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1.
Iron, zinc, and calcium dialyzability and ascorbic acid (AA) concentrations were evaluated in milk and yogurt fortified with FeNaEDTA (FE) or ferrous sulfate (FS) as a control, with or without AA addition. The values obtained for FE iron dialyzability in milk were much higher than those obtained for FS. The addition of AA to milk improved Fe dialyzability when using FS and slightly decreased Fe dialyzability in the FE-fortified nonfermented samples. Milk fermentation increased iron availability from both iron sources. Zinc and calcium dialyzability in products containing any of the two iron sources was increased in fermented milks. EDTA improved Zn dialyzability from intrinsic zinc in every manufactured dairy product. Whereas for milks fortified with FS and stored at 4 degrees C for 24 h, the AA content remained close to the original concentration, a higher AA degradation was observed when milks were fortified with FE.  相似文献   

2.
Cereals are introduced to infants between the ages of 4 and 6 months to supplement breast milk and follow-on formula. Our objectives were to examine the content and in vitro availability of Fe, Ca, and Zn from five commercially available infant cereals mixed with water or follow-on formula before and after dephytinization. We estimated the bioaccessibility by measuring the soluble or dialyzable mineral fraction resulting from in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of the sample. For most infant cereals analyzed, dephytinization increased the in vitro availability of iron and zinc. This finding was especially dramatic among infant cereals mixed with follow-on formula rather than with water. However, the liquid used for reconstitution did not always show a significant (p < 0.05) interaction with phytase addition and in vitro mineral availability. The results of this study indicate that adding follow-on formula to infant cereals does not improve the bioaccessibility of iron, calcium, and zinc, despite the increase in mineral content it implies. Results obtained also showed that mineral solubility and dialyzability do not always follow parallel trends.  相似文献   

3.
The effect of the removal of alpha-galactosides from Lupinus albus L. var. multolupa on the chemical composition of the prepared flour and the dialyzability of N, total P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn was studied. The extraction process caused a significant increase in total and insoluble nitrogen contents and decreased the amount of soluble protein nitrogen. However, neither these changes nor treatment with phytase seemed to considerably affect in vitro protein digestibility. Except for Ca and Cu, total mineral contents were significantly reduced by the extraction process. The process also caused a significant reduction in the dialyzability of all the minerals studied except P. The decrease in mineral dialyzability was partially counteracted by phytase treatment in amounts of 250-500 phytase units/kg of lupin flour. In the case of Fe, mineral dialyzability did not differ significantly between the two lupin flours studied with treatment with 500 phytase units/kg. Zinc dialyzability was the most efficiently improved by phytase treatment (P < 0.0001), followed by P, Fe, and Mn, and finally by Ca and Mg (P < 0.05).  相似文献   

4.
The effect of natural and controlled fermentation with an inoculum of Lactobacillus plantarum and additional thermal treatment (dry heat at 120 degrees C for 20 min) on the availability of N, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg from Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. carrilla was estimated using an in vitro method based on equilibrium dialysis. Natural and controlled fermentations caused significant reductions in the pH and phytate content (36%) of the bean flours, with a concomitant increase in the titratable acidity and free phosphorus content, and had no effect on the other nutrients studied. The percentage of dialyzable N, P, Cu, and Mg was significantly improved by both types of fermentation, whereas Zn dialyzability was significantly reduced. The greatest reduction was observed for the bean flour fermented with an inoculum of L. plantarum. The percentage of dialyzable Fe improved significantly as a result of natural fermentation but was not affected by controlled fermentation. The application of dry heat at 120 degrees C for 20 min caused a significant increase in Fe dialyzability and a further reduction in the percentage of dialyzable Zn in fermented bean flours but did not affect the dialyzability of the other nutrients studied.  相似文献   

5.
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv RTX430, SC214, SC574, SC599, TAM428, and SC326xSC103] were grown on soils of pH 4.2 or 6.2–6.5. Leaf and nonexserted juvenile panicle tissues were collected at 75 days after planting. Fresh and dry weights were measured and element contents [sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu)] were measured by atomic absorption. Significant cultivar differences in ion concentration (μmol/g dry weight) were found. Juvenile panicles had higher ion concentration (μmol/g dry weight) [S, P, Mg, Ca, K, Zn, and Cu) than leaves. Within leaf tissue, ion concentration (μmol/g dry weight) was correlated with tissue water content (g water/g dry weight).  相似文献   

