共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 906 毫秒
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分子标记及其在林木种质资源和遗传育种研究中的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
分子标记是一种新型的遗传标记,由于其独特的优越性,被广泛地应用于生物学研究的各领域。在全面、系统地介绍当前分子标记主要类型及特征的基础上,从指纹图谱的品种鉴别、群体遗传结构的分析、连锁图谱的构建及分子标记辅助选择育种等方面论述了分子标记在林木种质资源和林木遗传育种研究中的应用情况。分子标记为品种鉴别、亲缘关系确定、种质资源遗传结构状况等的研究提供最有效的方法和手段,在提高林木遗传育种效率、缩短育种周期、增强定向育种的可靠性等方面展现了广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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分子标记是一种新型的遗传标记 ,由于其独特的优越性 ,被广泛地应用于生物学研究的各领域。在全面、系统地介绍当前分子标记主要类型及特征的基础上 ,从指纹图谱的品种鉴别、群体遗传结构的分析、连锁图谱的构建及分子标记辅助选择育种等方面论述了分子标记在林木种质资源和林木遗传育种研究中的应用情况。分子标记为品种鉴别、亲缘关系确定、种质资源遗传结构状况等的研究提供最有效的方法和手段 ,在提高林木遗传育种效率、缩短育种周期、增强定向育种的可靠性等方面展现了广阔的应用前景 相似文献
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林木遗传图谱构建和数量性状基因定位 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
本文简要介绍了90年代以来利用RFLP和RAPD分子标记的构建林木的遗传连锁图谱,并应用高密度的遣传连锁图谱上的分子标记进行林木重要数量性状的QTL作图,进而阐明了控制多基因的数目,确定QTL在染色体上的位置,测定单个基因的作用效应,遗传连锁图谱构建和数量性状基因定位预示林木遗传育种研究将产生深刻的变革。 相似文献
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分子标记技术及其在林木遗传改良研究中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
分子标记是继形态标记、细胞标记和生化标记之后发展起来的一种新的较为理想的遗传标记形式,近年来发展非常迅速.本文对DNA限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)及随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)遗传标记技术的基本原理与特点进行了简要介绍.全面阐述了DNA分子标记技术在林木遗传连锁图谱构建、林木遗传资源研究、数量性状位点定位与分子标记辅助育种、目的基因追踪等研究方面的应用及前景. 相似文献
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分子标记在林业辅助选择育种中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文主要阐述分子标记在林木辅助选择育种中的应用。利用多种分子标记(RAPD,RFLP,AFLP,STS,SSR,STR等),可以在林木早期生长阶段对一些性状进行鉴别, 构建单种分子标记遗传连锁图谱或几种分子标记共存的混合连锁图谱和对控制数量性状的基因进行定位, 对林木群体遗传结构、遗传变异、遗传分化和基因流动进行研究, 在基因工程中, 能够追踪目的基因行为和对控制质量性状的基因进行鉴别, 对单株进行指纹图谱, 对种子质量进行监测和对品系、品种和无性系进行鉴定。 相似文献
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松树是世界上森林生态系统和人工林的重要树种,松树的遗传改良开展早,进展快,成效大.分子标记技术为缩短育种周期,提高育种效率提供了有力的工具.本文回顾了世界上松树分子标记遗传图谱构建、比较遗传作图、数量性状位点定位和标记辅助选择的研究进展.已经构建遗传连锁图的林木有13个属,近40个树种,其中松树占40%,而大多数松树遗传图谱仍然是不完整的,不能覆盖全基因组;比较遗传作图显示松属树种具有高度的遗传保守性;数量性状位点(QTL)定位表明,大多数性状的遗传基础存在着主效基因,为开展分子标记辅助选择提供了良好的基础.杂种松部分重要性状的遗传控制中存在着树种效应,对标记辅助选择和育种策略的制订具有指导意义. 相似文献
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综述了利用分子标记技术构建杨树、松树和桉树等速生树种遗传连锁图的研究进展,并提出了当前林木遗传作图中存在的主要问题。 相似文献
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M. D. Loveless 《New Forests》1992,6(1-4):67-94
Tropical forests have long been of interest to biologists because of their high species diversity and their complicated patterns of community organization. The traditional notion of the rain forest as an ancient, unvarying archive of species has been challenged by a host of recent ecological studies which have demonstrated that tropical trees are diverse in their reproductive biology and dynamic in their population structure.Data from 97 isozyme studies on the genetics of tropical woody species demonstrate that cultivated taxa maintain higher percentages of polymorphic loci and higher mean heterozygosities than native tropical species. Levels of within-population variation in tropical taxa are as high or higher than in plants in general, previously reviewed by Hamrick and Godt (1989). Levels of genetic variation differ significantly among species with different geographic ranges, life forms, and taxonomic affinities. Levels of population