusts were predominately associated with three blue-green algal (cyanobacterial) species, Microcoleus vaginatus Gom., Phormidium tenue (Menegh.) Gom. and Scytonema javanicum (Kütz.) Born et Flah. Their biomass and their compressive strength were measured simultaneously in the field in this study. It was also found that the compressive strength of algal crusts was enhanced with the increasing of algal biomass from an undetectable level to a value as high as 9.6 mg g−1 dry soil. However, when the algal biomass decreased, the compressive strength did not descend immediately, but remained relatively steady. The higher the algal biomass became, the thicker were the algal crusts formed. Given the same biomass, the highest compressive strength of man-made algal crusts in fields was found at an algal ratio of 62.5% M. vaginatus, 31.25% P. tenue and 6.25% S. javanicum, and it reached 0.89 kg cm−2. When the biomass of the crusts increased above the value of 8.16 mg chla g−1 dry soil, the compressive strength would not ascend easily. It indicated that the compressive strength of man-made algal crusts appeared temporarily saturated in the field.  相似文献   

20.
为了探明库布齐沙漠东缘荒漠藻人工生物结皮的光谱特性,采用HR1024地物光谱仪,测定研究区包括荒漠藻在内的主要地物光谱数据,分析内蒙古林业科学研究院达拉特旗沙漠综合科学研究站不同年份接种的荒漠藻黑色、绿色结皮及裸沙、沙打旺、油蒿、沙柳的光谱特性及其变化规律.结果表明：1）沙打旺、油蒿、沙柳3种绿色植物光谱曲线与健康植被光谱曲线相近,“红边”位置明显,但荒漠藻黑色、绿色结皮及裸沙的光谱反射率变化比较平缓.2）荒漠藻绿色结皮表现出绿色植物所具有的光谱曲线变化特点;荒漠藻黑色结皮与绿色结皮光谱反射率相比,总的变化趋势为,在350～ 710 nm波段之间,黑色结皮光谱反射率较绿色结皮高,在710～1350nm波段之间,黑色比绿色结皮的光谱反射率低.  相似文献   

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