6.
为探究铁、锌不同浓度配施对藿香生长、产量及有效成分的影响,以藿香为试验材料,采用双因素随机区组设计,研究铁锌配施对藿香生长、产量、各部位铁锌分配及挥发油含量的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施铁锌肥能显著影响藿香的生长发育、产量和挥发油成分,显著影响藿香的抗氧化酶活性,显著提高淀粉、还原糖、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,通过影响氮代谢相关酶活性间接影响植株氮代谢过程。叶面施铁对藿香产量的影响大于叶面施锌,铁锌配施的增产效果优于单独施用铁、锌肥;综合考虑藿香的生长和产量指标,认为Fe1Zn1(0.2%铁,0.1%锌)为铁锌配施的最优处理组合。施用锌铁肥能够增加藿香各部位的铁锌含量,锌在不同部位的含量呈叶>根>茎的变化趋势,铁在不同部位的含量呈根>叶>茎的变化趋势,锌主要集中在藿香叶片,而铁则主要集中在藿香根部。高浓度的叶面施铁有助于叶片Ca含量的累积。铁锌配施能显著提高藿香挥发油含量,并影响挥发油成分,其中D-柠檬烯含量最高,在Fe1Zn2处理时达到最大值(22.99%)。综上,合理配施铁锌肥能提高藿香主要化学成分的含量,但过高浓度的施用增产效果并不明显。本研究结果为铁锌肥在藿香生产中的应用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
采用营养液培养,研究了外源一氧化氮（NO）供体硝普钠(Sodium nitroprusside, SNP)对50 μmol/L铜（Cu）胁迫下番茄叶片叶绿素含量、光合特性、生物发光强度和矿质营养元素的影响。结果表明,在Cu胁迫下,外施100 μmol/L SNP显著提高番茄叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b含量、叶绿素a/b比值、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和叶片中Cu、Ca、Fe、Zn、Mn以及根系中Cu、K、Fe、Zn的含量; 显著降低叶片超微弱发光强度、荧光强度、磷光强度、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和根系中Ca的含量。然而,SNP对Cu胁迫下的缓解效应可被NO的清除剂血红蛋白所抑制。在Cu处理液中加入100 μmol/L NO-x（NO的分解产物）或100 μmol/L亚铁氰化钠（SNP的相似物或分解产物）,与Cu胁迫处理差异不显著。表明外源NO可以通过改善Cu胁迫下番茄叶片光合特性,降低超微弱发光、荧光、磷光强度,维持矿质营养元素平衡,缓解Cu胁迫对番茄的抑制作用。  相似文献   

8.
Critical concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) with respect to dry matter yield end antagonistic and synergistic relationships among these nutrients were studied in which tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) was grown in recirculating nutrient solution (NFT). Increments of nutrient elements in the nutrient solution increased the proportional rate of the corresponding nutrient elements. Increasing levels of N negatively correlated with plant P and positively correlated with Ca, Fe, and Zn. Iron and Mn contents of the plants were increased and N, K, Ca, and Mg were decreased as a function of P applied. Increases in K in the nutrient solution caused increases in the concentrations of K, N, P, and Zn, and decreases in the concentration of Ca and Fe. Applied Ca increased the concentrations of Ca and N, and decreased the concentrations of P, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn. Potassium, Ca, and Fe contents of the plants were decreased and Zn increased, while N, P, and Mn were not affected by the increasing levels of external Mg. Iron suppressed the plant Mg, Zn, and Mn contents. Synergism between Zn and Fe was seen, while P, K, Ca, Mg, and Mn contents were not affected by Zn levels. Potassium, Ca, Mg, and Fe were not responsive to applied Mn, however, N and P contents of the plants were decreased at the highest levels of Mn.  相似文献   