differentiation, measured by Gs, values, are significantly different only between species with different seed dispersal modes. Outcrossing rates in 16 tropical tree species showed a preponderance of highly outcrossed breeding systems. Genetic evidence suggests that gene flow among local populations is high, but geographically separated populations show moderate levels of genetic differentiation.Ecological and historical processes provide the mechanisms influencing the genetic architecture of plant species. Where appropriate, data on isozyme variation in tropical trees are related to breeding systems, seed dispersal mechanisms, demography, and patterns of environmental heterogeneity. Profitable avenues for future research are suggested. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):199-220
Rapid progress is being made in many areas of forest population genetics owing to the newly available molecular techniques and the fast growth of genomic and sequence data. This paper reviews the currently available genetic markers and their applications in studies on gene diversity, population structure and differentiation, gene flow, introgression, phylogeny and gene evolution. Various marker-based population analyses have highlighted the evolutionary history of many tree species. However, up to now, genetic markers have not fulfilled the expectations for studies on the adaptive variation and the effects of natural selection on forest tree populations. Studies based on integrated and extensive genome sampling, especially the coding regions of the genome, in combination with adaptive traits can potentially improve this situation. This would provide us with a comprehensive knowledge of the evolutionary mechanisms shaping the population changes, both adaptive and neutral. 相似文献
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Two clonal trial stands of Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) were used in this study, one was 19-year-old stand which included 38 clones, and the other was 17-year-old stand including 102 clones.The statistical analyses showed that there were very significant genetic variations in height, DBH,volume and ratio of heartwood(Rhw),wood basic density(ρb ) of the clones in the two stands. The repeatability of clones was in median to high level,and the genetic CV was different over the all five traits.There were very significant phenotypic and genetic correlations among height,DBH and volume,and negative correlations among growth, Rhw andρb.The selection method experiment indicated that index selection could improve volume, Rhw andρb,showing synthetically superior selection effects compared to any individual trait selection methods. 相似文献
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中国杨树分子遗传改良的研究现状 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
杨树是中国广泛栽培的重要造林树种之一 ,我国是世界上杨树资源丰富的国家 .杨树具有速生丰产、实用性强、无性繁殖能力强 ,且基因组较小等特点 ,现已成为研究林木生理和基因工程研究的模式树种 .该文概述了基因工程技术、遗传图谱构建、重要性状基因定位以及分子标记辅助选择育种等方面在中国杨树遗传改良中的应用研究进展 ,并对现代分子生物学技术在林木遗传改良应用中存在的主要问题和应用前景进行了讨论 相似文献
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统计列出了四川珍稀林木的种类和分布,阐明了其特点。通过遗传多样性研究方法及发展情况的论述,分析了四川珍稀林木遗传多样性研究的总体状况。在此基础上,为加强这方面的研究工作提出了几点建议。 相似文献
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概述了分子标记在林副特产指纹图谱构建、遗传图谱构建、QTLs定位、分子标记辅助选择、遗传多样性分析、杂种鉴定等方面的研究进展,同时提出了分子标记在林木上的发展趋势。 相似文献