9.
The relationships among potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) contents in milled rice (Oryza stavia L.) of 274 genotypes and the relationships between these mineral element contents and other rice quality traits including 3 cooking quality traits, 17 amino acid contents, and protein content were investigated. The results showed that there were significant correlations among most of mineral element contents. Mg, Fe, and Mn contents were significantly correlated with most of the other mineral element contents, while Cu content had significantly negative associations with the K and Mg contents of rice. The relationships between mineral element contents and cooking quality traits showed that gel consistency (GC) was significantly correlated with K, Cu, and Mn contents of rice. Amylose content (AC) was significantly associated with K, Na, Mg, Cu, and Mn contents. The alkali spreading value (ASV) had closely positive relationships with Ca, Mg, and Mn contents. In addition, 8 mineral element contents had obvious correlations with different amino acid contents. Mg, Ca, and Zn contents were significantly correlated with most of the 17 amino acid contents, but Na content did not correlate with amino acid contents except aspartic acid of rice. Furthermore, significant associations were found between protein content and Na, Mg, Zn, Cu, or Mn content. Six principal components were extracted to explain 84.50% of the total variances and contained the information provided by the original 29 variables according to the principal component analysis.  相似文献   

10.
Several interelemental relationships have been examined in field‐cultivated wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Vergina) growing on naturally enriched copper (Cu) soils. Mean soil Cu concentration per site ranged from 103–394 μg.g‐1 dry weight (DW). Interrelationships between Cu, iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in the soil and plant tissue (roots, stems, and leaves) were examined using Principle Components Analysis. Soil samples were clustered according to collection site and were primarily differentiated according to their Cu concentrations. Soil Cu concentrations were positively correlated with Zn, Ca, Fe, and K in the soil, with Cu, K, and Ca in the roots, and Cu and Fe in the leaves and negatively correlated with Fe in the roots. The increase in Cu in the roots and leaves was positively correlated with increases in K and Ca in the roots and Fe and Ca in the leaves, but negatively with Fe in the roots. Increases in leaf Ca concentrations were correlated with increases in Mg and decreases in Zn concentrations in the leaf. Plants growing in soil with high Cu concentration exhibited toxicity symptoms with reduced height, decreased total leaf area and lower chlorophyll concentrations. Photosynthesis expressed per unit leaf area was not affected by increasing Cu concentrations in the soil or plant tissue.  相似文献   

11.
This study evaluated effects of drought stress on the concentrations of mineral elements in the leaves of different ecotypes of castor plant. The experimental design was a split-plot randomized complete block with three replications. It was carried out at Fozveh Agricultural Research Station located 20 km from Esfahan, Iran in 2014. The main plot was four levels of water stress (30%, 45%, 60%, and 75% moisture content) and the sub-plot was six castor plant ecotypes (Esfahan, Ardestan, Arak, Naein, Yazd, and Ahwaz). The potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) contents were measured and found to be significantly affected by drought stress. Drought stress increased K, Ca and Na contents and decreased Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mg contents of the plants. Various ecotypes of castor plant showed different reactions to drought stress and the Fe concentration varied significantly by the castor plant ecotypes. Interaction between water stress and ecotypes was significant only for Cu and Zn. Understanding the element concentrations under drought stress can be useful for predicting growth and development of castor plants.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

A compost of high copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) content was added to soil, and the growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was evaluated. Four treatments were established, based on the addition of increasing quantities of compost (0, 2, 5, and 10% w/w). Germination, plant growth, biomass production, and element [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), Cu, manganese (Mn), and Zn] contents of soil and barley were determined following a 16‐week growing period. Following harvesting of the barley, analysis of the different mixtures of soil and compost was performed. Micronutrient contents in soils as affected by compost additions were determined with diethylene–triamine–pentaacetic acid (DTPA) (Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn) or ammonium acetate [Ca, Na, Mg, K, cation exchange capacity (CEC)] extractions, and soils levels were compared to plant uptake where appropriate. Increasing rates of compost had no affect on Ca, Mg, or K concentration in barley. Levels of Cu, Zn, Mn, and Na, however, increased with compost application. High correlations were found for DTPA‐extractable Cu and Zn with barley head and shoot content and for Mn‐DTPA and shoot Mn content. Ammonium acetate–extractable Na was highly correlated with Na content in the shoot. High levels of electrical conductivity (EC), Cu, Zn, and Na may limit utilization of the compost.  相似文献   

13.
The dry weight accumulation per male and female flower as well as the concentration per gram of dry weight and the accumulation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) were determined in walnut tree (Juglans regia L.) catkins and female flowers at the stage of flower bud and during the flower development. Catkin emergence was accompanied by a very fast hydration of the tissues. After the catkin matured, the fresh and dry weights were reduced. The female flower development period was accompanied by the dry and fresh weight increase. Total N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations in catkin buds were detected at lower levels, Mg in equal levels, and Ca at higher levels as compared to the nutrient concentrations in young growing leaves. The estimated values of the ratio NCmfb/NCygl were: total N = 0.54, P = 0.83, K = 0.56, Ca = 1.5, Mg = 1.0, Fe = 0.46, Mn = 0.71, Cu = 0.85, and Zn = 0.60. Nutrient concentration in female flower buds was detected in almost equal levels with the exception of total N and Fe. The estimated values of the ratio: NCffb/NCygl were: total N = 0.57, P = 1.1, K = 1.17, Ca = 1.06, Mg = 0.9, Fe = 0.47, Mn = 1.0, Cu = 0.92, and Zn = 0.85. Total N, P, Mn, Cu, and Zn accumulations in the catkin were increased during the fast growing phase and decreased after catkin maturing. Potassium, Mg, and Fe accumulation continued to increase in the mature catkin. Calcium accumulation decreased at a very late mature catkin phase. Total N, P, and K accumulation rates during the catkin fast growing phase were higher than the dry weight accumulation rate. Calcium, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn accumulation rates at the same period were lower or equal to dry weight accumulation rates. In mature catkins, the total N, P, Mn, Cu, and Zn depletion rates were higher than the dry weight depletion rate. The continual increase of K, Ca, Mg, and Fe accumulation in mature catkin resulted in the increase of nutrients concentration also. Total N and P showed the highest remobilization values from mature catkin of 51.4% and 45%, respectively. Calcium, K, Mg, Cu, Mn, and Zn remobilization values estimated to be 22.1%, 7.5%, 3.2%, 45.3%, 33.4%, and 31.8%, respectively. Iron showed no remobilization at all. Nutrients remobilization from catkins as compared to the leaves had almost similar values for total N, Zn, and Cu, higher for P, Ca, and Mn, and lower for Mg, Fe, and K. Accumulation of all nutrients in female flowers increased after fertilization. The dry weight accumulation rate was higher than the nutrient accumulation rates.  相似文献   

14.
The mutual effects of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) on growth, total chlorophyll (Chl), membrane permeability (MP), and nutrient content were investigated in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The soil was treated with five levels of B (0, 4, 8, 16, 32 mg kg?1) and three levels of Zn (0, 10, 20 mg kg?1). Plant growth was progressively depressed with increasing of B. However, Zn addition had an inhibitory effect on B toxicity and decreased growth reduction caused by excess B. In Zn-untreated plants, B and Zn contents were enhanced by increasing of B; moreover, both Zn and B addition enhanced Zn content. The Chl content decreased and MP increased, resulting from B toxicity; however, Zn addition partially ameliorated the adverse effects of B toxicity on Chl and MP. Increasing B enhanced phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), Zn, copper (Cu), and sodium (Na) contents in peanut shoots.  相似文献   

15.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10-11):2307-2319
Abstract

Iron deficiency is estimated to affect over one‐half the world population. Improving the nutritional quality of staple food crops through breeding for high bioavailable iron represents a sustainable and cost effective approach to alleviating iron malnutrition. Forty‐nine late maturing tropical elite maize varieties were grown in a lattice design with two replications in three locations representing three agroecologies in West and Central Africa to identify varieties with high levels of kernel‐Fe. Bioavailable iron was assessed for some varieties selected for high Fe concentration in kernel and improved agronomic traits using an in vitro digestion/Caco‐2 cell model. Significant differences in kernel‐Fe and ‐zinc concentration were observed among varieties (P < 0.001). Kernel‐Fe levels ranged from 16.8 to 24.4 mg kg?1, while kernel‐Zn levels ranged from 16.5 to 24.6 mg kg?1. Environment did not have a significant effect on kernel‐iron and ‐zinc levels, but genotype by environment (G × E) interaction was highly significant. The genetic component accounted for 12% of the total variation in kernel‐Fe and 29% for kernel‐Zn levels. Kernel‐Fe was positively correlated with kernel‐Zn (R 2 = 0.51, P < 0.0001). Significant differences in iron bioavailability were detected among selected Fe‐rich varieties grown at one location. Mean bioavailable Fe ranged between 30% below to 88% above the reference control variety. The results indicate that genetic differences exist in kernel‐Fe and ‐Zn concentrations and Fe bioavailability. These differences may be useful in biofortification intervention programs, but additional research is needed to determine the efficacy of iron‐rich maize varieties in alleviating iron deficiency in humans.  相似文献   

16.
A method for the analysis of seven mineral contents—that is, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu)—was investigated in some oilseeds like flax, sesame, pumpkin, quinoa, and yellow mustard. X-ray Spectral Analysis method with Spectrometer EDX-900HS was used for the analytical concentrations of the macro and micro elements of the oilseeds. A relatively high level of Zn content was found in sesame and pumpkin seeds, while the highest level of Fe content was found in mustard seeds. Regarding the macro elements (K, Ca, and P) content, the highest levels of concentration were found in flax and mustard seeds. The highest values of Cu were obtained in sesame seeds while those of Mn were in pumpkin and brown flax seeds. The results showed that the method is a reliable and simple analytical procedure to characterize mineral elements in oilseeds with a very high analytical performance.  相似文献   

17.
不同施钙措施对番茄果实钙含量和钙形态的影响   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  
在营养液中加钙及在花期、幼果期分别向花、叶、幼果喷施20mg.L萘乙酸(NAA)+0.5%CaCl2混合液能够显著增加果实钙含量,其中营养液高钙和喷叶处理增钙效果最好,喷幼果和喷花处理也有较明显的效果,3周大果喷钙对果实增钙效果不明显。增钙的同时,不同措施不同程度影响了果实K、Mg、P及某些微量元素的含量。果实增钙主要是增加了果胶酸钙含量,以营养液高钙、喷叶和喷幼果处理增加程度最高;各种施钙措施显著增加了果实Vc含量,降低了可滴定酸度,改善了果实品质。还探讨了不同施钙措施对植株各部位钙含量和果实钙含量的影响机理。  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

Recent research has indicated that land application of municipal sewage sludge to calcareous soils can be used to ameliorate iron (Fe) deficiency of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Monech]. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the response of grain sorghum grown on three different soils to application of sewage sludge. Sludge applied at rates of 0, 7.5, 15.0, and 25.0 g/kg soil did not completely ameliorate grain sorghum Fe deficiency. When FeEDDHA was soil applied, sewage sludge application significantly increased plant growth due to increases in soil phosphorus (P) availability. Application of sewage sludge at rates greater than 7.5 g/kg reduced dry matter production of grain sorghum in the FeEDDHA amended Orelia SC soil, the soil with the lowest total neutralizing potential. The decreases yield was possibly due to toxic levels of soil and plant copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), and increased soil salinity.  相似文献   

19.
Cranberry leaf tissue samples were analyzed annually over a 6-year period. Vines received varied nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates and were subjected to low or high weed pressure. With few exceptions, levels of N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and boron (B) were sufficient during the 6-year period. Calcium and B concentrations in cranberry vines treated with low, medium, or high rates of N were greater in areas with high weed pressure than in areas of low weed pressure. Levels of Zn and Mn were higher and K was lower in tissue collected from high weed areas in 4 out of 6 years. Calcium, Mg, Zn, Mn, B, and Fe levels were negatively correlated with increasing N rate. Overall, application of various N rates did not adversely affect cranberry leaf tissue nutrient content during the first 6 years.  相似文献   

20.
Humic acid (HA) might benefit plant growth by improving nutrient uptake and hormonal effects. The effect of HA on growth, macro—and micronutrient contents, and postharvest life of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) cv. ‘Malibu’ were examined. Different levels of humic acid (0, 100, 500, and 1000 mg/L) were applied to nutrient solution.

Root growth increased at 1000 mg/L HA incorporated into the solution. Macro- and micronutrient contents of leaves and scapes including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were significantly enhanced by HA. However, high levels of HA decreased some nutrient contents.

Five-hundred mg/L HA increased the number of harvested flowers per plant (52%). Higher HA levels extended the vase life of harvested flowers by 2—3.66 days and could prevent and delay bent neck incidence. These postharvest responses were most probably due to Ca accumulation in scapes and hormone-like activity of HA.  相似文献   

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